Joseph Chapter 1

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32. What is the first step in market segmentation? A. describe each group B. group customers with similar needs sets C. identify product-related need sets D. select an attractive segment to serve E. set objectives for segmenting

C. identify product-related need sets

Which of the following statements is true regarding ethnic subcultures?

All subcultures are very diverse, and general descriptions do not apply to all of the members

Which subculture is the most diverse group, with numerous nationalities, languages, and religions?

Asian Americans

Malcolm is studying subcultures in the United States. He is trying to identify the subculture that has the highest education levels and median household incomes. Which ethnic group meets these criteria?

Asian/Pacific Islander

A hierarchical division of a society into relatively distinct and homogeneous groups with respect to attitudes, values, and lifestyles is known as a _____. A) social stratum B) social class system C) caste system D) social continuum E) societal ranking

A shift back to an emphasis on postponed gratification in American would most likely _____. A) increase the use of credit B) decrease the use of credit C) alter the timing of television commercials D) expand the use of Internet shopping E) none of the above

A shift from a focus on sensual gratification to abstinence in America would most likely affect _____. A) the role of price in purchase decisions B) the types of advertising themes used C) the complexity of decision rules used in purchase decisions D) the diffusion of Internet shopping E) none of the above

A(n) _____ is a group of persons who have experienced a common social, political, historical, and economic environment. A) census age group B) age cohort C) cognitive group D) chronological group E) demographic group

Barbara is a great grandmother with a few health problems that require her to live in assisted-living housing. However, she does not let her physical and economic limitations affect her self-esteem. She remains independent, socializes in several seniors' groups, and still likes to remain stylish in her dress. Barbara would be classified as a(n) _____. A) Healthy Hermit B) Ailing Outgoer C) Ailing Hermit D) Frail Recluse E) Healthy Indulger

Consumers 55 years of age and over constitute the _____ market. A) baby boom B) mature C) generational D) gerontological E) aging

Earl did not complete high school and works as a janitor at two jobs. His income is very low, and he does not possess any skills to help him get a better paying job. Which social class best describes Earl? A) lower-lower class B) upper-lower class C) working class D) lower-middle class E) middle class

Elsie and her two sisters are all in their mid- to late-sixties. They are part of the _____ market. A) boom B) mature C) generational D) gerontological E) aging

Generation Y is sometimes referred to as the _____. A) baby bust generation B) echo boom C) boomerangs D) baby boomlet E) step-boomers

70. Which approach to conflict resolution misrepresents the facts in order to win? A. bargaining B. use of authority C. impression management D. playing on emotion E. reasoning

C. impression management

With respect to advertising, _____ can involve themes designed to encourage current owners to talk about the brand or prospective owners to ask current owners for their impressions. A. simulating B. stimulating C. parroting D. modeling E. slice of life

B. stimulating

Which group classification variable refers to the closeness and intimacy of the group linkages? A. membership B. strength of social tie C. number of members D. type of contract E. attraction

B. strength of social tie

40. The segment(s) within the larger market on which an organization will focus its marketing effort is referred to as the _____. A. need set B. target market C. customer set D. strategic market E. primary market

B. target market

78. In children's information processing, the period of preoperational thought is characterized by _____. A. an absence of conceptual thought B. the development of language C. the development of the ability to apply logical thought to concrete problems D. the development of the ability to apply logic to all types of problems E. none of the above

B. the development of language

12. Which type of family consists of a married couple and their own or adopted children living at home? A. nontraditional family B. traditional family C. blended family D. stepfamily E. combination family

B. traditional family

13. Barry and Laurie have been married for almost twenty years, and this is the first marriage for both of them. They have two children living at home. Which type of family is this? A. nontraditional family B. traditional family C. blended family D. stepfamily E. combination family

B. traditional family

69. Karen and her kids were hungry and were trying to decide where to eat for dinner. After several minutes of bickering, Karen decided where they were going to go. Her children balked at her decision and asked why she got to decide, and she said, "Because I'm your mother and I said so!" Which approach did Karen use to resolve this family conflict? A. bargaining B. use of authority C. impression management D. playing on emotion E. reasoning

B. use of authority

52. While Katie and Matthew are the children in the family, they do influence the alternatives considered for their family's summer vacation. What role do Katie and Matthew play in this family decision? A. initiators B. information gatherers C. influencers D. decision makers E. purchasers

