IST 3343 Exam 3

Matching: a. Attribute b. Entity c. Relationshop 1. Sale 2. Quantity sold 3. Is ordered on 4. Sells 5. Inventory item 6. product 7. Item description 8. Invoice 9. Received on 10. Invoice item

1: b. Entity 2: a. Attribute 3: c. Relationship 4: c. Relationship 5: b. Entity 6: b. Entity 7: a. Attribute 8: b. Entity 9. c. Relationship 10. b. Entity

24. A relationship must be turned into an associative entity when the associative entity has other relationships with entities besides the relationship that caused its creation.

True

25. Ideally, each data store on a primitive data-flow diagram will be an individual entity

True

7. Designing usable forms and reports requires your active interaction with users

True

60. An __________________________ is an entity type that associates the instances of one or more entity types and contains attributes that are peculiar to the relationship between those entity instances.

associative entity

23. Which of the following is the standard method of gathering and displaying information on the Internet? a. Dialogue interaction b. Form interaction c. Report interaction d. Menu selection e. VRML interaction

b. Form interaction

26. Which of the following is an example of a form? a. Invoice b. Pie chart c. Mailing labels d. An electronic spreadsheet e. Weekly sales summaries by region and salesperson

d. An electronic spreadsheet

4. On the Internet, form interaction is the standard method of gathering and displaying information when consumers order products, request product information, or query account status.

True

44. Vehicle identification number, color, weight, and horsepower best exemplify: a. entities. b. entity types. c. data markers. d. identifiers. e. attributes.

e. attributes.

52. An ___________ is a person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data

entity

54. An ___________________ is a single occurrence of an entity type.

entity instance

34. A _____ is a business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in.

form

37. A _______________ validation test checks for the existence of data items in all fields of a record.

missing data

32. Which of the following is not a general guideline for displaying tables and lists? a. Labels should be separated from other information by using highlighting. b. Avoid overly fancy fonts. c. Columns should have at least two spaces between them. d. Right-justify textual data, and use a short line length. e. Similar information displayed in multiple columns should be sorted vertically.

d. Right-justify textual data, and use a short line length.

37. A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data refers to a(n): a. attribute. b. data element. c. relationship. d. entity. e. process.

d. entity.

26. Conceptual data modeling for an Internet-based electronic commerce application differs significantly from the process followed when analyzing the data needs for other types of applications

False

3. Invoices and mailing labels are examples of forms.

False

5. During systems design, a conceptual data model with attributes is prepared.

False

5. When preparing an initial prototype of a form or report, the structuring and refinement of the requirements involves much input from the end users.

False

6. An enterprise-wide data model is prepared during systems implementation and operation.

False

6. The purpose of the testing and usability assessment section of a form design specification is to explain to those who will actually develop the final form why this form exists and how it will be used.

False

7. A logical data model is prepared during systems analysis

False

8. Highlighting should be used as often as possible to draw the user away from or to certain information.

False

9. When constructing a data model, the analyst needs to know how, when, and where data are processed

False

20. When structuring data entry fields, the system should automatically justify data entries.

True

21. Relationships are labeled with verb phrases.

True

21. The values validation test makes sure that values come from a standard set of values.

True

22. The goal of conceptual data modeling is to capture as much of the meaning of data as possible.

True

23. Cardinality is the number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be associated with each instance of entity A.

True

3. The purpose of the conceptual data model is to show as many rules about the meaning and interrelationships among data as possible

True

4. The names of data stores on primitive-level data flow diagrams often correspond to the names of data entities in entity-relationship (E-R) diagrams.

True

8. The primary deliverable for the conceptual data-modeling step within the analysis phase is an entity-relationship diagram

True

9. Highlighting techniques can be used singularly or in combination, depending upon the level of emphasis desired by the designer.

True

32. Which of the following is a true statement? a. A data model explains what the organization does and what rules govern how work is done in the organization. b. To construct a data model, you need to know how data are processed. c. To construct a data model, you need to know when data are processed. d. A data flow diagram graphically illustrates the structure and relationships among data items. e. During conceptual data modeling, the preparation of a Network diagram is necessary.

a. A data model explains what the organization does and what rules govern how work is done in the organization.

43. A named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization defines: a. attribute. b. relationship. c. instance. d. associative entity. e. data flow.

a. attribute.

41. A single occurrence of an entity type defines: a. entity instance. b. entity appearance. c. attribute. d. data element. e. entity type.

a. entity instance.

40. A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics best defines: a. entity type. b. entity instance. c. entity occurrence. d. entity collection. e. data set.

a. entity type.

