ITN 261 Chapter 8-14
A Trojan can include which of the following?
RAT
What are worms typically known for?
Rapid replication
Jennifer is a system administrator who is researching a technology that will secure network traffic from potential sniffing by unauthorized machines. Jennifer is not concerned with the future impact on legitimate troubleshooting. What technology can Jennifer implement?
SSH
A security camera picks up someone who doesn't work at the company following closely behind an employee while they enter the building. What type of attack is taking place?
Tailgating
XXS is typically targeted toward which of the following?
Web browsers
What is not a benefit of hardware keyloggers?
Difficult to install
Groups and individuals who hack system based on principle or personal beliefs are known as_________.
Hacktivists
Wireless access points function as a ________.
Hub
Jason notices that he is receiving mail, phone calls, and other requests for information. He has also noticed some problems with his credit checks such as bad debts and loan he did not participate in. What type of attack did Jason become a victim of?
Identity theft
A spare infector virus_______.
Infects files selectively
What is the hexadecimal value of a NOP instruction in a Intel system?
0x90
Tiffany is analyzing a capture from a client's network. She is particularly interested in NetBIOS traffic. What port does Tiffany filter for?
139
What is a covert channel?
A backdoor
MAC spoofing applies a legitimate MAC address to an unauthenticated host, which allows the attacker to pose as a valid user. Based on your understanding of ARP, what would indicate a bogus client?
A reverse ARP request maps to two hosts.
Which is/are a characteristic of a virus?
A virus is malware. A virus replicates with user interaction
What is a vulnerability scan designed to provide to those executing it?
A way to reveal vulnerabilities
Which of the following is/are true of a worm?
A worm is malware, A worm replicated on its own.
What response is missing in a SYN flood attack?
ACK
Which of the following is used to set permission on content in a website?
ACL
Jennifer is a junior system administrator for a small firm of 50 employees. For the last week a few users have been complaining of losing connectivity intermittently with no suspect behaviors on their part such as large downloads or intensive processes. Jennifer runs Wireshark on Monday morning to investigate. She sees a large amount of ARP broadcasts being sent at a fairly constant rate. What is Jennifer most likely seeing?
ARP poisoning
What technique funnels all traffic back to a single client, allowing sniffing from all connected hosts?
ARP poisoning
A covert channel or backdoor may be detected using all of the following except______.
An SDK
An overt channel is______.
An obvious method of using a system
Which of the following is not a source of session IDs?
Anonymous login
The Wayback Machine would be useful in viewing what type of information relating to a web application?
Archived versions of websites
Session hijacking can be thwarted with which of the following?
Authentication
Input validation is used to prevent which of the following?
Bad input, SQL injection
________can be used to identify a web server.
Banner grab
Julie has sniffed an ample amount of traffic between the targeted victim and an authenticated resource. She has been able to correctly guess the packet sequence numbers and inject packets, but she it unable to receive any of the responses. What does this scenario define?
Blind hijacking
A common attack against web servers and web applications is _____.
Buffer overflow
How is a brute-force attack performed?
By trying all possible combinations of characters
Which of the following is a scripting language?
CGI
What common tool can be used for launching an ARP poisoning attack?
Cain & Abel
Which of the following best describes a web application?
Code designed to be run on the server.
On a switch, each switchport represents a ______.
Collision domain
Databases can be victim of code exploits depending on which of the following?
Configuration
What is used to store session information?
Cookie
A session hijack can be initiated from all of the following except which one?
Cookies and devices
SQL injection attacks are aimed at which of the following?
Databases
Which of the following is used to access content outside the root of a website?
Directory traversal
A virus does not do which of the following?
Display pop-ups
Which pointer in a program stack gets shifted or overwritten during a successful overflow attack?
EIP
Phishing takes place using_______.
What may be helpful in protecting the content on a web server from being viewed by unauthorized personnel?
Encryption
A blind SQL injection attack is used when which of the following is true?
Error message are not available.
A polymorphic virus_____.
Evades detection through rewriting itself
Which of the following is an attribute used to secure a cookie?
