ITC4500 Project Management

Which of the following can be major contributors to project failure? CHECK ALL THAT APPLY Accepting all changes mentioned by stakeholders Rejecting all changes suggested by stakeholders Delays caused by requiring all changes to go through an appropriate change control process not having a Change Control Board with many stakeholders to provide final approval of all changes

Accepting all changes mentioned by stakeholders Rejecting all changes suggested by stakeholders

Which of the following is FALSE about the difference between a charter for an Agile/adaptive project vs. a traditional/predictive project? Traditional/predictive charters may not often include a list of initial team members, while an agile/adaptive charter often does. Agile/adaptive charters focus on being brief and flexible more than predictive charters do. Agile project charters do not need to identify budget considerations, but waterfall projects do Agile/adaptive project charters contain less specific details about project scope deliverables

Agile project charters do not need to identify budget considerations, but waterfall projects do

Which of the following is a similarity between scope control and schedule control? a. Both are initial processes of project time management. b. Both of their primary goals is to define project goals and milestones. c. Both are portions of the integrated change control process under project integration management. d. Both of these processes should occur before estimating activity durations.

Both are portions of the integrated change control process under project integration management.

All of the following should be considered before a scope change is considered EXCEPT: Risk impact CCB impact cost impact schedule impact

CCB impact

What is usually NOT in a project charter for an Agile/adaptive IT project? Answers: Project success criteria Project Vision or Mission statement Detailed list of scope deliverables List of key Stakeholders

Detailed list of scope deliverables

Which of the following is generally NOT included in a Project Charter for a traditional/predictive IT project? Detailed task schedule Sponsor signature Budget estimate Project goals/purpose

Detailed task schedule

In project time management, which of the following processes involve analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule? a. Defining activities b. Developing the schedule c. Controlling the schedule d. Planning schedule management

Developing the schedule

_____ dependencies are sometimes referred to as soft logic and should be used with care because they may limit later scheduling options. a. Discretionary b. Mandatory c. External d. Inherent

Discretionary

In project time management, which of the following processes involve calculating the number of work periods that are needed to complete individual activities? a. Estimating activity durations b. Planning schedule management c. Defining activities d. Sequencing activities

Estimating activity durations

Which of the following dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities? a.External b.Inherent c.Mandatory d.Discretionary

External

Which of the following is true of a finish-to-finish dependency? a. It is a dependency in which the "from" activity cannot start until the "to" activity or successor is started. b. It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must start before the "to" activity can be finished. c. It is a dependency in which in which the "from" activity must finish before the "to" activity or successor can start. d. It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must be finished before the "to" activity can be finished.

It is a dependency in which the "from" activity must be finished before the "to" activity can be finished

A difference between the Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) and critical path method (CPM) is that: a. CPM involves more work than PERT because it requires several duration estimates. b. PERT uses different duration estimates whereas CPM uses one specific duration estimate. c. CPM addresses the risk associated with duration estimates whereas PERT does not. d. unlike CPM, PERT estimates only when there is no risk of uncertainty.

PERT uses different duration estimates whereas CPM uses one specific duration estimate.

Which of the following provides certification as a Project Management Professional? a. PMC b. PMI c. PMS d. PMP

PMI

_____ states that work expands to fill the time allowed. a. Murphy's Law b. Einstein's Law c. Miller's Law d. Parkinson's Law

Parkinson's Law

Which of the following is NOT a PMI Process Group? Project Initiation Project Scope Project Monitoring and Controlling Project Close

Project Scope

A traditional/predictive Project Charter is more appropriate for Projects that have no specific sponsor(s) Projects that are more focused on people rather than process Projects that have requirements or deliverables that are relatively difficult to define. Projects that have requirements or deliverables that are relatively easy to define.

Projects that have requirements or deliverables that are relatively easy to define.

Which of the following should be included in a Scope Management plan? Scope Statment Requirements change procedures Detailed Cost estimate Work Breakdown Structure

Scope Statment Requirements change procedures Work Breakdown Structure

In project time management, which of the following processes primarily involve identifying and documenting the relationships between project activities? a. Defining activities b. Planning schedule management c. Sequencing activities d. Estimating activity durations

Sequencing activities

Which of the following is a relationship in which the "from" activity cannot start until the "to" activity is started? a. Start-to-finish b. Finish-to-finish c. Finish-to-start d. Start-to-start

Start-to-start - from can't start until to finishes Finish to start - From must finish before to starts Finish to Finish - From activity must finish before to activity finishes Start to Finish - To cannot finish until from starts

The purpose of doing a new baseline is to calculate Earned Value statistics on the project To document the most up-to-date plans for scope, schedule and budget on the project with all changes applied. to complete the change approval process to assess the net impact of a change on the scope, schedule and/or budget for the project

To document the most up-to-date plans for scope, schedule and budget on the project with all changes applied.

