IT week 3

Which of the following statements is true of distributed databases?

In distributed databases, local storage of data increases communication costs.

_____ is a component of a data model that defines the boundaries of a database, such as maximum and minimum values allowed for a field, constraints, and access methods.

Integrity rules

Which of the following statements is true of a database?

It allows more than one program to use the same data.

Which of the following statements is true of big data?

It is the result of the exponential growth of data in both public and private organizations.

Which of the following statements is true of database marketing?

It makes an organization responsive to the needs of its customers.

In a relational database model, the columns are called _____.

attributes

In the context of data models, relationships among records in a hierarchical model are called _____.

branches

In the context of the data administration component of a database management system (DBMS), the acronym CRUD stands for _____

create, read, update, and delete

The _____ component of a database management system (DBMS) is used for tasks such as backup and recovery, security, and change management.

data administration

The _____ component of a database management system (DBMS) is used to create and maintain the data dictionary.

data definition

The _____ stores data types for fields, default values for fields, and validation rules for data in each field.

data dictionary

A _____ is the structure and organization of data, which involves fields, records, and files.

data hierarchy

The _____ component of a database management system (DBMS) is used to add, delete, modify, and retrieve records from a database.

data manipulation

A _____ is usually a smaller version of a data warehouse, used by a single department or function.

data mart

The first step in database design is defining a _____, which determines how data is created, represented, organized, and maintained.

data model

A _____ is a collection of data from a variety of sources used to support decision-making applications and generate business intelligence.

data warehouse

A _____ acts as an interface to a database, retrieving data for users and allowing users to enter data in the database.

data-driven Web site

In large organizations, database design and management is handled by a

database administrator

A ____ converts logical requests from users into their physical equivalents by interacting with other components of the database management system (DBMS).

database engine

A ____ is software for creating, storing, maintaining, and accessing database files.

database management system

In the context of segmentation of customers in database marketing, _____ is a variable that includes gender, age, income, and marital status.

demographic information

A database administrator (DBA) is responsible for _____.

developing recovery procedures in case data is lost or corrupted

In object-oriented databases, grouping objects along with their attributes and methods into a class is called

encapsulation

In the context of the input component of a data warehouse, _____ collect, integrate, and process data that can be used by all functional areas in an organization.

enterprise resource planning systems

In a data warehouse, _____ is the process of collecting data from a variety of sources and converting it into a format that can be used in transformation processing.

extraction

A network model is similar to a hierarchical data model because in both data models records are organized in the same way.

false

A select operation pares down a table in a relational database by eliminating columns according to certain criteria.

false

Consolidating information from different departments or functional areas is easier in data marts than in data warehouses.

false

Data in a database is used for analytical purposes, whereas data in a data warehouse is used for capturing and managing transactions.

false

Disks are sequential access devices, whereas tapes are random access devices.

false

Labor and population statistics are examples of sources for internal data that are accessed by a database.

false

Static Web sites are useful for e-commerce sites that need frequent updates.

false

The use of the OR operator in a query form, when using query by example (QBE), means that all conditions must be met.

false

With the indexed sequential access method (ISAM), records cannot be accessed randomly.

false

In contrast to data in a database, data in a data warehouse is described as subject oriented, which means that it _____.

focuses on a specific area

In a relational database model, a _____ is a field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table.

foreign key

In a _____ , the relationships among records form a treelike structure.

hierarchical model

In a(n) _____, nodes with the same parents are called twins or siblings.

hierarchical model

The advantage of the _______ is that both sequential and random access can be used to access records, depending on the number being accessed.

indexed sequential access method

For each database, there:

is only one physical view of data.

To begin designing a relational database, you must define the _____ by defining each table and the fields in it.

logical structure

The ____ of a database involves how information appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved.

logical view

In data warehouses, _____ is information about data-its content, quality, condition, origin, and other characteristics.

metadata

In a(n) _____, each record can have multiple parent and child records.

network model

In the context of how information is viewed in a database, the _____ involves how data is stored on and retrieved from storage media.

physical view

Business analytics uses _____ to gain insight into data and provide decision makers with information they can act on.

predictive modeling

In a relational database, every record must be uniquely identified by a

primary key

In a relational database model, a(n) _____ pares down a table by eliminating columns according to certain criteria.

project operation

In a(n) _____ , records can be accessed in any order, regardless of their physical locations in storage media.

random access file structure

In a(n) ______ , records in files are organized and processed in numerical order.

sequential access file structure

In comparison with a flat file system, _____ in a database.

storage space is reduced

Data warehouses are sometimes called hypercubes because they _____.

store multidimensional data

A database engine converts logical requests from users into their physical equivalents by interacting with other components of the database management system (DBMS).

true

A database is a critical component of information systems because any type of analysis that is done is based on data available in the database.

true

Although a database can consist of only a single file, it is usually a group of files.

true

Business intelligence (BI) uses scorecards and dashboards to support decision-making activities, whereas business analytics (BA) uses data mining tools and predictive modeling.

true

In a relational database model, the rows are called _____.

tuples

Unlike data in databases, data in data warehouses is:

used for analytical purposes.

The _____ dimension of big data refers to the sheer quantity of transactions, measured in petabytes or exabytes.

volume

In the context of database marketing, when a buyer is segmented on the basis of variable psychographics, it explains _____.

why the buyer buys a product or service

Which of the following types of databases is not limited by the data's physical location?

A distributed database

When using query by example (QBE) in the data manipulation component of a database management system (DBMS), the _____ is used when all the conditions in the QBE form must be met.

AND operator

Which of the following statements is true of data marts and data warehouses?

Data marts usually perform the same types of analysis as data warehouses.

is used to discover patterns and relationships.

Data-mining analysis

_____ can be described as using an organization's database of customers and potential customers in order to promote products or services that an organization offers.

Database marketing

In the context of the operators used in a query by example (QBE) form, the _____ is used when only one of the conditions in the QBE form must be met.

OR operator

tools are capable of "drilling up," proceeding from the smallest unit of data to higher levels.

Online analytical processing

Which of the following components of a data model describes methods and calculations that can be performed on data, such as updating and querying data?

Operations

Which of the following approaches to set up a distributed database management system (DDBMS) combines the fragmentation approach and the replication approach?

The allocation approach

In the context of the types of data in a database, which of the following is a source of external data?

Tax records

Which of the following components of a database management system (DBMS) is used to design elements of an application using a database, such as data entry screens, interactive menus, and interfaces with other programming languages?

The application generation component

Which of the following components of a database management system (DBMS) is responsible for data storage, manipulation, and retrieval?

The database engine

Which of the following file structures is similar to a book index that lists page numbers where certain topics can be found?

The indexed sequential access method