C. influencers

26. When a couple has children, expenditures on which of the following do NOT usually decrease? A. alcoholic beverages B. meals out C. health care D. personal care products E. adult apparel

C. health care

Jamie wants to purchase a notebook computer, but she has limited product knowledge about computers other than how to turn one on and use it. She expects to pay over $1,000 for this computer, so this is an important decision for her and she wants to make the right choice. For Jamie, this represents a(n)_____. A. enduring purchase situation B. marketing dilemma C. high-involvement purchase situation D. consumer dilemma E. Asch phenomenon

C. high-involvement purchase situation

Valerie and her family are members of the Baptist Church. They have accepted the Baptist Church's values as their own and behave in a manner consistent with the Church's values because their values and the Church's values are the same. Which type of influence does the Church possess with respect to Valerie and her family? A. informational B. exemplary C. identification D. utilitarian E. affective

C. identification

Which type of reference group influence occurs when individuals have internalized the group's values and norms? A. informational B. normative C. identification D. utilitarian E. affective

C. identification

74. Which of the following statements is true regarding the overall model of consumer behavior? A. It is sufficiently detailed so as to predict particular behaviors. B. Family and culture are internal influences on consumer behavior. C. Personality, emotions, and attitudes represent external influences on consumer behavior. D. A consumer's self-concept and lifestyle influence his or her needs and desires. E. Experiences and acquisitions have little effect on the process.

D. A consumer's self-concept and lifestyle influence his or her needs and desires.

62. Which outcome of marketing strategy produces the revenue necessary for the firm to continue in business? A. customer satisfaction B. product position C. consumption D. social welfare E. sales and profits

E. sales and profits

68. Which is NOT a step in the consumer's decision process? A. information search B. postpurchase processes C. problem recognition D. alternative evaluation and selection E. self-concept analysis

E. self-concept analysis

9. Mia is concerned how her marketing activities will affect individual consumers as well as society at large. Mia is implementing _____. A. conscientious marketing B. regulated marketing C. ethical marketing D. proactive marketing E. social marketing

E. social marketing

11. Ashley and her husband just had their first child. Ashley was married previously, and her two young children from that marriage also live with Ashley and her current husband. Which type of family is this? A. nontraditional family B. traditional family C. multigenerational family D. secondary family E. stepfamily

E. stepfamily

Brand managers at Tommy Hilfiger, a famous brand of clothing, are increasing their efforts to reach the Hispanic teen market. Which of the following would have the greatest impact on this market by helping Hispanic bicultural teens differentiate from the U.S. mainstream?

Stress an urban and spanglish twist on their brands

_____ is based on the cost of a standard market basket of products bought in each country. A) Adjusted gross income (AGI) B) Gross domestic product (GDP) C) Per capita income (PCI) D) Purchasing power parity (PPP) E) Cross-cultural purchasing power (CPP)

According the Pew Hispanic Center, which generation of Hispanic adults is born in the United States to U.S.-born parents, has the highest education and income levels, is most likely to identify themselves as Americans, is most likely to have English as the primary language, and is somewhat less likely to ascribe to traditional values?

Third generation adults

Gertrude expresses deeply felt environmental concerns and tailors everything she does and purchases on these beliefs. Which segment of environmental activism best describes Gertrude? A) True Naturals B) New Green Mainstream C) Young Recyclers D) Affluent Healers E) Concerned

Harold was born in 1923. He entered young adulthood during World War II, and served in the Navy during that war. He has witnessed radical social, economic, and technological change in his lifetime. To which generation does he belong? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

Individuals born before 1930 belong to which generation? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

28. A portion of a larger market whose needs differ somewhat from the larger market is referred to as a(n) _____. A. market segment B. niche C. subgroup D. ancillary market E. secondary market

A. market segment

48. A family purchase decision differs from an organizational decision in _____. A. the level of emotion involved B. the involvement of multiple people in the decision C. the absence of time pressure D. the fact that different people play different roles in the purchase E. all of the above

A. the level of emotion involved

74. Which of the following refers to how children learn with respect to consumption? A. the process of consumer socialization B. the rate of consumer socialization C. the impact of consumer socialization D. the content of consumer socialization E. the influence of consumer socialization

