ITN 106 Midterm
File extensions
By default, Windows does not display _____________ in Windows Explorer
PC Service
A ____________________ technician goes to a customer site in response to a service call.
HTPC
A _________________ PC is designed to play and possibly record music, photos, movies, and video on a TV or large monitor screen.
Compressed
A(n) _______ folder is often used to compress files to a smaller size so they can more easily be sent by e-mail.
Dual boot
A(n) ____________________ allows you to install the new OS without disturbing the old one so you can booth to either OS.
memory leak
A(n) ____________________ is caused when an application does not properly release memory allocated to it that it no longer needs.
A tool that lists errors and issues that need attention
Action Center
a tool in windows 7 that lists errors and issues that need to be addressed
Action center
a Windows server directory database and service that is used in managing a domain to allow for a single point of administration for all shared resources on a network, including files, peripheral devices, databases, web sites, users, and services
Active directory
a group of tools accessed through the Control Panel that you can use to manage the local computer or other computers on the network.
Administrative tools
In Windows, a user account that grants to the administrator(s) rights and privileges to all hardware and software resources, such as the right to add, delete, and change accounts and to change hardware configurations
Administrator Account
a Windows 7 feature that gives you a peek at the desktop when you move the mouse over the rectangle to the far-right side of the taskbar
Aero Peek
a Windows 7 feature that minimizes all other windows except the one you shake
Aero Shake
a Windows 7 feature that automatically maximizes a window when you drag it to the top of the desktop or snaps the window to the side of the screen when you drag it to a side.
Aero Snap
The Windows 7/Vista 3D user interface that gives a glassy appearance. also called aero glass.
Aero User Interface
a text file that contains information that Windows requires in order to do an unattended installation
Answer file
Wildcard
As you work at the command prompt, you can use ____________________ characters in a filename to say that the command applies to a group of files or to abbreviate a filename if you do not know the entire name.
a text file containing a series of OS commands. autoexec.bat is a batch file
Batch file
a Windows error that occurs in kernel mode, is displayed against a blue screen, and causes the system to halt. The error might be caused by problems with devices, device drivers, or a corrupted Windows installation. also called a stop error
Blue screen error or Blue screen of death
a startup menu that gives the user the choice of which operating system to load, such as Windows XP or Windows 7, which are both installed on the same system, creating a dual boot
Boot loader menu
a system that tracks the dates, times, and transactions of help-desk or on-site PC support calls, including the problem presented, the issues addressed, who did what, and when and how each call was resolved
Call tracking
Documentation that tracks evidence used in an investigation and includes exactly what, when, and from whom the evidence was collected, the condition of the evidence, and how the evidence was secured while in possession of a responsible party
Chain of Custody
A network where resources are managed by centralized computers
Client/server network
a group of settings that can be applied to older drivers or applications that might cause them to work in Windows using a newer version of Windows than the one the programs were designed to use
Compatibility mode
a Microsoft Management Console snap-in that can be used to register components used by installed applications
Component Services COM+
a folder with a .zip extension that contains compressed files. When files are put in the folder, they are compressed. When files are moved to a regular folder, the files are decompressed.
Compressed folder
a Windows console that contains several administrative tools used by support technicians to manage the local computer or other computers on the network.
Computer Management
a window containing several small utility programs called applets that are used to manage hardware, software, users, and the system
Control Panel
a tool in the administrative Tools group of Control Panel that is used to allow data files to be connected to applications they normally would not use
Data Sources Open Database
a utility within the Windows 7 Performance Monitor and the Windows Vista Reliability and Performance Monitor that is used to create a set of counters to collect data about the system to measure performance
Data collector set
a program associated with a file extension.
Default program
To rewrite a file to a disk in one contiguous chain of clusters, thus speeding up data retrieval.
