Job Satisfaction - Class 6 (Ch 4)
What are critical psychological states and the three types?
Meaningfulness of work Responsibility for outcomes of the work Knowledge of results of the work activities
what are Core job dimensions and the 5 types?
Skill variety Task identity Task significance Autonomy Feedback
What is job rotation?
Systematic movement of employees from one job to another within the organization. ➢ Opportunity to develop skills in a variety of changing jobs. ➢ Preventing job boredom or burnout
What are the three different types of crafting?
Task Crafting, Relational Crafting, and Cognitive Crafting
What is the moderator: Goal Orientation & Mindset?
Tells us that feedback is more strongly associated with performance for people with Growth Mindset (Learning Orientation) compared to people with a Fixed Mindset (Performance Orientation).
What is job enrichment?
Vertical expansion of job tasks and authority such that employee does a complete activity. ➢ Increases autonomy and responsibility ➢ Recognition and feedback
What is cognitive crafting? What's an example?
What you're thinking. Shift in how you think about your job. Ex. Hospital cleaning staff as infection prevention. Cleaning up the streets/garbage collection -- they think they're saviors of the environment.
What is responsibility for outcomes of the work?
captures the degree to which employees feel that they're key drivers of the quality of the unit's work.
What is task identity?
Allows an employee to complete a whole, identifiable piece of work. When a job has high identity, employees can point to something and say, "There, I did that." The transformation from inputs to finished product is very visible, and the employee feels a distinct sense of beginning and closure. If beginning and finishing a project is important, then identity is important to you.
What is performance orientation associated with?
Associated with lower levels of learning and higher anxiety
What is Learning Orientation associated with?
Associated with task persistence, feedback seeking, and performance
What is attitude?
Attitudes have an associated attitude object, which may be the organization, the job, a coworker, or the leader. An attitude refers to our opinions, beliefs, and feelings about aspects of our environment.
What are the three main components of job characteristic theory?
Core job dimensions Critical psychological states Personal and work outcomes
What is skill variety?
Different activities requiring different skills. When variety is high, almost every workday is different in some way, and job holders rarely feel a sense of monotony or repetition.
What is the equation for value percept theory?
Dissatisfaction = (Vwant-Vhave) x (Vimportance) Big differences between wants and haves create a sense of dissatisfaction, especially when the value in question is important.
What is the value percept theory?
Does your job supply what you value? The difference between what you want and what you get multiplied by the degree of importance. Know the idea: The deficit between what you want and what the company gives you multiplied by the degree of importance of what you want. Job satisfaction depends on whether your work supplies what you value. Values are convictions about what is important: ▪ Values are relatively stable and enduring ▪ Values vary among social groups
What are examples of job satisfaction?
Dogs, free food, friendly workmates, healthy interpersonal relationships, bonuses, promotion
What is task significance?
Impact on the lives of other people the belief that the job really matters. When employees feel that their jobs are significant, they can see that others value what they do and they're aware that their job has a positive impact on the people around them
What's Performance Orientation?
Fixed Mindset. - Demonstrating competence > building competence - Includes performance prove and performance avoid orientation - Prefer tasks where mastery has already been demonstrated - Failure seen in negative terms
Which job dimensions are a part of the different aspects of Motivating Potential Score (MPS) Equation?
Form the meaningful part of the equation:Skill Variety Task Identity Task Significance Autonomy Feedback
What's Learning Orientation?
Growth Mindset. - Building competence > demonstrating competence - Enjoy new tasks - Failure seen in positive terms
What are the Personal and Work Outcomes from these core job dimensions and critical psychological states ?
High internal motivation High-qualify performance High work satisfaction Low absenteeism/turnover
What is job enlargement?
Horizontal expansion of jobs through increase in job tasks. ➢ Opportunity to develop skills in a variety of changing jobs. ➢ Preventing job boredom or burnout
What is the job characteristics theory?