A. the process of consumer socialization

19. Marketing strategy is formulated in terms of the marketing mix; that is, it involves determining the product, features, price, communications, distribution, and services that will provide customers with superior value. This entire set of characteristics is often referred to as the _____. A. total product B. customer value C. offering D. value proposition E. total value

A. total product

Normative influence is sometimes referred to as _____ influence. A. utilitarian B. coercive C. functional D. value-expressive E. conformist

A. utilitarian

In which of the following consumption situations will a reference group's influence be strongest? A. when the use of the product or brand is visible to the group B. when the product is a necessity C. when the consumer is confident in the purchase situation D. when the individual's commitment to the group is low E. when the reference group is large

A. when the use of the product or brand is visible to the group

25. Julie and Bart are both in their late 20s and recently married. They have no children and are learning how to make joint decisions. Recent purchase/service decisions were related to household furnishings, a washer and dryer, and insurance coverage. Which stage of the household life cycle are they experiencing? A. young married B. full nest C. empty nest D. introduction E. growth

A. young married

Amal immigrated from Jordan and has become a U.S. citizen. To which ethnic subculture does Amal belong?

Arab American

Which of the following was the source of the most immigrants into the United States in 2007?

Asia

The boundaries that culture sets on behavior are called _____. A) rules B) norms C) prescriptions D) precepts E) sanctions

Which value relates to tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance? A) youth/age B) risk taking/security C) individual/collective D) masculine/feminine E) diversity/uniformity

In experiments, the power of groups to influence an individual to agree with the incorrect judgment of the others is known as the _____. A. group effect B. Asch phenomenon C. Skinner effect D. Pavlov phenomenon E. follower effect

B. Asch phenomenon

_____ is defined as the exponential expansion of word-of-mouth. A. Dispersion B. Buzz C. Infection D. Gossip E. Dissemination

B. Buzz

2. _____ is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experiences, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. A. Marketing B. Consumer behavior C. Psychographics D. Demographics E. Psychology

B. Consumer behavior

53. _____ is everything the consumer must surrender in order to receive the benefits of owning/using the product. A. Value B. Consumer cost C. Price D. Opportunity cost E. Value proposition

B. Consumer cost

Social media is part of an online revolution online, sometimes referred to as: A. online communities B. Web 2.0 C. social network sites D. consumer review sites E. blogging

B. Web 2.0

63. John purchases and is satisfied with his SUV because he believes that it provides greater crash safety than a sedan even though this is not technically true. John's satisfaction is based on the distinction between _____. A. primary need fulfillment and secondary need fulfillment B. actual need fulfillment and perceived need fulfillment C. initial need fulfillment and repeat need fulfillment D. articulated need fulfillment and unarticulated need fulfillment E. attribute fulfillment and benefit fulfillment

B. actual need fulfillment and perceived need fulfillment

60. A product's position refers to _____. A. its shelf location in retail stores B. an image of the product in the consumer's mind relative to competing products C. its price relative to other products in the firm's product line D. its price relative to competitors' products E. its stage in the product development process

B. an image of the product in the consumer's mind relative to competing products

Erin is 12 years old. While label is appropriate for Erin? A) little kid B) big kid C) tween D) teenager E) young adult

_____ is consumers' efforts to reduce their reliance on consumption and material possessions. A) Downsizing B) Dematerialization C) Voluntary simplicity D) Demarketing E) Voluntary withdrawal

_____ is the complex whole that includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans as members of society. A) Reference group B) Government C) Culture D) Authority E) Gestalt

When purchasing an innovation, individual consumers presumably go through a series of distinct steps or stages known as the _____. A. product life cycle B. consumer life cycle C. adoption process D. consumption process E. diffusion of innovations

C. adoption process

37. What is a major difference between the full nest II and delayed full nest I stages of the household life cycle? A. income B. age of the parents C. age of the children D. number of children E. years married

C. age of the children

69. Which of the following is an internal influence on consumer behavior? A. culture B. family C. attitudes D. marketing activities E. reference groups

C. attitudes

Two or more individuals who share a set of norms, values, or beliefs and have certain implicity or explicitly defined relationships to one another such that their behaviors are interdependent is know as a(n) ___ A. family B. organization C. group D. cohort E. generation

C. group

39. Teri and Ed are in their 40s, are childless, and were married for 15 years but are now divorced. However, Teri has always wanted children, so she adopted a daughter, who is now two years old. To which stage of the household life cycle do Teri and her daughter belong? A. single parent I B. divorced parent I C. single parent II D. full nest I E. delayed full nest I

C. single parent II

Henry was born in the United States, but his parents were born in China. He was brought up to be subordinate to his father and his elders, and, when he marries, he will expect his wife to be subordinate to him. Henry is influenced by _____.

