JBL Respiratory
A 42-year-old man presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. On assessment, he is cyanotic and is making a high-pitched sound on inhalation. Which of the following would MOST likely cause this type of presentation? A) Pulmonary embolism B) Swelling near the larynx C) Diffuse bronchiole inflammation D) Aspiration of fluid into the trachea
B
A patient overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. He is cyanotic; he has slow, shallow breathing; and his oxygen saturation is 80%. The primary cause of this patient's condition is inadequate: A) perfusion. B) ventilation. C) respiration. D) oxygenation.
B
Occasional, irregular breaths that may be observed in a cardiac arrest patient are called: A) Biot respirations. B) agonal gasps. C) ataxic respirations. D) Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
B
Which of the following clinical findings is MOST consistent with a chronic respiratory disease? A) An irregular pulse B) A barrel-shaped chest C) Altered mental status D) Use of accessory muscles
B
In which position would you expect a patient with severe dyspnea to be found? A) Prone B) Supine C) Fowler's D) Lateral recumbent
C
Which of the following signs or symptoms is MOST indicative of cerebral hypoxia? A) Chief complaint of dyspnea B) Diffuse wheezing on exhalation C) Decreased level of consciousness D) Heart rate greater than 120 beats/min
C
Which of the following would MOST likely cause a reduction in tidal volume? A) Flaring of the nostrils B) Accessory muscle use C) Unequal chest expansion D) Increased minute volume
C
A 50-year-old woman presents with acute shortness of breath. Her skin is pale and she is anxious. You should: A) administer high-flow oxygen and assess the adequacy of her breathing. B) place her supine and ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask device. C) deliver humidified oxygen and administer an inhaled bronchodilator. D) give supplemental oxygen only if her oxygen saturation is less than 90%.
A
A 60-year-old woman presents with acute respiratory distress. She is conscious and alert, but restless. Her respiratory rate is 26 breaths/min with adequate chest expansion, her breath sounds are clear to auscultation bilaterally, and her oxygen saturation is 84%. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient? A) Supplemental oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask B) A nasopharyngeal airway and assisted ventilations C) A nasopharyngeal airway and supplemental oxygen D) A nasal cannula with the flowmeter set at 4 to 6 L/min
A
A patient presents with ineffective breathing that has no identifiable pattern. What term is used to describe this type of breathing? A) Ataxic B) Eupnea C) Kussmaul D) Cheyne-Stokes
A
A patient with a mild foreign body airway obstruction: A) is typically not cyanotic. B) presents with a weak cough. C) has a low oxygen saturation. D) has progressive difficulty breathing.
A
A patient with respiratory distress and signs of pulmonary edema is receiving continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy set at 5 cm H20. During reassessment, you note that the patient is fatigued and is no longer following verbal commands. You should: A) begin assisted ventilation with a bag-mask device. B) increase the CPAP setting to greater than 10 cmH20. C) apply a nonrebreathing mask with high-flow oxygen. D) administer a beta-2 agonist through the CPAP device.
A
An inaccurate pulse oximetry reading may be caused by: A) severe peripheral vasoconstriction. B) excessive red blood cell production. C) heat illnesses, such as heatstroke. D) a heart rate greater than 100 beats/min.
A
An unresponsive 60-year-old male is apneic and has a weak, rapid pulse. His oxygen saturation reads 79%. You should: A) deliver one breath over 1 second every 5 to 6 seconds. B) use a pocket face mask to deliver 12 to 20 breaths/min. C) hyperventilate him until his oxygen saturation improves. D) deliver a maximum of 10 breaths/min, each over 1 second.
A
An unresponsive apneic patient's chest fails to rise after two ventilation attempts. You should: A) immediately proceed to chest compressions. B) suction the airway and reattempt ventilations. C) attempt to ventilate again using more volume. D) reposition the head and reattempt to ventilate.