Defragment
The initial screen that is displayed when an OS has a GUI interface loaded
Desktop
Small programs stored on the hard drive and installed in Windows that tell Windows how to communicate with a specific hardware device such as a printer, network, port on the motherboard, or scanner.
Device Driver
Primary Windows tool for managing hardware
Device Manager
a Windows utility that enables you to delete temporary files to free up space on a drive
Disk Cleanup
Making an exact image of a hard drive, including partition information, boot sectors, operating system installation, and application software to replicate the hard drive on another system or recover from a hard drive crash. also called disk cloning or disk imaging
Drive imaging
a Windows command prompt window that allows commands that require administrative privileges
Elevated Command Prompt window
When a technician passes a customer's problem to higher organizational levels because he or she cannot solve the problem
Escalate
a Windows tool useful for troubleshooting problems with Windows, applications, and hardware. It displays logs of significant events such as a hardware or network failure, OS failure, OS error messages, a device or service that has failed to start, or General Protection Faults
Event viewer
Software that uses a database of known facts and rules to simulate a human expert's reasoning and decision-making processes
Expert System
The properties assigned to a file.
File Attributes
The overall structure that an OS uses to name, store, and organize files on a disk
File System
The association between a data file and an application that is determined by the file extension.
File association
a portion of the name of a file that indicates how the file is organized or formatted, the type of content in the file, and what program uses the file
File extention
Overall structure an OS uses to name, store, and organize files on a volume
File system
The first part of the name assigned to a file, which does not include the file extension. In DOS, the filename can be no more than eight characters long and is followed by the file extension. In Windows, a filename can be up to 255 characters.
Filename
a Windows XP tool used to copy user data and settings from one computer to another
Files and Settings Transfer Wizard
The properties assigned to a folder
Folder attributes
Action Center
For Windows 7, the ____________________ tracks problems with applications, hardware, and Windows.
a file that has been written to different portions of the disk so that it is not in contiguous clusters.
Fragmented files
a mini-app that appears on the Windows 7 desktop or Vista sidebar.
Gadget
an interface that uses graphics as compared to a command-driven interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
a feature of a processor whereby it can provide enhanced support for hypervisor software to run virtual machines on a system. The feature must be enabled in BIOS setup
Hardward Assisted Virtualization
The low-level part of Windows, written specifically for each CPU technology, so that only the HaL must change when platform components change.
Hardware Abstraction Layer (HaL)
a command used by the User State Migration Tool (USMT) to copy user settings and data from an old computer to a server or removable media. also see loadstate
Scanstate
a PC that is designed to play and possibly record music, photos, movies, and video on a television or extra-large monitor screen
Home Theatre PC
a type of peer-to-peer network where each computer shares files, folders, libraries, and printers with other computers in the homegroup. access to the homegroup is secured using a homegroup password
Homegroup
a file format that has an .iso file extension and holds an image of all the data, including the file system that is stored on an optical disc. ISO stands for International Organization for Standardization
ISO Image
Service
If a _____________ that an application relies on has failed to start, make sure it has an Automatic or Manual startup setting.
Not Responding
If an application is listed as ____________________ in the Task Manager Applications tab, you can end it by selecting it and clicking the End Task button at the bottom of the window.
System Restore
If you can identify the approximate date the error started, you may be able to use _________________ to revert the system to a state before the problem occurred.
a program included in the Windows automated Installation Kit that is used to create and modify standard images
ImageX
appears when right-clicking an icon in the Windows 7 taskbar and provides access to some of the major functions of the program
Jump List
The portion of an OS that is responsible for interacting with the hardware.
Kernel
In Windows 7, a collection of one or more folders that can be stored on different local drives or on the network
Library
The first sector on a hard drive, which contains the partition table and a program the BIOS uses to boot an OS from the drive
Master Boot Record (MBR)
a Windows 7/Vista utility used to test memory.