Confucianism

Most Asian Americans come from home cultures influenced by _____, which emphasizes subordination of the son to the father, the younger to the elder, and the wife to the husband.

Confucianism

Which segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research is mature and content with life, tends to be followers not leaders, and are not status conscious?

Contented

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding youth and age? A) Mature spokespersons would tend to be more successful in Asian cultures because they have traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age. B) Arab countries are becoming increasingly youth oriented. C) American society is youth oriented. D) Children in all countries have a significant influence on purchases. E) China's policy of limiting families to one child has produced a strong focus on the child.

64. Regarding the balance of family purchase roles, which of the following traditionally male dominated categories is/are tipping toward the wife? A. TV remote control B. household finances C. family weekend activities D. a and b E. all of the above

D. a and b

14. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the decline in traditional families? A. an increase in single parent households as a result of divorce B. an increase in single individuals as the median age of marriage is delayed C. an increase in sole survivors as our population ages D. a change in the way the Census Bureau has defined "traditional family" E. all of the above are reasons for the decline in traditional families

D. a change in the way the Census Bureau has defined "traditional family"

Which of the following is an online "pass-it-along" strategy? A. online guides B. dispersion C. blogs D. viral marketing E. e-gossip

D. viral marketing

Clara had an unpleasant experience at a local restaurant at lunch one day. She went back to work and told all her coworkers about this experience, and many of them said they would never go back to that restaurant. Which type of communication is this an example of? A. negative B. two-step flow C. multistep flow D. word-of-mouth E. indirect

D. word-of-mouth

Which of the following is an important means of reaching virtually all of the native-language speakers of any nationality nationwide?

Direct broadcast satellite (DBS)

Which of the following is a segment of female consumers? A) Traditional housewife B) Trapped housewife C) Trapped working woman D) Career working woman E) all of the above

Which of the following is a characteristic of a consumption subculture? A. an identifiable, hierarchical social structure B. a set of shared beliefs or values C. unique jargon, rituals, and modes of symbolic expression D. a and b E. a, b, and c

E. a, b, and c

21. A shopper who cares about brand-name merchandise and convenience is known as a ________ shopper. A. destination B. brand C. basic D. enthusiast E. serious

E. serious

Which of the following are the most commonly described subcultures?

Ethic group

According to the Pew Hispanic Center, which generation of Hispanic adults is born in the United States to immigrant parents, is more likely than the previous generation to identify themselves as Americans, is equally split between bilinguals and English as their primary language, and is somewhat less likely to ascribe to traditional values?

First generation adults

Jose was born in Mexico and came to the United States in 1975. He still speaks primarily Spanish, has not graduated from high school and works as a day laborer in the agricultural industry in California. He and his family still possess traditional values which include him making all the decisions for his family's welfare. The Pew Hispanic Center would identify Jose as which generation of Hispanic adults?

First generation adults

Which of the following is the largest ethnic subculture in the United States?

Hispanic

Which of the following ethnic group is predicted to have the youngest median age in the United States in the year 2010?

Hispanics

Which of the following is NOT a country from which Arab Americans come?

Israel

Which African American market segment identified by Market Segment Research has a low education and income level, is price conscious, and is pessimistic about the future?

Living Day to Day

Which of the following magazines is NOT in the Black Men's Top 10?

Maxim

Which religion heavily influences the Hispanic culture?

Roman Catholicism

Mexican Americans tend to live in which region of the United States?

Southwest and California

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding African American Internet usage?

The percentage of college-educated African Americans who use the Internet is the same as the general population.

Which segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research is composed of active, status-conscious professionals who are financially secure and optimistic about the future?