A
During your assessment of a trauma patient, you note massive facial injuries, weak radial pulses, and clammy skin. What should be your MOST immediate concern? A) Potential obstruction of the airway B) Internal bleeding and severe shock C) Applying 100% supplemental oxygen D) Providing rapid transport to a trauma center
A
In an otherwise heathy individual, breathing is stimulated when: A) arterial carbon dioxide levels increase. B) arterial blood pressure decreases. C) arterial oxygen levels decrease. D) pH of the cerebrospinal fluid increases.
A
Oxygen that is administered through a nasal cannula would be of LEAST benefit to a patient who: A) breathes through his or her mouth. B) is in need of long-term oxygen therapy. C) has COPD and an oxygen saturation of 92%. D) is breathing more than 12 times per minute.
A
Shallow breathing is an indication of: A) decreased tidal volume. B) increased minute volume. C) increased oxygen intake. D) severe hypocarbia.
A
The EMT is auscultating an adult patient's breath sounds after the paramedic has inserted an endotracheal (ET) tube. Which of the following would indicate that the ET tube was advanced too far into the trachea? A) Absent breath sounds over the left chest. B) A gurgling sound over the epigastric region. C) Crackles over the lower lobe of the left lung. D) Weak breath sounds over the right lung apex.
A
The MOST appropriate treatment for a semiconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations includes: A) a nasopharyngeal airway and assisted ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device. B) an oropharyngeal airway and high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. C) a nasopharyngeal airway and high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D) an oropharyngeal airway and assisted ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device.
A
The amount of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after breathing in as deeply as possible is called: A) dead space. B) vital capacity. C) residual volume. D) minute volume.
A
Tidal volume is defined as the: A) volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath. B) volume of air that remains in the upper airway. C) total volume of air that the lungs are capable of holding. D) volume of air moved in and out of the lungs each minute.
A
When ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-valve-mask device, each breath should be delivered over: A) 1 second. B) 2 seconds. C) 3 seconds. D) 4 seconds.
A
When ventilating an unresponsive apneic adult with a bag-valve-mask device, you should ensure that: A) an airway adjunct has been inserted. B) you are positioned alongside the patient. C) ventilations occur at a rate of 20 breaths/min. D) the pop-off relief valve is manually occluded.
A
Which of the following assessment findings would indicate that a patient with a foreign body airway obstruction has poor air exchange? A) Stridor B) Anxiety C) Wheezing D) Tachycardia
A
Which of the following clinical findings is common with emphysema, but not congestive heart failure? A) Pursed-lip breathing B) Abdominal distention C) Distended jugular veins D) Pink, frothy sputum
A
Which of the following interventions would result in passive ventilation? A) Chest recoil during chest compressions B) Ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device C) High-flow oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask D) CPAP device set at greater than 10 cmH20
A
Which of the following is an obvious sign of respiratory distress? A) Retractions above and below the clavicles B) Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths/min C) Heart rate that is greater than 100 beats/min D) Skin that is pale, moist, and clammy
A
Which of the following processes occurs during inhalation? A) The intercostal muscles and diaphragm both contract. B) The intercostal muscles relax and the diaphragm descends. C) The diaphragm contracts and the intercostal muscles relax. D) The diaphragm descends and the intercostal muscles relax.
A
Which of the following yields the lowest minute volume? A) Respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min; tidal volume of 300 mL B) Respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min; tidal volume of 500 mL C) Respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min; tidal volume of 400 mL D) Respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min; tidal volume of 500 mL
A
You are assessing a 66-year-old man who has emphysema and complains of worsened shortness of breath. He is confused, has a heart rate of 120 beats/min, and has an oxygen saturation of 83%. Which of the following assessment findings should concern you the MOST? A) Confusion B) Tachycardia C) Low oxygen saturation D) Worsened shortness of breath
A
You are assessing an elderly man with respiratory distress. He is coughing up bloody sputum and has an oxygen saturation of 85%. You auscultate his breath sounds and hear coarse crackles in all lung fields. This patient MOST likely has: A) congestive heart failure. B) acute-onset emphysema. C) decompensated asthma. D) severe bacterial pneumonia.