34. Asking system users and business managers "How many instances of each object might exist?" would help determine: a. the data entities and their descriptions. b. the candidate key. c. attributes and secondary keys. d. relationships and their cardinality and degrees. e. integrity rules, minimum and maximum cardinality, and time dimensions of data.

a. the data entities and their descriptions.

29. Process, logic, and data-model descriptions of a system must be consistent and complete since: a. they each describe different but complementary views of the same information system. b. they are prepared during the analysis phase. c. they are constructed in parallel by separate analyst teams. d. a data model indicates when the data are processed. e. a data model shows how the data are processed.

a. they each describe different but complementary views of the same information system.

33. The data modeling perspective that derives the business rules for a data model from an intimate understanding of the nature of the business, rather than from any specific information requirements in screens, reports, or business forms, is referred to as the: a. top-down approach. b. bottom-up approach. c. overview approach. d. business approach. e. conceptual approach.

a. top-down approach.

30. Each of the following is a guideline for displaying text except: a. use abbreviations and acronyms instead of full text. b. do not hyphenate words between lines. c. left-justify text and leave a ragged right margin. d. display text in mixed upper- and lowercase and use conventional punctuation. e. use double spacing if space permits.

a. use abbreviations and acronyms instead of full text.

55. An __________ is a named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization.

attribute

48. A relationship that the data modeler chooses to model as an entity type best defines: a. recursive relationship. b. associative entity. c. domain. d. complex relationship. e. complex entity.

b. associative entity.

30. The most common format used for data modeling is: a. state-transition diagramming. b. entity-relationship diagramming. c. process modeling. d. logic modeling. e. a flowchart.

b. entity-relationship diagramming.

46. A candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type is called a(n): a. attribute. b. identifier. c. secondary key. d. gerund. e. index.

b. identifier.

50. . A ___________________________ reviews specific business documents, such as computer displays, reports, and business forms, handled within the system.

bottom-up approach

42. Which of the following is a true statement? a. Data entities correspond to sources/sinks on a data flow diagram. b. Relationships correspond to data flows on a data flow diagram. c. A data entity will have many possible instances. d. Verbs are used to name entity types. e. An entity type is described many times in the data model.

c. A data entity will have many possible instances.

36. Designing forms and reports is a user-focused activity that typically follows a ___________________ approach.

prototyping

58. A ________________ is an association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization.

relationship

35. A ________ is a business document that contains only predefined data; it is a passive document used only for reading or viewing.

report

49. A ___________________________ derives the data model from an intimate understanding of the nature of the business, rather than from any specific information requirements in computer displays, reports, or business forms.

top-down approach

59. _____________ refers to the number of instances of entity B that can (or must) be associated with each instance of entity A.

Cardinality

53. An __________________ is a collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics.

Entity type

51. An _______________________________________________ is a detailed, logical, and graphical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area.

Entity-relationship diagram (E-R diagram)

11. Where possible, text should appear in all uppercase on forms.

False

12. Use a verb or verb phrase to name an entity

False

12. When designing textual output, you should use single spacing wherever possible

False

13. When designing textual output, you should hyphenate words between lines.

False

14. A primary key should be null.

False

14. When designing textual output, both the left and right margins should appear justified.

False

15. When displaying textual information, use abbreviations and acronyms as often as possible.

False

17. The JAD approach is used for designing interfaces and dialogues.

False

19. When structuring data entry fields, captions are not always necessary.

False

2. Processes, rather than data, are the most complex aspects of many modern information systems.

False

2. The selection of data-storage technologies is made during the systems implementation and operation phase.

False

57. An __________________ is a candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type.

Identifier

1. One of the purposes of logical and physical database design is to choose data-storage technologies that will efficiently, accurately, and securely process database activities.

True

1. The characteristics of data captured during data modeling are crucial in the design of databases, programs, computer screens, and printed reports.

True

1. The contents of a form or report correspond to the data elements contained in an associated data flow located on a data-flow diagram.

True

10. Highlighting methods should be consistently selected and used based upon the level of importance of the emphasized information

True

10. The top-down approach to data modeling derives a data model from an intimate understanding of the nature of the business

True

11. An entity is a person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data.

True

13. A true data entity will have many possible instances, each with a distinguishing characteristic, as well as one or more other descriptive pieces of data

True

15. An identifier is a candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type.

True

16. When displaying tables and lists, you should right-justify numeric data and align columns by decimal points or other delimiters

True

16. When selecting an identifier, one should choose a candidate key that will not change its value over the life of each instance of the entity type.

True

17. Analysts should consider substituting single-attribute surrogate keys for large composite keys.

True

18. Good interface design provides a consistent way for moving the cursor to different places on the form, editing characters and fields, moving among form displays, and obtaining help.