Upwardly Mobile

The degree to which an immigrant has adapted to his or her new culture is known as ___

acculturation

Bicultural Hispanic teens tend to ____.

feel more pressure to blend in and "be American" than their parents

What are the two distinct segments of African Americans identified by Yankelovich?

market leaders and market followers

7. Thomas wants to gain a usable understanding of consumer behavior in order to help him become a more effective marketing manager. Which application of consumer behavior does this represent? A. marketing strategy B. regulatory policy C. social marketing D. informed consumers E. resource management

A. marketing strategy

18. Harold is tasked with developing the marketing strategy for his family's business. What should he do first? A. segment the market B. conduct a market analysis C. decide on which segments to target D. develop the marketing mix E. set objectives

B. conduct a market analysis

By 2030, what percentage of the U.S. population will be made up of non-European ethnic groups?

One's position relative to others on one or more dimensions valued by society is known as one's _____. A) societal rank B) social status C) social standing D) social sphere E) social realm

A culture that tends to view time as being less discrete and less subject to scheduling, views simultaneous involvement in many activities as natural, allows activities to occur at their own pace rather than according to a predetermined timetable is adhering to a _____ time perspective. A) polychronic B) monochronic C) linear D) parallel E) simultaneous

A culture's overall orientation toward time is known as its _____. A) time perspective B) time meaning C) uses and gratifications D) time symbolism E) time relationship

A household's purchasing power is a function of which of the following? A) income and accumulated wealth B) age and gender C) income and education D) occupation and income E) social class and education

According to the authors, American culture increasingly values _____. A) diversity B) uniformity C) collectivity D) fatalism E) none of the above

Age, gender, education, occupation, and income are examples of _____ variables. A) demographic B) holographic C) geographic D) psychographic E) censographics

Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population has completed college? A) 27% B) 43% C) 50% D) 75% E) 87%

Generation X is also referred to as the _____ generation. A) baby bust B) baby boomlet C) mini baby boom D) echo boom E) boomerang

Health Valley is a brand of food, such as breakfast cereals, that uses all natural and organic ingredients. Moreover, they only purchase grain from organic farms. They state on their packages that "organic farming helps keep our food pure and protects our land and water from harmful substances. By supporting dozens of small organic farms, Health Valley helps protect a way of life for these family farmers, and helps ensure a safer and healthier Earth for you and your children." This is an example of _____. A) green marketing B) clean marketing C) environmental marketing D) activist marketing E) cause-related marketing

Howard Industries is a computer manufacturer located in Laurel, MS. This company is interested in expanding internationally. Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy that Howard Industries needs to be aware of? A) nonverbal communications B) natural resources C) economic conditions D) exchange rates E) all of the above

Jenny is interested in understanding the behavior of consumers that are classified as working in technical, clerical, or sales occupations. Which of the following products is this group LEAST likely to purchase? A) domestic beer B) cigarettes C) diet colas D) laptop/notebook computers E) all of the above

John and his wife love art and travel the world to purchase artwork that is representative of a country's culture. Which type of materialism does this represent? A) terminal B) instrumental C) cultural D) primary E) secondary

John doubts the sincerity of marketers who claim that they will donate to a cause if he purchases their product. He doesn't believe that they will make a difference because he thinks that marketers are only concerned with profits and probably only donate a small portion of their profits to the stated cause. John is best described as belonging to which group of consumers? A) Skeptic B) Balancer C) Attribution-oriented D) Socially concerned E) Apathetic

Juan is interested in knowing occupational influences on purchases of laptop computers. Which of the following occupations are most likely to purchase this type of product? A) administrative/managerial B) technical/clerical/sales C) precision/craft D) medical E) construction/laborer

Leigh is working on a research project for her marketing class, and her assignment is to study how Americans' values with respect to consumer behavior have changed in the past 50 years. Which of the following would give her the best insight into these changes? A) advertising B) stock reports C) Supreme Court cases D) government documents E) postage stamps

Maria is analyzing the baby boom generation by describing and explaining their attitudes, values, and behaviors as well as predicting its future, attitudes, values, and behaviors. Maria is conducting a _____ analysis. A) cohort B) generational C) demographic D) census E) cognitive

Marketers have responded to Americans' increasing concern for the environment with an approach called _____. A) green marketing B) clean marketing C) environmental marketing D) activist marketing E) cause-related marketing

Norms are derived from _____. A) cultural values B) laws C) education D) international protocol E) law enforcement officials

Sam is a healthy 75 year old man. He is a retired attorney, has a substantial retirement income, and is a member of several social groups that travel, help others, and encourage life-long learning. Which of the following is most likely true about Sam? A) Sam's cognitive age is less than 75. B) Sam's cognitive age is 75. C) Sam's cognitive age is greater than 75. D) Sam's cognitive age is 50. E) Sam's cognitive age is 85.