A
Your partner is ventilating an apneic woman at a rate of 24 breaths/min while you reassess her vital signs. You notice that her systolic BP has decreased by 20 mm Hg and her heart rate has increased by 25 beats/min. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of these vital sign changes? A) The patient is being ventilated to fast B) The patient is in a supine position C) The patient overdosed on cocaine D) The patient has an intracranial hemorrhage
A
A 60-year-old female is found unresponsive. She is cyanotic, is making a snoring sound, and has a slow respiratory rate. You should: A) insert an airway adjunct. B) manually open her airway. C) thoroughly suction her airway. D) ventilate her with a bag-mask device.
B
A 60-year-old woman has severe respiratory distress. She is conscious, but confused, and can only say two words at a time. Which of the following would be the MOST appropriate treatment for her? A) Insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway B) Ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device C) Oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 to 6 L/min D) Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min
B
A 65-year-old man with stroke-like symptoms is responsive only to deep painful stimuli and is making a snoring sound. His respiratory rate is 14 breaths/min and regular and his oxygen saturation is 97%. What should you do? A) Ventilate him with a bag-mask device and oxygen B) Insert a nasopharyngeal airway and keep him sitting up C) Suction his oropharynx and administer oxygen via nasal cannula D) Insert an oropharyngeal airway and position him on his left side
B
A 70-year-old woman with severe respiratory distress is found lying supine in her bed. She is conscious, but confused, and her skin is pale and clammy. Her husband states that she has congestive heart failure and hypertension, and that her breathing difficulty began suddenly. The EMT should: A) assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-mask device. B) elevate the patient's upper body and administer oxygen. C) auscultate the patient's lungs and apply the pulse oximeter. D) suspect pulmonary edema and begin treatment with CPAP.
B
A patient overdosed on several drugs and is unresponsive with shallow breathing and facial cyanosis. As you continue your assessment, the patient suddenly vomits. You should: A) suction his oropharynx at once. B) turn the patient onto his side. C) insert an oropharyngeal airway. D) begin assisting his ventilations.
B
A patient who is breathing with reduced tidal volume would MOST likely have: A) warm, moist skin. B) shallow respirations. C) a prolonged inhalation phase. D) a respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min.
B
After an adult cardiac arrest patient has been intubated by a paramedic, you are providing ventilations as your partner performs chest compressions. When ventilating the patient, you should: A) deliver 2 breaths during a brief pause in chest compressions. B) deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 10 breaths/min. C) hyperventilate the patient to maximize carbon dioxide elimination. D) deliver each breath over 2 seconds at a rate of 15 breaths/min.
B
All of the following would cause an increased level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood, EXCEPT: A) reduced tidal volume. B) deep, rapid breathing. C) short exhalation phase. D) slow, shallow breathing.
B
An unresponsive patient's respirations are 28 breaths/min and shallow. The MOST appropriate treatment includes: A) a nasal cannula set at 2 to 6 L/min. B) assisted ventilation with 100% oxygen. C) a simple face mask set at 10 to 12 L/min. D) a nonrebreathing mask set at 15 L/min.
B
Assessment of a 40-year-old patient reveals respiratory distress, tachycardia, audible expiratory wheezing, and an oxygen saturation of 88%. The EMT should suspect: A) fluid in the lower airways. B) diffuse bronchoconstriction. C) swelling in the laryngeal area. D) infection of the lower airway.
B
Assessment of an older man with respiratory distress reveals that his chest has a barrel-shaped appearance and he is exhaling through pursed lips.What is the pathophysiology of these findings? A) Decreased tidal volume B) Increased residual volume C) Increased vital capacity D) Widespread bronchodilation
B
Assuming a dead space volume of 150 mL, which of the following would yield the lowest minute alveolar ventilation? A) Respiratory rate, 10 breaths/min; tidal volume, 500 mL B) Respiratory rate, 16 breaths/min; tidal volume, 300 mL C) Respiratory rate, 12 breaths/min; tidal volume, 400 mL D) Respiratory rate, 14 breaths/min; tidal volume, 350 mL
B
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy opens collapsed alveoli when: A) the patient's oxygen saturation increases. B) the patient exhales against positive pressure. C) the patient breathes in supplemental oxygen. D) the CPAP pressure is set to less than 5 cmH20.