HIPS,NIDS,Logs
Human beings tend to follow set patterns and behaviors known as_________.
Habits
Groups and individuals who may hack a web server or web application based on principle or personal beliefs are known as_______.
Hacktivists
What is the name for the dynamic memory space that, unlike the stack, doesn't rely on sequential ordering or organization?
Heap
Browsers do not display________.
Hidden fields
In addition to relational database, there is also what kind of database?
Hierarchical
What device will neither limit the flow of traffic nor have an impact on the effective of sniffing?
Hub
Which of the following prevents ARP poisoning?
IP DHCP Snooping
Session hijacking can be performed on all of the following protocols except which one?
IPsec
Which technology can provide protection against session hijacking?
IPsec
Jason receives notices that he has unauthorized charges on his credit card account. What types of attack is Jason a victim of?
Identity theft
Jason is the local network administrator who has been tasked with securing the network from possible DoS attacks. Within the last few weeks, some traffic logs appear to have internal clients making requests from outside the internal LAN. Based on the traffic Jason has been seeing, what action should he take?
Implement ingress filtering
Which of the following can prevent bad input from being presented to an application through a form?
Input validation
A man-in-the-middle attack is an attack where the attacking party does which of the following?
Insert themselves into an active session
_______is a client-side scripting language.
JavaScript
In social engineering a proxy is used to_______.
Keep an attacker's origin hidden
When talking to victim, using ______can make an attack easier.
Keywords
The stack operates on a ______ basic.
LIFO
What is a single-button DDoS tool suspected to be used by groups such as Anonymous?
LOIC
Which DoS attack sends traffic to the target with a spoofed IP of the target itself?
Land
What would be used to monitor application errors and violations on a web server or application?
Logs
Bob is attempting to sniff a wired network in his first pen test contract. He sees only traffic form the segment he is connected to. What can Bob do to gather all switch traffic?
MAC flooding
Base on the diagram, what attack is occurring?
MITM
Social engineering is designed to___________.
Manipulate human behavior
Which mechanism can be used to influence a targeted individual?
Means of dress or appearance
An attack can use which technique to influence a victim?
Name-dropping
Which of the following is capable of port redirection?
Netcat
A session hijack can happen with which of the following?
Network and applications
Which kind of values is injected into a connection to the host machine in an effort to increment the sequence number in a predictable fashion?
Null
What is the main difference between DoS and DDoS?
Number of attackers
Proper input validation can prevent what from occurring?
Operating system exploits
Which of the following is an example of a server-side scripting language?
PHP
Jennifer has been working with sniffing and session-hijacking tools on her company network. Since she wants to stay white hat—that is, ethical¬¬---she has gotten permission to undertake these activities. What would Jennifer's activities be categorized as?
Passive
Janet receives an email enticing her to click a link. But when she clicks this link she is taken to a website for her bank, asking her to reset her account info. However, Janet noticed that the bank is not hers and the website is not for her bank. What type of attack is this?
Phishing
Jennifer receives an email claiming that her bank account information has been lost and the she needs to click a link to update the bank's database. However, she doesn't recognize the bank, because it is not one she does business with. What type of attack is she being present with?
Phishing
Social engineering can be used to carry out email campaigns known as__________.
Phishing
Training and education of end users can be used to prevent________.
Phishing, Tailgating/piggybacking
Session hijacking can do all of the following except which one?
Place a cookie on a server
What mode must be configured to allow an NIC to capture all traffic on the wire?
Promiscuous mode
Wireshark required a network card to be able to enter which mode to sniff all network traffic?
Promiscuous mode
Which of the following challenges can be solved by firewalls?
Protection against buffer overflow
What is the generic syntax of a Wireshark filter?
Protocol.field operator value
Web applications are used to ______
Provide dynamic content
Adding to and removing from a program stack are known as what?
Push and pop
What type of database uses multiple tables linked together in complex relationships?
Relational
Zombies Inc. is looking for ways to better protect their web servers from potential DoS attacks. Their web admin proposes the use of a network appliance the receives all incoming web request and forwards them to the web server. He says it will prevent direct customer contract with the server and reduce the risk of DoS attack. What appliance is he proposing?