Sarah's job at a major manufacturer of consumer package goods is to learn as much as possible about the knowledge, beliefs, art, law, morals, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by humans in a given country in which her company intends to expand. Her job, then, is to understand a country's _____. A) culture B) society C) government D) way of doing things E) economic environment

Target stores give one percent of a customer's purchase to a school of their choice if they use a Target Visa credit card to pay for their purchases. Target will also donate one-half percent of all other purchases made on that card. This is an example of _____. A) cause-related marketing B) green marketing C) nonprofit marketing D) image marketing E) corporate marketing

The manager of a brand of trash bags that is degradable and better for the environment wants to make that claim on the package and in its advertising. According to the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) guidelines for green claims, what must this marketer do to be able to label the product as "environmentally safe" or "environmentally friendly"? A) Labels making these claims must specify what portion of the product is being referred to. B) Marketers must first get permission from the FTC. C) In addition to getting permission from the FTC, marketers must also get permission from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). D) Labels making these claims must specify in exactly what way the product is "environmentally safe" or "environmentally friendly." E) Reference to scientific research supporting such claims must be made available to consumers.

The population of the United States is almost 300 million people. With respect to demographics, this number represents _____. A) size B) structure C) dispersion D) density E) concentration

Those who work in such professions as architecture, science, engineering, and health care and business who generate new ideas and technologies for a living or engage in complex problem solving are referred to as _____. A) the creative class B) social engineers C) the developers D) trend setters E) true naturals

Using one marketing strategy across various cultures is referred to as _____. A) standardization B) optimization C) cross-culturalization D) marketing imperialism E) cross-fertilization

What is the basis for virtually all societies? A) family unit B) government C) schools D) religion E) workplace

What is the largest single influence on the movement toward uniformity in the teenage market? A) mass media B) education C) work D) travel E) religion

What percentage of American adults exercise regularly? A) less than 50% B) 50% C) 60% D) 75% E) more than 75%

Which changing American value has been a major force in maintaining a relatively strong economy? A) the shift toward immediate gratification B) the shift toward a more religious society C) the shift toward voluntary simplicity D) the shift toward becoming more active E) the shift away from being fatalistic

Which group of consumers doubts the sincerity or effectiveness of cause-related marketing programs? A) Skeptic B) Balancer C) Attribution-oriented D) Socially concerned E) Apathetic

Which index is published by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation and measures how equitably a company treats its GLBT (Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender) employees, customers, and investors? A) corporate equality index (CEI) B) corporate GLBT index C) corporate identity index (CII) D) gay rights index (GRI) E) green index

Which is NOT a reason why Americans work long hours? A) minimum wage is higher the more hours worked B) because of their material orientation C) because they may lack skills or job opportunities to provide even a moderate lifestyle without doing so D) work is meaningful and valuable to them E) all of the above are reasons why Americans work long hours

Which is a product or service that often needs modification when targeting gay consumers? A) financial services B) automobiles C) furniture D) interior decorating E) all of the above

Which of the following has NOT been found to be a motive for choosing to become a vegetarian? A) economics B) moral C) gustatory D) health E) ecological

Which of the following is NOT a factor that creates problems in literal translations and slang expressions? A) differences in the direction in which written words are read B) symbolic meanings associated with words C) absence of some words from various languages D) difficulty of pronouncing certain words E) all of the above are factors that create problems in literal translations and slang expressions

Which of the following is a segmentation approach to the mature market that incorporates aging processes and life events related to the physical health and mental outlook of older consumers? A) Gerontographics B) Cognitive psychology C) Demographics D) Ageographics E) Censographics

Which of the following is an example of a self-oriented value? A) religious/secular B) individual/collective C) risk taking/security D) tradition/change E) diversity/uniformity

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding Americans' environment-oriented values? A) Americans have long valued cleanliness. B) Americans traditionally have not been very receptive to change. C) American's risk-taking orientation seems to be moving more toward taking risks. D) Traditionally, nature was viewed as an obstacle. E) Americans are shifting back to a focus on performance rather than status.