B
During your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic patient, you meet resistance and do not see the patient's chest rise. You should: A) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. B) reposition the airway and reattempt to ventilate. C) suction the oropharynx and reattempt to ventilate. D) assume that a foreign body is blocking the airway.
B
If the level of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood increases: A) a reduction in tidal volume will occur. B) the respiratory rate and depth increase. C) the respiratory rate slows significantly. D) the respiratory rate and depth decrease.
B
In order to avoid forcing air into the stomach during bag-mask ventilation, you should: A) ventilate the patient at a rate of at least 10 to 12/breaths/min. B) squeeze the bag slowly and release when you observe chest rise. C) apply manual pressure to the abdomen during bag-mask ventilation. D) ensure that you are also delivering a high oxygen concentration.
B
Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when: A) insufficient hemoglobin does not allow for adequate hemoglobin binding. B) blood flowing through the lungs returns to the left side of the heart in a deoxygenated state. C) blood from the right side of the heart is oxygenated without passing through the lungs. D) too much carbon dioxide is removed from the blood as it passes through the lungs.
B
Patients with a hypoxic drive: A) may hypoventilate if given low concentrations of oxygen. B) are stimulated to breathe by low oxygen levels in the blood. C) rarely become cyanotic because of high blood oxygen levels. D) are accustomed to low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.
B
Snoring respirations in an unresponsive patient are MOST often the result of: A) foreign body airway obstruction. B) upper airway obstruction by the tongue. C) collapse of the trachea during breathing. D) swelling of the upper airway structures.
B
The active, muscular part of breathing is called: A) expiration. B) inhalation. C) ventilation. D) respiration.
B
Ventilation is defined as the: A) elimination of carbon dioxide from the body. B) movement of air into and out of the lungs. C) volume of air inhaled into the lungs in a single breath. D) exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level.
B
When attaching an oxygen regulator to a D cylinder and preparing it for use, you should recall that: A) the cylinder must remain in a standing position at all times or it will not deliver any oxygen. B) oxygen supports combustion and should not be used where sparks are easily generated. C) a pressure-compensated flowmeter should be used when laying the oxygen cylinder down. D) the cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when it contains less than 750 psi.
B
Which of the following occurs during positive-pressure ventilation? A) The esophagus remains closed. B) Intrathoracic pressure increases. C) Blood is pulled back to the heart. D) Oxygen is pulled into the lungs.
B
While providing initial ventilations to an apneic adult with a bag-valve-mask device, you note minimal rise of the chest despite an adequate mask-to-face seal. You should: A) suction the airway and reattempt to ventilate. B) reposition the airway and reattempt to ventilate. C) switch to a smaller mask for the bag-valve-mask device. D) attach an oxygen reservoir to the bag-valve-mask device.
B
You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 19-year-old male with a severe airway obstruction when he becomes unresponsive. After lowering him to the ground and placing him in a supine position, you should: A) open his airway and look inside his mouth. B) begin CPR, starting with chest compressions. C) continue abdominal thrusts until ALS responders arrive. D) assess for a carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds.
B
A 40-year-old man is conscious, but has an increased rate of breathing. You should: A) apply 100% oxygen via nonrebreathing mask. B) immediately insert a nasopharyngeal airway. C) assess the regularity and quality of breathing. D) ventilate him with a bag-mask device.
C
A patient's skin will MOST likely become cyanotic if he or she has: A) a decrease in the amount of carbon dioxide. B) an increase in the amount of arterial oxygen. C) a decrease in the amount of arterial oxygen. D) an overall increase in circulating red blood cells.
C
After an initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic patient fails, you reposition the patient's head and reattempt ventilation without success. You should next: A) turn the patient onto his side and deliver 5 to 10 back slaps. B) perform continuous chest compressions until ALS personnel arrive. C) perform chest compressions, open the airway, and look in the mouth. D) administer 5 to 10 abdominal thrusts and reattempt to ventilate.