Memory Diagnostics
a Windows utility to build customized consoles. These consoles can be saved to a file with an .msc file extension
Microsoft Management Console
a volume that can be accessed by way of a folder on another volume so that the folder has more available space. also see mount point
Mounted drive
In Windows Explorer or the Computer window, pane on the left side of the window where devices, drives, and folders are listed. Double-click an item to drill down into the item.
Navigation Pane
The primary Windows 7/Vista utility used to manage network connections
Network and Sharing Center
an area to the right of the taskbar that holds the icons for running services; these services include the volume control and network connectivity. also called the system tray or systray
Notification area
a utility that allows users to work with files in the folder when the computer is not connected to the corporate network
Offline files
Software that controls a computer
Operating System (OS)
The Windows swap file that is used to hold the virtual memory that is used to enhance physical memory installed in a system
Pagefile.sys
a minor update to software that corrects an error, adds a feature, or addresses security issues. also called an update
Patches
a drive and list of directories pointing to a file such as C:\Windows\System32
Path
a Microsoft Management Console snap-in that can track activity by hardware and software to measure performance.
Performance Monitor
a Windows 7 utility that provides information to evaluate the performance of a system and to adjust Windows for best performance.
Performance information and tools
Programming contained in the BIOS code on the motherboard used to start up the computer and search for a server on the network to provide a bootable operating system
Preboot Execution Environment (PXE)
a program that is running under the authority of the shell, together with the system resources assigned to it.
Process
a window within the Control Panel that lists the programs installed on a computer where you can uninstall, change, or repair programs
Programs and Features
a Windows 7/Vista utility that uses a flash drive or secure digital (SD) memory card to boost hard drive performance.
ReadyBoost
a database that Windows uses to store hardware and software configuration information, user preferences, and setup information.
Registry
a utility that is used to register component services used by an installed application.
Regsvr32
a Windows 7 utility that provides information about problems and errors that happen over time.
Reliability Manager
a Vista utility (Perfmon.msc) that collects, records, and displays events, called Data Collector Sets, that can help track the performance and reliability of Windows. In Windows XP, this monitor is called the Performance Monitor or the System Monitor.
Reliability and Performance Manager
a Windows tool that monitors the performance of the processor, memory, hard drive, and network.
Resource Monitor
The main directory, at the top of the top-down hierarchical structure of subdirectories, created when a hard drive or disk is first formatted
Root directory
The number of dots or pixels on the monitor screen expressed as two numbers such as 1680 x 1050
Screen resolution
Using administrative privileges to perform an operation when you are not logged on with an account that has these privileges
Secondary logon
On a hard disk drive or SSD, the smallest unit of bytes addressable by the operating system and BIOS. On hard disk drives, one sector equals 512 bytes; SSD drives might use larger sectors.
Sector
a program that runs in the background to support or serve Windows or an application.
Service
a collection of several patches or updates that is installed as a single update to an OS or application
Service Pack
a console used by Windows to stop, start, and manage background services used by Windows and applications
Services Console
a copy of open files made so that open files are included in a backup
Shadow copy
The portion of an OS that relates to the user and to applications
Shell
Located on the right side of the Vista desktop and displays Vista gadgets
Sidebar
Wasted space on a hard drive caused by not using all available space at the end of a cluster.
Slack
a Windows utility that can be installed in a console window by Microsoft Management Console.
Snap-ins
Unallocated
Space on the disk is marked as ____________________ if it has not yet been partitioned.
The Windows 7/Vista user account type that can use software and hardware and make some system changes, but cannot make changes that affect the security of the system or other user
Standard account
a directory or folder contained in another directory or folder. also called a child directory or folder
Subdirectory
A Windows utility that protects system files and keeps a cache of current system files in case it needs to refresh a damaged file
System File Checker
a Windows tool that provides details about a system, including installed hardware and software, the current system configuration, and currently running programs. The program file is Msinfo32.exe
System Information
a Windows utility used to restore the system to a restore point.
