Joints

Hip

a ball-and-socket joint.. More stable than the shoulder mainly due to the fact that the :blank: socket is much deeper than the socket of the shoulder joint.

arthroplasty

a surgical procedure that replaces a diseased joint with an artificial device, or prosthesis.

freely movable joints

contain a fluid-filled joint capsule; synovial joints

Elbow

hinge joint consisting of 2 articulations: one between the humerus and the ulna and the second between the humerus and the head of the radius. a single joint capsule encases both articulations. ligaments on either side help stabilize the joint.

Shoulder

humeroscapular joint, glenohumeral joint; ball and socket joint has the greatest range of motion than any joint in the body. More mobile than it is stable, it is supported by a number of muscles, tendons, 5 principle ligaments, and 4 bursae.

arthritis

inflammation of a joint

Purpose of joints

permit movement. allowing the body to walk, run, dance, throw a ball, and even type on a computer.

Joint

point where bones meet

synovial fluid

slippery, viscous fluid that has the consistency of egg whites. lubricates the joint, nourishes the cartilage, and contains phagocytes to remove debris.

joint capsule

structure in the synovial joint; extending from the periosteum of each of the articulating bones is a sheet of connective tissue that encloses the joint cavity.

synovial membrane

structure in the synovial joint; this moist, slippery membrane lines the inside of the joint capsule, where it secretes synovial fluid.

articular cartilage

structure of the synovial joint; a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covers the bone surfaces. In combination with synovial fluid , the :blank: permits friction-free movement.

joint cavity

structure of the synovial joint; the small space between the bones allows for freedom of movement. It also contains synovial fluid.

ligaments

structure of the synovial joint; tough cords of connective tissue help bind the bones more firmly together.

knee injuries

the :blank: has few surrounding muscles it is injured more often than the hip. Its particularly susceptible to blows or sudden stops or turns, making :blank: injuries the most common sports injury. the cartilage has no blood supply and ligaments have little blood supply, these types of injuries heal slowly or not at all.

shoulder dislocation

the :blank: is one of the most likely to suffer a dislocation. its usually the result of a downward-driving force. thats because the rotator cuff protects the joint in every area except inferiorly.

symphysis pubis

where the 2 pubis bones are joined

cartilaginous

Amphiarthroses -- two bones joined by cartilage and are slightly movable.

joint replacement

In a _____________, the heads of long bones are replaced with a prosthesis made of a metal alloy, while the joint socket is made of high density polyethylene.

Pivot joint

Type of synovial joint; a projection from one bone articulates with a ring-shaped socket of another bone, allowing the bones to rotate. Found in the dens of the 2nd cervical vertebra turns within a rig-shaped portion of the 1st vertebra, allowing the head to rotate. also, the radioulnar joint, where the head of the radius rotates within the groove of the ulna.

Condyloid Joint

Type of synovial joint; an oval convex surface on one bone fits into a similarly shaped depression on another. Examples include the articulation of the distal end of the radius with the carpal bones of the wrist as well as the joints at the base of the fingers.

Gliding Joint

Type of synovial joint; in this joint, the 2 bones surfaces -which are relatively flat- slide over each other. Surrounding ligaments limit the amount of movement, making these the least mobile of all the synovial joints. Examples include: tarsal bones, carpal bones, and the articular process of the vertebrae.

Ball-and-socket joint

Type of synovial joint; the ball shaped head of one bone fits into a cup-like socket of another bone to form this joint to offer the widest range of motion of all joints. Found in shoulder and hip joints.

Saddle Joint

Type of synovial joint; the surfaces of both bones in this joint are shaped like the surface of a :blank: - concave in one direction and convex in the other. When perched on top of each other, this shape allows the bones to move back and forth and from side-to-side motion is limited. Can only be found in the thumb

Hinge Joint

Type of synovial joint; these joints only allow for back-and-forth movements. the convex surface of one bone (such as the humerus) fits into a concave depression on another bone (such as the ulna). Can be found in elbow, the knee, and interphalangeal joints of the fingers and toes.

Osteoarthritis

"wear-and-tear" a common effect of aging. affects over 85% of people over age 70. with age, articular cartilage softens and degenerates, sometimes to the point that bone is exposed to bone, resulting in pain. :blank: most often affects the hips, knees, intervertebral joints, and fingers.

classification of joints

Fixed, semi-movable, and freely movable. Or by what binds them.

synovial joints

Diarthroses -- freely movable. the most numerous and versatile of all the body's joints.

bursa

Small sacs filled with synovial fluid that ease friction in areas where muscles and tendons pass over bony prominences (def: an elevation or projection)

fibrous joints

Synarthroses -- result when collagen fibers from one bone penetrate the adjacent bone, anchoring the bones in place.

Rheumatoid arthritis

an autoimmune disease in which the body's anti-bodies attack the synovial membranes, leading to the degeneration of the articular cartilage and thickening of the synovial membrane. Over time the disease may destroy the synovial membrane and calcify the joint. Causes pain and joint deformity along with systemic symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and anemia. physical therapy can help control symptoms.

fixed joints

are bound by fibers; fibrous joints

joints containing bursa

the knee, shoulder, and elbow

dislocation

the total displacement of a bone from its joint

Knee

tibiofemoral joint, largest and most complex joint in the body containing 13 bursae that serve as pads around the :blank: joint. also contains: condyles of the femur, 2 collateral ligaments (the fibular ligament and tibial ligament), PCL & ACL "X", lateral meniscus & medial meniscus.