C
An obese 56-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of dyspnea and chest pain while reading a book. Her breathing is labored and her heart rate is 130 beats/min. Despite supplemental oxygen, her oxygen saturation remains low. What should the EMT suspect? A) Acute asthma attack B) Bacterial pneumonia C) Pulmonary embolism D) Spontaneous pneumothorax
C
An unresponsive man is found lying supine in his bed. Which of the following assessment findings would indicate that his gag reflex is depressed or absent? A) gurgling sound during breathing B) High-pitched inspiratory stridor C) Breathing that is slow and shallow D) Cyanosis to the face, neck, and chest
C
An unresponsive patient has an end-tidal carbon dioxide level of 70 mm Hg. From this, you should conclude that the patient is: A) hypercarbic and breathing adequately. B) hypocarbic and breathing adequately. C) hypercarbic and breathing inadequately. D) hypocarbic and breathing inadequately.
C
Clinically, reduced tidal volume would MOST likely present with respirations that are: A) deep. B) slow. C) shallow. D) eupneic.
C
During the inhalation phase of breathing: A) the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and ascend. B) air passively enters the lungs as pressure within the thorax increases. C) pressure within the thorax decreases and air is drawn into the lungs. D) the muscles in between the ribs relax, which lifts the ribs up and out.
C
If an adult patient presents with a respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min, your initial action should be to: A) begin assisting his ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device. B) apply the pulse oximeter and assess his oxygen saturation. C) evaluate his mental status and the depth of his respirations. D) apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask and take his vital signs.
C
In which of the following situations would you MOST likely encounter agonal gasps? A) Any patient who is unresponsive due to hypoxia B) Occlusion of the posterior pharynx by the tongue C) Shortly after the patient becomes unresponsive and pulseless D) Significant hypoxemia, regardless of the cause
C
Medications such as albuterol (Ventolin) relieve respiratory distress by: A) constricting the bronchioles in the lungs. B) contracting the smaller airways in the lungs. C) relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchioles. D) dilating the large mainstem bronchi of the airway.
C
To ensure you deliver the highest concentration of oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask, you should: A) set the flow rate to at least 10 to 12 L/min. B) securely fasten the mask to the patient's face. C) make sure that the reservoir bag is preinflated. D) cover the one-way valves on the oxygen mask.
C
What does pulse oximetry measure? A) Carbon monoxide levels B) Oxygen levels in the tissues C) Percentage of bound hemoglobin D) Oxygen levels in the lungs
C
What is the function of pulmonary surfactant? A) It carries fresh oxygen from the lungs to the left side of the heart. B) It dilates the bronchioles in the lungs and enhances the flow of air. C) It lubricates the alveolar walls and allows them to expand and recoil. D) It facilitates the production of mucus, which is expelled during coughing.
C
When suctioning copious secretions from a semiconscious adult's airway, you should: A) suction for up to 20 seconds while withdrawing the catheter. B) apply suction as you carefully insert the catheter into the mouth. C) avoid touching the back of the airway with the suction catheter. D) use a flexible catheter because it will remove the secretions faster.
C
When ventilating an apneic patient, you note decreased ventilatory compliance. This means that: A) the upper airway is blocked. B) fluid is occupying the alveoli. C) the lungs are difficult to ventilate. D) there is no resistance when ventilating.
C
Which of the following patients would be the BEST candidate for treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)? A) Conscious; respiratory distress; fever; and hypotension B) Unresponsive; labored breathing; cyanosis; and tachycardia C) Conscious; labored breathing; anxiety; and coarse crackles D) Semiconscious; shallow breathing; and audible wheezing
C
Which of the following would MOST likely occur if an adult patient is breathing at a rate of 45 breaths/min with shallow depth? A) The volume of air that reaches the alveoli would increase significantly. B) Minute alveolar volume would increase due to the rapid respiratory rate. C) Most of his or her inhaled air will not go beyond the anatomic dead space. D) The lungs would become hyperinflated, potentially causing a pneumothorax.