When rejecting a change you don't have to create or update any project documentation You never need to consult the Change Control Board You must update the change log You must re-baseline

You must update the change log

If you are involved in a large, complex project, and are not receiving change requests at all even after an extended period of time, this could be a sign that You are using an Agile methodology You will be getting changes when your project catches your busy stakeholders attention again. You have plenty of slack in your baselines. You are a fantastic project manager!

You will be getting changes when your project catches your busy stakeholders attention again.

_____ uses project characteristics in a mathematical model to estimate project costs. a. Parametric estimating b. Analogous estimating c. Bottom-up estimating d. Rough order of magnitude estimating

a. Parametric estimating

Newtech Inc. hires John to work on their new project. He is assigned to complete several tasks throughout the project. He has been told that he must attend a status meeting that lasts about an hour each week, and every month the team spends a day working on a presentation for the project sponor. The salary paid to John by Newtech Inc. for the time spent in these activities would be included in the budget ___________. a. in the list of WBS task costs b. as an overhead expense c. as an intangible cost d. in project management recurring costs

a. in the list of WBS task costs

Good Earth, a company manufacturing packaged food products, sets up its stores in Baltonia. However, a year later, the company closes the store down due to high operating costs. In such a scenario, the money spent in paying for the rent of the store in Baltonia would be an example of _____ costs. a. sunk b. direct c. recurring d. intangible

a. sunk

Which of the following is true of earned value? a. It is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed. b. It is also known as the planned value. c. It is the actual cost plus the planned cost. d. It is based solely on the total cost estimate to be spent on an activity.

a. It is an estimate of the value of the physical work actually completed.

Which of the following is a difference between projects and operations? a. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature. b. Operations have well-defined objectives whereas projects do not need to have a unique purpose. c. Projects are undertaken to sustain an organization's business whereas operations are not. d. Operations are undertaken to create unique products, services, or results whereas projects are not.

a. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature.

Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in _____ processes. a. closing b. initiating c. monitoring and controlling d. executing

a. closing

Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management. a. planning b. executing c. monitoring and controlling d. closing

a. planning

The most difficult and unappreciated process in project management is often a. planning b. monitoring and controlling c. initiating d. executing

a. planning

In the _____ model, developers use a model to generate functional requirements and physical design specifications simultaneously. a. prototyping life cycle b. RAD life cycle c. incremental build life cycle d. spiral life cycle

a. prototyping life cycle

A good change control process will include a way to formally document change rejection a way to find out the current status of a change under consideration all of these a way to formally document change approval

all of these

As a project manger your role in potential new project changes is receiving and recording change requests from sponsor(s) and/or functional managers suggesting change requests to sponsor(s) and/or functional mangers all of these making sure that an appropriate evaluation of all impacts relating to a change request is done

all of these

Schedule variance is: a. the planned value * CPI. b. the difference between earned value and planned value c. the budgeted value minus the actual cost. d. the planned value plus the rate of performance.

b the difference between earned value and planned value

A cost estimation tool which involves estimating individual work items or activities and summing them to get a project total is known as a(n) _____ estimate. a. parametric b. bottom-up c. budgetary d. analogous

b. bottom-up

Soles is a footwear company which has recently set up its store in Ambrosia. To manufacture its products, Soles incurs a range of different costs. Which of the following would be an example of an indirect cost? a. Cost of leather used to manufacture shoes b. Electricity used to run its factories c. Cost of machines to produce shoes d. Salary paid to factory workers

b. Electricity used to run its factories

Newtech Inc. hires John to work on their new project. He is assigned to complete several tasks throughout the project. The salary paid to John by Newtech Inc. for the time spent on these tasks would be included in the budget ___________. a. as an intangible cost b. in the list of WBS costs c. in project overhead items d. as a fixed project cost

b. in the list of WBS costs

_____ is a method for determining the estimated annual costs and benefits for a project. a. Present value analysis b. Cash flow analysis c. Critical path analysis d. Requirements analysis

b. Cash flow analysis

Steve, is a software engineer in a website development company who works for a Client Development Officer in his company. Steve is at present working on a new website project. The website is being built for the Robinson Corp. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____. a. the Client Development Officer b. Robinson Corp c. the project team d. Steve

b. Robinson Corp

The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces. a. accumulation b. decomposition c. catalyzation d. conglomeration

b. decomposition

Project managers have the least amount of authority in a pure _____ organizational structure. a. circular b. functional c. matrix d. project

b. functional

The project time management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activity of schedule control. a. planning b. monitoring and controlling c. executing d. initiating

b. monitoring and controlling

The budget is one of the three values of earned value management and is also known as _____. a. actual cost b. earned value c. planned value d. indirect cost

b. planned value

The first step in project cost management is: a. to control project costs and monitor cost performance. b. to plan how costs will be managed. c. to allocate project cost estimates to individual material resources. d. to develop several estimates of costs for different types of resources.

b. to plan how costs will be managed.