Reverse proxy
Which of the following is another name for a record in a database?
Row
_________can be used to attack databases.
SQL injection
_________is used to audit databases.
SQLPing
A POODLE attack targets what exactly?
SSL
While monitoring traffic on the network, Jason captures the following traffic. What is he seeing occur?
SYN flood
Which attack can be used to take over a previous session?
Session hijacking
Which statement defines session hijacking most accurately?
Session hijacking is an attack that aims at stealing a legitimate session and posing as that user while communicating with the web resource or host machine.
What is the most common sign of a DoS attack?
Slow performance
A remote access Trojan would be used to do all of the following except______.
Sniff Traffic
A Trojan relies on _________ to be activated.
Social Engineering
Based on the packet capture shown in the graphic, what is contained in the highlighted section of the packet?
Source and destination IP addresses
An ethical hacker sends a packet with a deliberate and specific path to its destination. What technique is the hacker using?
Source routing
Phishing can be mitigated through the use of___________.
Spam filtering, Education
Network-level hijacking focuses on the mechanics of a connection such as the manipulation of packet sequencing. What is the main focus of web app session hijacking?
Stealing session IDs
What can error message tell an attacker?
Success of an attack, Failure of an attack, Structure of a database.
Which network devices can block sniffing to a single network collision domain, create VLANs, and make use of SPAN ports and port mirroring?
Switch
What is the key difference between a smurf and a fraggle attack?
TCP vs UDP
Which of the following is not a Trojan?
TCPTROJAN
Which utility will tell you in real time which ports are listening or in another state?
TCPView
What is an eight-in-one DoD tool that can launch such attacks as land and teardrop?
Targa
The command-line equivalent of WinDump is known as what?
Tcpdump
Social engineering can be thwart using what kinds of controls?
Technical, Administrative, Physical
Social engineering preys on many weakness, including______.
Technology, People, Human nature, Physical
A logic bomb is activated by which of the following?
Time and date, Actions, Events
In the field IT security, the concept of defense in depth is layering more than one control on another. Why would this be helpful in the defense of a system of session-hijacking?
To provide better protection
What is the best option for thwarting social-engineering attacks?
Training
Which statement define malware most accurately?
Trojan are malware . Malware covers all malicious most accurately
A man-in-the-browser attack is typically enabled by using which mechanism?
Trojans
A logic bomb had how many parts, typically?
Two
What protocol is used to carry out a fraggle attack?
UDP
A public use workstation contains the browsing history of multiple users who logged in during the last seven days. While digging through the history, a user run across the following web address: www.snaz22enu.com/&w25/session=22525. What kind of embedding are you seeing?
URL embedding
Social engineering can use all the following except________.
Viruses
Which command is used to limit data in SQL Server?
WHERE
Which command is used to query data in SQL Server?
WHERE, SELECT, from
Session fixation is a vulnerability in which of the following?
Web applications
In a DDoS attack, what communication channel is commonly used to orchestrate the attack?
\Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
Which command is used to remove a table from a database?
drop table
Which function(s) are considered dangerous because they don't check memory bounds?
get(), strcpy(), scanf(), strcat()
Which Wireshark filter displays only traffic from 192.168.1.1?
ip.addr =! 192.168.1.1
Which command would retrieve banner information from a website at port 80?
nc 192.168.10.27 80
What command is used to listen to open ports with netstat?
netstat -an
Jennifer is using tcpdump to capture traffic on her network. She would like to save the capture for the later review. What command can Jennifer use?
tcpdump -w capture.log
What is the command to retrieve header information from a web server using Telnet?
telnet <website name> 80
Which command launches a CLI version of Wireshark?
tshark
Which command can be used to access the command prompt in SQL Server?
xp_cmdshell
What command-line utility can you use to craft custom packets with specific flags set?
hping3
Jennifer is using tcpdump to capture traffic on her network. She would like to review a capture log gathered previously. What command can Jennifer use?
tcpdump -r capture.log