C
While managing a patient with acute shortness of breath, you attempt to apply a nonrebreathing mask set at 12 L/min. The patient pulls the mask away from his face, stating that it is smothering him. You should: A) increase the oxygen flow and reapply the mask. B) securely tape the oxygen mask to the patient's face. C) reassure the patient and apply a nasal cannula instead. D) inform the patient that refusing oxygen may result in his death.
C
While ventilating an unresponsive man with a bag-mask device, you hear gurgling in his upper airway. You should: A) reposition the patient's airway. B) suction the patient's oropharynx. C) position the patient onto his side. D) squeeze the bag with less force.
C
You are assessing a middle-aged male who is experiencing respiratory distress. The patient has a history of emphysema and hypertension. He appears fatigued; has weak retractions; and has labored, shallow breathing. You should: A) administer oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask. B) auscultate his breath sounds to detect wheezing. C) ventilate him with a bag-valve-mask device. D) assess his oxygen saturation with a pulse oximeter.
C
You are dispatched to a residence for an elderly female who has possibly suffered a stroke. You find her lying supine in her bed. She is semiconscious; has vomited; and has slow, irregular breathing. You should: A) perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver and insert an oral airway. B) insert a nasal airway and begin assisting her breathing. C) manually open her airway and suction her oropharynx. D) administer high-flow oxygen and place her on her side.
C
A 30-year-old woman overdosed on pain pills and is unresponsive. She is breathing at a rate of 6 breaths/min with shallow depth. Left untreated, she will develop: A) hypocarbia and acidosis. B) hypercarbia and alkalosis. C) hypocarbia and alkalosis. D) hypercarbia and acidosis.
D
A 33-year-old female presents with acute respiratory distress. She is conscious but anxious, and tells you that she has a history of asthma. She took two puffs of her albuterol inhaler prior to your arrival, but states that it did not help. Her oxygen saturation reads 89% and you hear diffuse wheezing while auscultating her lungs. You should: A) give her 100% humidified oxygen to dilate her bronchioles, monitor her oxygen saturation, and transport her to an appropriate medical facility. B) assist her with a third albuterol treatment, contact medical control for further advice, give her high-flow oxygen, and transport her to the hospital. C) ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask device until her oxygen saturation is at least 94% and rapidly transport her to the closest appropriate medical facility. D) administer high-flow oxygen, contact medical control to request permission to assist her with another albuterol treatment, and prepare for transport.
D
A 35-year-old male complains of shortness of breath. He is conscious and alert and is able to speak in complete sentences. Assessment reveals diffuse wheezing to auscultation, a respiratory rate of 22 breaths/min, a heart rate of 110 beats/min, and an oxygen saturation of 92%. Which of the following interventions would be of MOST benefit to this patient? A) A beta antagonist B) Assisted ventilation C) Supplemental oxygen D) Inhaled bronchodilator
D
A 50-year-old man, who fell approximately 20 feet and landed on a hard surface, is semiconscious. You should: A) check for a carotid pulse if the patient is breathing rapidly. B) gently tilt the patient's head back to assess for breathing. C) begin positive-pressure ventilations with a bag-valve-mask device. D) stabilize his head while performing the jaw-thrust maneuver.
D
A 56-year-old man has labored, shallow breathing at a rate of 28 breaths/min. He is responsive to pain only. You should: A) suction his oropharynx and insert an oropharyngeal airway. B) ventilate him with a bag-valve-mask device at a rate of 30 breaths/min. C) place him on his side and administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask. D) insert a nasopharyngeal airway and begin assisting his ventilations.
D
A patient is unresponsive and has sonorous breathing. This indicates: A) vomitus in the airway. B) upper airway swelling. C) reduced tidal volume. D) anatomic obstruction.
D
An elderly man is found lying unresponsive in his garage. The patient's wife did not witness the event that led to his unresponsiveness. You should: A) assess the patient's respirations. B) apply supplemental oxygen. C) thoroughly suction his oropharynx. D) grasp the angles of the lower jaw and lift.