Which segment of mature consumers is mentally and physically active, both spouses are generally still alive, has prepared for retirement both financially and psychologically, is basically content and set to enjoy life, has traded down to a smaller home, likes convenience, personal service, and high-tech home appliances, and is a strong market for travel? A) Healthy Indulgers B) Ailing Indulgers C) Ailing Outgoers D) Frail Recluses E) Healthy Hermits

Which social class has low incomes and minimal education, may be unemployed for long periods of time, and is the major recipient of government support and services provided by non-profit organizations? A) lower-lower class B) upper-lower class C) working class D) lower-middle class E) middle class

Which term describes consumers' purchase and use of automobiles, homes, yachts, clothes, and so forth primarily to demonstrate their great wealth? A) conspicuous consumption B) outrageous consumption C) obnoxious consumption D) nouveaux consumption E) "blue blood" consumption

Which type of marketing ties a company and its products to an issue or cause with the goal of improving sales or corporate image while providing benefits to the cause? A) cause-related marketing B) green marketing C) nonprofit marketing D) image marketing E) corporate marketing

Willie and Harriet, married for over 30 years, are both in their late 60s and are healthy and physically active. They have prepared for retirement both financially and psychologically, have sold their large five bedroom home for a smaller two bedroom condominium, and take group vacations twice a year. To which segment of mature consumers would Willie and Harriet belong? A) Healthy Indulgers B) Ailing Indulgers C) Ailing Outgoers D) Frail Recluses E) Healthy Hermits

_____ are rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations. A) Norms B) Precepts C) Sanctions D) Prescriptions E) Values

_____ are the arbitrary meanings a culture assigns actions, events, and things other than words. A) Nonverbal communication systems B) Values C) Sub-cultures D) Semiotics E) Perspectives

_____ tend to feel they don't have control over the outcome of events. A) Fatalists B) Individualists C) Collectivists D) Females E) Males

_____ values reflect a society's view of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups within that society. A) Other-oriented B) Environment-oriented C) Self-oriented D) Externally-oriented E) Internally-oriented

Which of the following is a segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research?

A. Contented B. Upwardly Mobile C. Living for the Moment D. Living Day to Day

Stephen is 19 years old and is a participant in social media in that he creates content of his own--Web pages, blogs, video and video uploads to places like YouTube. Which category of social media is Stephen? A. Creator B. Critic C. Joiner D. Spectator E. Inactive

A. Creator

76. _____ represents how one lives, including the products one buys, how one uses them, what one thinks about them, and how one feels about them. A. Lifestyle B. Self-concept C. Position D. Status E. Social class

A. Lifestyle

55. Which element of the marketing mix is concerned with having the product available where target customers can buy it? A. product B. price C. distribution D. communications E. placement

C. distribution

22. Which HLC group is basically the unmarried members of the Generation Yers? A. Single I B. Single II C. Single III D. Single X/Y E. Empty nest

A. Single I

24. Mike is a 23 year old recent college graduate and is starting his career as a pharmaceutical sales representative. He will be living in an extended-stay hotel in the city where he will undergo training, but once he finishes that, he plans on renting a nice apartment with a friend of his from college. He also wants to purchase a sports car and save money for a ski vacation next year. To which stage of the household life cycle does Mike belong? A. Single I B. Single II C. Beginning D. Introduction E. Growth

A. Single I

8. _____ is the application of marketing strategies and tactics to alter or create behaviors that have a positive effect on the targeted individuals or society as a whole. A. Social marketing B. Consumer behavior C. Regulation D. Proactive marketing E. Ethical marketing

A. Social marketing

46. The horizontal axis in the HLC/occupational category matrix represents _____, which provides a range of acceptable solutions. A. a set of occupational categories B. the number of children in the household C. the household income D. stage in the household life cycle E. current economic conditions

A. a set of occupational categories

77. In children's information processing, the period of sensorimotor intelligence is characterized by _____. A. an absence of conceptual thought B. the development of language C. the development of the ability to apply logical thought to concrete problems D. the development of the ability to apply logic to all types of problems E. none of the above

