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Adaptive Software Development life cycle

requirements cannot be clearly expressed, projects are mission driven and component based, using time-based cycles to meet target dates

spiral model

shows that software is developed using an iterative or spiral approach rather than a linear approach

prototyping model

used for developing prototypes to clarify user requirements

Rapid Application Development (RAD) model

used to produce systems quickly without sacrificing quality

project life cycle

A collection of project phases, such as concept, development,implementation, and close-out

systems development life cycle (SDLC)

A framework for describing the phases involved in developing and maintaining information systems

virtual team

A group of individuals who work across time and space using communication technologies

executive steering commitee

A group of senior executives from various parts of the organization who regularly review important corporate projects and issues

systems approach

A holistic and analytical approach to solving complex problems that includes using a systems philosophy, systems analysis, and systems management

agile software development

A method for software development that uses new approaches, focusing on close collaboration between programming teams and business experts

systems analysis

A problem-solving approach that requires defining the scope of the system to be studied and then dividing it into its component parts for identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs

deliverable

A product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project

The work to be performed in each phase, The deliverables to be produced and when, The individuals who are involved in each phase, Management control and approval of work produced in each phase

A project life cycle is a collection of project phases that defines?

Champion

A senior manager who acts as a key proponent for a project

organizational culture

A set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization

adaptive software development

A software development approach used when requirements cannot be clearly expressed early in the life cycle

predictive life cycle

A software development approach used when the scope of the project can be clearly articulated and the schedule and cost can be accurately predicted

political frame

Addresses organizational and personal politics

IT governance

Addresses the authority and control for key IT activities in organizations, including IT infrastructure, IT use, and project management

systems management

Addressing the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and making changes to a system

matrix organizational structure

An organizational structure in which employees are assigned to both functional and project managers

functional organizational structure

An organizational structure that groups people by functional areas such as information technology, manufacturing, engineering, and human resources

project organizational structure

An organizational structure that groups people by major projects, such as specific aircraft programs

systems philosophy

An overall model for thinking about things as systems

matrix

middle ground between functional and project structures; personnel often report to two or more bosses; structure can be weak, balanced, or strong matrix

politics

Competition between groups or individuals for power and leadership

structural frame

Deals with how the organization is structured (usually depicted in an organizational chart) and focuses on different groups' roles and responsibilities to meet the goals and policies set by top management

human resources frame

Focuses on producing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people

symbolic frame

Focuses on the symbols, meanings, and culture of an organization

Globalization

Lower trade and political barriers and the digital revolution have made it possible to interact almost instantaneously with billions of other people across our planet

phase exit

Management review that should occur after each project phase to determine if projects should be continued, redirected, or terminated; also called a kill point

kill point

Management review that should occur after each project phase to determine if projects should be continued, redirected, or terminated; also called a phase exit

Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where employees identify more with the organization; where work activities emphasize groups; and where there is strong unit integration, high risk tolerance,performance-based rewards, high conflict tolerance, an open-systems focus, and a balanced focus on people, control, and means-orientation.

Name two characteristics of organizational culture that help project management. Answer has all

offshoring

Outsourcing from another country

systems thinking

Taking a holistic view of an organization to effectively handle complex situations

project feasibility

The first two phases in a project (concept and development) that focus on planning

project acquisition

The last two phases in a project (implementation and close-out)that focus on delivering the actual work

Concept, development, implementation, and close-out

What are the phases of the traditional project life cycle?

waterfall, spiral, incremental build model, prototyping model, and Rapid App Development

What are the predictive life cycle models?

Functional

What type of organizational structure gives the least amount of authority to project managers?

Matrix

What type of organizational structure has project team members reporting to at least two bosses?

outsourcing

When an organization acquires goods and/or sources from an outside source

waterfall model

has well-defined, linear stages of systems development and support

providing adequate resources, approving unique project needs in a timely manner, obtaining cooperation from other parts of the org, and mentoring and coaching

how top management can help project managers

incremental build model

provides for progressive development of operational software