Analogous estimates are also known as _____ estimates. a. bottom-up b. top-down c. parametric d. budgetary

b. top-down

A similarity between the crashing technique and the fast tracking technique is that: a. both spread out tasks over a long period of time to ensure the quality of work is maintained. b. both are network diagramming techniques used primarily to predict total project duration. c. both invariably result in increases in total project costs. d. both can shorten the time needed to finish a project.

both can shorten the time needed to finish a project.

_____ are those costs that are difficult to measure in monetary terms. a. Tangible costs b. Direct costs c. Intangible costs d. Fixed costs

c. Intangible costs

Which of the following is most likely to be a reason for inaccuracies in information technology cost estimates? a. Human beings are biased toward overestimation. b. Estimates take a long time to be worked out. c. People lack estimating experience. d. Only software development provides the scope for estimates to be accurate.

c. People lack estimating experience.

Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS? a. Each WBS item should be created assuming that the requirements are inflexible. b. The work content of a WBS item is independent of the WBS items below it. c. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS. d. Any WBS item should be the responsibility of all the people working on it.

c. A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.

_____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved. a. Creating scope b. Controlling scope c. Defining scope d. Validating scope

c. Defining scope

Which of the following is true of the agile approach to software development? a. Agile is a predictive model of software development. b. An agile approach sets scope goals, but leaves time and cost goals flexible. c. In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration. d. In the agile approach, requirements must be clearly expressed early in the life cycle.

c. In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.

Which of the following is true of the schedule performance index (SPI)? a. It means that a project is ahead of schedule if SPI is lesser than one or hundred percent. b. It means that a project is behind schedule if an SPI is greater than one. c. It can be used to estimate the projected time to complete the project. d. It is the ratio of planned value to actual costs.

c. It can be used to estimate the projected time to complete the project.

_____ helps develop an accurate projection of a project's financial expenses and benefits. a. Crashing b. Critical path analysis c. Life cycle costing d. Fast tracking

c. Life cycle costing

_____ includes measuring progress toward project objectives and taking corrective action to match progress with the plan. a. Executing b. Planning c. Montioring and controlling d. Initiating

c. Montioring and controlling

In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS. a. mind mapping b. top-down c. bottom-up d. analogy

c. bottom-up

The cost performance index (CPI): a. indicates that a project is under budget if CPI is less than one. b. is the ratio of earned value to planned value. c. can be used to estimate the projected cost of completing the project. d. indicates that the planned and actual costs are equal if CPI is more than one.

c. can be used to estimate the projected cost of completing the project.

The _____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end. a. executing b. planning c. closing d. monitoring

c. closing

Examples of _____ processes include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements. a. monitoring and controlling b. initiating c. executing d. planning

c. executing

In the _____ phase, the project team delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. a. close-out b. development c. implementation d. concept

c. implementation

During _____ processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition. a. controlling b. opening c. initiating d. planning

c. initiating

The process of controlling costs primarily involves: a. finalising the procedures for project costs. b. determining the policies for project costs. c. managing changes to the project budget. d. determining a basis for estimates.

c. managing changes to the project budget.

The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project. a. support staff member b. project team c. project sponsor d. project manager

c. project sponsor

The _____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project. a. WBS b. project charter c. scope statement d. Gantt chart

c. scope statement

A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS. c. work package a. deliverable b. objective c. work package d. variance

c. work package

Which of the following is true of contingency reserves? a. They are not included in a cost baseline. b. They are also known as unknown unknowns. c. They allow for dollar amounts to be used to cover existing, fixed costs. d. They allow for future situations that can be partially planned for.

d. They allow for future situations that can be partially planned for.

Cost variance is: a. the difference between planned value and earned value b. the rate of performance times earned value. c. what you expected to pay plus actual costs. d. the difference between earned value and actual costs.

d. the difference between earned value and actual costs.

Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle? a. The point of time in the project lifecycle after which it is impossible to terminate a running project b. The period of time given to managers during the feasibility phases to decide on the cost, quality, and time constraints for the project c. The final submission of the project deliverables after which the project is terminated d. A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated

d. A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated

_____ are an output of the executing process of project integration management. a. Resource calendars b. Issue logs c. Enterprise environmental factor updates d. Deliverables

d. Deliverables

Which of the following is a difference between project management and portfoliomanagement? a. Portfolio management is an easy task whereas project management is a more difficult task. b. Portfolio management asks questions like, "Are we carrying out projects efficiently?" whereas project management asks questions such as "Are we investing in the right areas?" c. Project management involves making wise investment decisions whereas portfolio management does not. d. Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.

d. Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.

Which of the following project parameters would be compatible with the use of the agile approach? a. Projects with clear-up front requirements b. Projects that have a fairly rigid completion date c. Projects with inexperienced and dispersed teams d. Projects that have more flexible scheduling

d. Projects that have more flexible scheduling

Which of the following is true of projects? a. They are developed using regressive elaboration. b. They have an indefinite beginning and end. c. They are permanent in nature. d. They have a unique purpose.

d. They have a unique purpose.

A(n) _____ refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project. a. resource b. input c. system d. deliverable

d. deliverable

The term ______ describes a product produced as part of a project. a. scope b. variance c. work package d. deliverable

d. deliverable

The main purpose of project plans is to a. estimate activity resources b. schedule management plans c. define project scope d. guide project execution

d. guide project execution

The _____ model of a systems development life cycle provides for progressive development of operational software, with each release providing added capabilities. a. spiral life cycle b. waterfall life cycle c. RAD life cycle d. incremental build life cycle

d. incremental build life cycle

The project integration management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of developing project charters. a. monitoring and controlling b. planning c. executing d. initiating

d. initiating

In the development phase of the project life cycle: a. managers develop a business case, which describes the need for the project and basic underlying concepts. b. managers prepare a preliminary or rough cost estimate for the required work. c. the project team delivers the required work, and provides performance reports to stakeholders. d. the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more detailed list of the tasks that must be done.

d. the project team creates more detailed project plans, a more accurate cost estimate, and a more detailed list of the tasks that must be done.

The _____ model of a systems development life cycle assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined. a. incremental build life cycle b. spiral life cycle c. RAD life cycle d. waterfall life cycle

d. waterfall life cycle

A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. a. project charter b. project scope statement c. business case d. work breakdown structure

d. work breakdown structure

After working with key stakeholders to define activities and calculate their resources, the next process in project time management is to: a. determine their dependencies. b. develop the schedule. c. estimate the duration of activities. d. control the schedule.

determine their dependencies.

Which of the following techniques involve doing activities in parallel that one would normally do in sequence? a. PERT analysis b. Critical chain scheduling c. Fast tracking d. Crashing

fast tracking

Critical chain scheduling protects tasks on the critical chain from being delayed by using _____, which consist of additional time added before tasks on the critical chain that are preceded by non-critical-path tasks. a. fast tracking b. feeding buffers c. dummy activities d. critical paths

feeding buffers

The amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any immediately following activities is known as a _____. a. backward pass b. forward pass c. fast tracking d. free slack

free slack

A Project Manager on a smaller project often has more authority to approve or reject some change requests without consulting the sponsor or Change Control Board has no authority to approve or reject any change requests without consulting the sponsor or Change Control Board is only responsible for documenting change requests and their status. has limited or no ability to evaluate how change requests will impact scope, schedule or budget

has more authority to approve or reject some change requests without consulting the sponsor or Change Control Board

The purpose of a change log is to record only approved change requests: help prevent "zombie changes", i.e. changes that are requested multiple times by stakeholders update plans for the scope, schedule and budget when changes are approved all of these

help prevent "zombie changes", i.e. changes that are requested multiple times by stakeholders

The _____ for an activity is the latest possible time an activity might begin without delaying the project finish date. a. early finish date b. late start date c. late finish date d. early start date

late start date

The critical path is the _____ path through a network diagram, and it represents the _____ amount of slack or float. a. longest; shortest b. shortest; shortest c. longest; longest d. shortest; longest

longest; shortest

Well-considered and approved changes will never need to be rolled back are always too costly compared to the value received can be rolled back easily after work on them has begun may need to be rolled back if conditions change

may need to be rolled back if conditions change

A(n) _____ on a project is a significant event that normally has no duration. a.activity attribute b. schedule baseline c. activity sequence d. milestone

milestone

The first process involved in project time management is _____ . a. estimating activity durations b. sequencing activities c. planning schedule management d. defining activities

planning schedule management

In project time management, a(n) _____ is an output of controlling the schedule a. activity duration estimate b. project management plan update c. milestones list d. activity attribute1

project management plan update