D
An elderly woman with COPD is semiconscious with labored breathing. Her face is cyanotic, her pulse is rapid and weak, and her oxygen saturation is 75%. You should: A) avoid high-flow oxygen because this may cause her to stop breathing. B) apply oxygen via nasal cannula and reassess her respiratory status. C) insert a nasal airway and give her oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D) ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask device and high-flow oxygen.
D
At the peak of the inspiratory phase, the alveoli in the lungs contain: A) large quantities of carbon dioxide. B) minimal levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. C) equal levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide. D) more oxygen than carbon dioxide.
D
In which position should you place an uninjured, unresponsive patient with a respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min and adequate tidal volume? A) Supine B) Full Fowler's C) Semi-Fowler's D) Lateral recumbent
D
The method by which you administer supplemental oxygen to a hypoxemic patient depends MOSTLY on the: A) presence or absence of cyanosis. B) patient's level of consciousness and heart rate. C) suspected underlying cause of the hypoxemia. D) severity of hypoxemia and adequacy of breathing.
D
To obtain the MOST reliable assessment of a patient's tidal volume, you should: A) assess for retractions. B) listen for airway noises. C) count the respiratory rate. D) look at the rise of the chest.
D
Which of the following devices is contraindicated in patients with blunt thoracic trauma? A) Oral airway B) Nasal airway C) Bag-valve-mask device D) Oxygen-powered ventilator
D
Which of the following patients obviously needs positive-pressure ventilation assistance? A) Combative; respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min and deep B) Semiconscious; respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min and good chest rise C) Restless; respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min with adequate tidal volume D) Responsive to pain only; respiratory rate of 8 breaths/min and shallow
D
Which of the following situations would MOST likely impair oxygenation, despite the fact that the patient is inhaling and exhaling? A) Limb amputation B) Intracranial hemorrhage C) Acute myocardial infarction D) Entrapment in a mine
D
Which of the following statements regarding artificial ventilation of an apneic patient who has dentures is correct? A) Because of the risk of airway obstruction, the EMT should routinely remove a patient's dentures. B) If a patient's dentures are loose, the EMT should use the jaw-thrust maneuver to keep the airway open. C) The EMT should not attempt to remove a patient's dentures because this may cause an airway obstruction. D) Tight-fitting dentures should be left in place because they facilitate the delivery of adequate tidal volume.
D
You are ventilating an apneic 50-year-old woman with a bag-valve-mask device. After squeezing the bag and noting visible chest rise, you should: A) squeeze the bag again in 3 seconds. B) thorough suction the patient's oropharynx. C) reopen the airway and ventilate again. D) allow the patient to completely exhale.
D
You are ventilating an apneic adult with a bag-valve-mask device and high-flow oxygen. Her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and she has cyanosis to her face and chest. Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed ventilations in this patient? A) Slight dissipation of her cyanosis B) Noted abdominal rise with each ventilation C) Decreased compliance with each ventilation D) A decrease in her heart rate to 90 beats/min
D
You receive a call for a 49-year-old woman who passed out. The patient's husband tells you that they were watching TV when the incident occurred. No trauma was involved. The patient is semiconscious and has cyanosis to her lips. After opening her airway with the head tilt-chin lift maneuver, you should: A) assess her respiratory effort. B) begin ventilation assistance. C) insert an oropharyngeal airway. D) insert a nasopharyngeal airway.
D
Which of the following airway sounds indicates a lower airway obstruction? A) Stridor B) Crowing C) Gurgling D) Wheezing
D
A properly placed oropharyngeal airway: A) prevents aspiration if the patient regurgitates. B) keeps the tongue off of the posterior pharynx. C) eliminates the need to perform a head tilt-chin lift. D) will not stimulate a conscious patient's gag reflex.
B
Signs of inadequate breathing in an unresponsive patient include: A) an irregular pulse. B) warm, moist skin. C) symmetrical chest rise. D) cyanotic oral mucosa.
D