True

18. Referencing an employee entity, an employee's skills are an example of a multivalued attribute.

True

19. One way to handle repeating data within an entity is to separate the repeating data into another entity, called a weak entity.

True

2. The data on all forms and reports must consist of data elements in data stores and on the E-R data model for the application or else be computed from these data elements.

True

20. A multivalued attribute is an attribute that may take on more than one value for each entity instance.

True

27. Which of the following is an example of a report? a. Mailing labels b. Computer sign-on screen c. Electronic spreadsheet d. Automated teller machine transaction layout e. Class registration sheet

a. Mailing labels

31. The primary deliverable from the conceptual data-modeling step within the analysis phase is: a. a state-transition diagram. b. an entity-relationship diagram. c. a context data flow diagram. d. a decision table. e. Structured English

b. an entity-relationship diagram.

27. Which of the following is a true statement? a. Data characteristics are dynamic. b. A data model explains the transient form of an organization. c. An information system design based on a data orientation, rather than a process or logic orientation should have a longer useful life. d. Data flow paths are permanent. e. A data model graphically represents the processes that capture, manipulate, store, and distribute data between a system and its environment and among components within a system.

c. An information system design based on a data orientation, rather than a process or logic orientation should have a longer useful life.

33. Which of the following is not a rule for structuring data entry fields? a. Never require data that is already online or that can be computed. b. Always provide default values when appropriate. c. Data entries should not be justified. d. Always place a caption adjacent to fields. e. Provide context-sensitive help when appropriate.

c. Data entries should not be justified.

35. Reviewing computer screens, reports, and business forms for the purpose of gaining an understanding of data is indicative of the: a. investigative approach. b. business approach. c. bottom-up approach. d. top-down approach. e. conceptual approach.

c. bottom-up approach.

45. An attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type defines: a. data element occurrence. b. trigger. c. candidate key. d. associative entity. e. data marker.

c. candidate key.

38. A product is an example of a(n): a. data element. b. attribute. c. entity. d. relationship. e. process.

c. entity.

39. A renewal is an example of a(n): a. data element. b. attribute. c. entity. d. relationship. e. action stub.

c. entity.

24. A business document that contains some predefined data and may include some areas where additional data are to be filled in best describes a: a. written procedure. b. turn-around document. c. form. d. report. e. coupon.

c. form.

28. Conceptual data modeling is typically done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during: a. systems planning and selection. b. systems design. c. systems analysis. d. systems implementation and operation. e. systems evaluation.

c. systems analysis.

22. Human interface design is performed during: a. systems planning and selection. b. systems analysis. c. systems design. d. systems implementation and operation. e. requirements structuring.

c. systems design.

47. If entity B is a mandatory participant, then: a. the minimum cardinality of the relationship is two. b. the minimum cardinality of the relationship cannot be defined. c. the minimum cardinality of the relationship is one. d. the minimum cardinality of the relationship is optional. e. the join level is not null.

c. the minimum cardinality of the relationship is one.

56. A ________________ is an attribute (or combination of attributes) that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type.

candidate key

36. A detailed, logical, and graphical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area best describes a(n): a. logic model. b. data-flow diagram. c. structure chart. d. entity-relationship diagram or E-R diagram. e. data tree

d. entity-relationship diagram or E-R diagram.

28. Each of the following is a true statement about highlighting except: a. highlighting techniques can be used singularly or in combination, depending upon the level of emphasis desired by the designer. b. highlighting should be used conservatively. c. highlighting methods should be consistently selected and used based upon the level of importance of the emphasized information. d. highlighting should be used as frequently as possible to draw the user to or away from certain information and to group together related information. e. it is important to examine how a particular highlighting method appears on all possible output devices that could be used with the system.

d. highlighting should be used as frequently as possible to draw the user to or away from certain information and to group together related information.

31. Which of the following are general guidelines for displaying tables and lists? a. All columns and rows should have meaningful labels. b. Place a blank line between every five rows in long columns. c. Use the same family of typefaces within and across displays and reports. d. Allow white space on printed reports for the user to write notes. e. All of the above are guidelines for displaying tables and lists.

e. All of the above are guidelines for displaying tables and lists.

29. Which of the following is a guideline for displaying text? a. Use double spacing if space permits. b. Do not hyphenate words between lines. c. Left-justify text and leave a ragged right margin. d. Display text in mixed upper- and lowercase and use conventional punctuation. e. All of the above are guidelines for displaying text.

e. All of the above are guidelines for displaying text.

25. Which of the following is an example of a form? a. Invoice b. Pie chart c. Weekly sales summaries by region and salesperson d. Mailing labels e. Automated teller machine transaction layout

e. Automated teller machine transaction layout