Job Characteristic Model (JCM) is a model that demonstrates the relationship between core job dimensions and outcomes. It describes the central characteristics of intrinsically satisfying jobs, attempts to answer this question. As shown in Figure 4-3, job characteristics theory argues that five core job characteristics (variety, identity, significance, autonomy, and feedback, which you can remember with the acronym "VISAF") result in high levels of the three psychological states, making work tasks more satisfying
What is Job crafting theory?
Job Crafting is when employees actively change their formal job designs to better fit their motives, strengths, and passions. Many employees can engage in job crafting, where they shape, mold, and redefine their jobs in a proactive way.46 For example, they might alter the boundaries of their jobs by switching certain tasks, they might change specific collaborative relationships, or they might reenvison how they view their work, relative to the broader context of the organization's mission.
What are the different managerial implications?
Job Rotation - increasing variety Job Enlargement - increase variety & challenge Job Enrichment. - increase variety, identity, significance, & autonomy
What are the two components of Goal Orientation & Mindset?
Learning and Performance Orientation
What are the different facets of job satisfaction?
Pay satisfaction Promotion satisfaction Supervision satisfaction Coworker satisfaction Satisfaction with the work itself
What is job satisfaction?
Pleasurable emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one's job or job experiences. (a work-related attitude) It is based on both cognition and evaluation (calculated opinions of your job) and affect (emotional reactions to your job)
What is feedback?
Provides clear information about how well the individual is performing the work A critical distinction must be noted: This core characteristic reflects feedback obtained directly from the job as opposed to feedback from coworkers or supervisors. Most employees receive formal performance appraisals from their bosses, but that feedback occurs once or maybe twice a year. When the job provides its own feedback, that feedback can be experienced almost every day.
What is autonomy?
Provides freedom, independence and discretion for performing the work. you view the outcomes of your job as the product of your efforts rather than the result of careful instructions from your boss or a well-written manual of procedures.
Which facet is most correlated to overall job satisfaction?
Satisfaction with the work itself
What is task crafting? What's an example?
These are tasks that you do. Taking on more, fewer, different tasks (Ex: Google allows their employees to do whatever they want 20% of the time. Allows them to learn new skills)
What are Values?
They are convictions about what is important: ▪ Values are relatively stable and enduring ▪ Values vary among social groups
What are characteristics of people with Fixed mindset?
They: - Avoid challenges - Ignore criticisms - Have a fixed intelligence and talent - Exert less effort - Give up easily - Think they're a failure - Are threatened by the success of others - Think they always fail - Think they will never improve - Ask why should I bother?
What are characteristics of people with Growth mindset?
They: - Embrace challenges -Learn from feedback and criticism - Recognize that intelligence and talent can be developed - Exert more effort -Keep trying and never give up - Persist in the face of setbacks -Inspired by others success - They learn from failure - They take time and work hard - They want to keep learning
What is relational crafting? What's an example?
This Is what you do with the tasks. Changing the quality or amount of interaction with others. Who you interact with on a day-to-day basis. Ex. Create mentoring relationships with young associates.
Why are some employees more satisfied than others?
employees are satisfied when their job provides the things that they value.
What is promotion satisfaction?
refers to employees' feelings about the company's promotion policies and their execution, including whether promotions are frequent, fair, and based on ability
What is coworker satisfaction?
refers to employees' feelings about their fellow employees, including whether coworkers are smart, responsible, helpful, fun, and interesting as opposed to lazy, gossipy, unpleasant, and boring
What is pay satisfaction?
refers to employees' feelings about their pay, including whether it's as much as they deserve, secure, and adequate for both normal expenses and luxury items
What is Satisfaction with the work itself?
reflects employees' feelings about their actual work tasks, including whether those tasks are challenging, interesting, respected, and make use of key skills rather than being dull, repetitive, and uncomfortable
What is supervision satisfaction?
reflects employees' feelings about their boss, including whether the boss is competent, polite, and a good communicator (rather than lazy, annoying, and too distant)
What is meaningfulness of work?
reflects the degree to which work tasks are viewed as something that "counts" in the employee's system of philosophies and beliefs
What is knowledge of results of the work activities?
reflects the extent to which employees know how well (or how poorly) they're doing