System Restore
a window that displays brief and important information about installed hardware and software and gives access to important Windows tools needed to support the system
System Window
a Windows utility that lets you view the applications and processes running on your computer as well as information about process and memory performance, network activity, and user activity
Task Manager
a Windows tool that can set a task or program to launch at a future time, including at startup.
Task Scheduler
a bar normally located at the bottom of the Windows desktop, displaying information about open programs and providing quick access to others
Taskbar
a command that uses the process PID to kill a process.
Taskkill
a command that returns the process identifier (PID), which is a number that identifies each running process.
Tasklist
System Information Utility
The ____________________ gives a wealth of information about installed hardware and software, the current system configuration, and currently running programs
Control Panel
The ____________________ is a window containing several small utility programs called applets that are used to manage hardware, software, users, and the system
paperwork
The job isn't finished until the ___________________ is done.
Drive imaging
The process of copying an entire hard drive to another bootable media device is called __________________.
Windows 7 Upgrade Advisor
The simplest way to find out if a system can be upgraded to Windows 7 is to download, install, and run the ____________________ .
a regular desktop computer or laptop that is sometimes used as a client by a virtualization server
Thick client
a computer that has an operating system, but has little computer power and might only need to support a browser used to communicate with a virtualization server
Thin client
Each process that the CPU is aware of; a single task that is part of a longer task or request from a program
Thread
Reliability monitor
To find out what changes were made to the system at a specific time use the ________________.
Blue screen
To solve ____________________ stop errors after Windows startup, use the web to research the error message.
a Windows 7/Vista security feature that displays a dialog box when an event requiring administrative privileges is about to happen
User Account Control (UAC) dialog box
a Windows utility that helps you migrate user files and preferences from one computer to another to help a user make a smooth transition from one computer to another
User State Migration Tools
a collection of files and settings about a user account that enables the user's personal data, desktop settings, and other operating parameters to be retained from one session to another
User profile
The group of folders and subfolders in the C:\Users folder that belong to a specific user account and contain the user profile
User profile namespace
a computer that serves up virtual machines to multiple client computers and provides a virtual desktop for users on these client machines.
Virtualization server
a primary partition that has been assigned a drive letter and can be formatted with a file system such as NTFS. Compare to logical drive
Volume
ReadyBoost
Windows 7/Vista ____________ uses a flash drive or secure digital (SD) memory card to boost hard drive performance.
a Windows tool used to transfer Windows 7/Vista/XP user data and preferences to the Windows 7/Vista/XP installation on another computer
Windows Easy Transfer
a Windows 7/Vista feature that gives a summary index designed to measure the overall performance of a system on a scale from 1.0 to 7.9
Windows Experience Index
a minimum operating system used to start the Windows installation
Windows Preinstallation Environment
In Windows, a logical group of computers and users in which administration, resources, and security are distributed throughout the network, without centralized management or security
Workgroup
CompTIA
_________________ sponsors the A+ Certification Program and manages the exams.
Fragmentation
____________________ happens over time as Windows writes files, deletes files, and writes new files to your drive.
System Restore
____________________ restores the system to its condition at the time a snapshot was taken of the system settings and configuration.
HAV
a technology that enhances the processor support for VMs
a command used by the User State Migration Tool (USMT) to copy user settings and data temporarily stored on a server or removable media to a new computer. also see scanstate
loadstate
a division of a hard drive that can hold a volume
partition
as applied to networking, a network of computers that are all equals, or peers. Each computer has the same amount of authority, and each can act as a server to the other computers
peer-to-peer
a Windows installation that requires the local user to start the process
pull automation
an installation where a server automatically pushes the installation to a computer when a user is not likely to be sitting at the computer
push automation
an entry in a call-tracking system made by whoever receives a call for help and used to track and document actions taken. The ticket stays open until the issue is resolved
ticket
an * or ? character used in a command line that represents a character or group of characters in a filename or extension
wildcard