A. an absence of conceptual thought

A non-geographically bound community, based on a set of social relationships among owners of a brand and the psycological relationship they have with the brand itself, the product in use, and the firm is known as a ___. A. brand community B. cohort group C. purchase consortium D. clone grouo E. census track

A. brand community

26. Which of the following is NOT evaluated when analyzing a company's own ability to meet customer needs? A. competitors B. financial strengths C. general managerial skills D. production capabilities E. reputation

A. competitors

Todd purchased a Harley-Davidson motorcycle because he identifies himself with what he feels is the typical owner of a Harley. Many other owners of this brand also feel this way, and they get upset when they see someone riding one who they think is not the "right" kind of person to own this brand. Which characteristic of brand communities does this illustrate? A. consciousness of kind B. rituals and traditions C. moral responsibility D. similarity E. brand fanaticism

A. consciousness of kind

Adoption of which type of innovation requires relatively minor changes in behavior or changes in behaviors that are unimportant to the consumer? A. continuous innovation B. dynamically continuous innovation C. discontinuous innovation D. technological innovation E. nontechnological innovation

A. continuous innovation

When consumer input is requested by firms online it is called: A. crowdsourcing B. response generating C. input requesting D. data sourcing E. consumer inputting

A. crowdsourcing

There are several Asian American markets, based primarily on nationality and language. Each of these in turn can be further segmented on _____.

A. degree of acculturation B. social class C. generation D. lifestyle

6. A _____ has at least two members related by birth, marriage, or adoption, one of whom is the householder (i.e., the one who owns or rents the residence). A. family household B. blended family household C. consumption unit D. household E. nontraditional family household

A. family household

33. Tony and Katie are in their 50s, and both have careers that keep them very busy. However, their children are grown, so they have more free time and money than they used to have. Which type of product or service are they likely to spend LESS money on than they have in the past? A. food at home B. expensive vacations C. meals out D. house-cleaning E. luxury cars

A. food at home

Tara is a marketing professor and is a member of the American Marketing Association. The members of this organization are associated with the discipline of marketing, either as academicians or practitioners. The purpose of this organization is to disseminate research about marketing, to share best practices, and to foster the professional development of marketers. The American Marketing Associate is an example of ___. A. group B. cohort C. generation D. primary group E. consumer group

A. group

In which situation is the likelihood of an individual seeking an opinion leader high? A. high product/purchase involvement and low product knowledge B. high product/purchase involvement and high product knowledge C. low product/purchase involvement and low product knowledge D. low product/purchase involvement and high product knowledge E. low product/purchase involvement and either high or low product knowledge

A. high product/purchase involvement and low product knowledge

The relatively faster growth rate of non-European groups in the United States is due to their _____

A. higher birthrates B. greater immigration

17. Most families pass through an orderly progression of stages, each with its own characteristics, financial situation, and purchasing patterns, which is the basic assumption underlying the _____ approach. A. household life cycle (HLC) B. product life cycle (PLC) C. brand life cycle (BLC) D. inevitable cycle (IC) E. predictable cycle (PC)

A. household life cycle (HLC)

59. Hank and Carol have been married for over 20 years, and in that time they have purchased six automobiles. Hank is the one who usually does all the research and decides what they can afford, while Carol just gets involved when it's time to decide among a few alternatives, and she really only cares about the comfort and styling. Which of the following category of family decision making does this illustrate? A. husband-dominant B. wife-dominant C. individualized D. single role E. dual role

A. husband-dominant

50. The family member who first recognizes a need or starts the purchase process is known as the _____. A. initiator B. information gatherer C. influencer D. decision maker E. user

A. initiator

51. Stan has noticed that his car is not working properly and that it is getting expensive to repair. Thus, he gathered his family together to discuss the purchase of a new automobile. In terms of family purchase roles, which one best describes Stan's actions? A. initiator B. information gatherer C. influencer D. decision maker E. user

A. initiator

65. Bob and his friends go out every weekend and drink until they get drunk. Then they drive home in that condition. Which type of consumption does this represent? A. injurious consumption B. severe consumption C. conspicuous consumption D. unethical consumption E. anti-social consumption

A. injurious consumption

Which adopter group represents the first 2.5 percent to adopt an innovation? A. innovators B. early adopters C. early majority D. late majority E. laggards

A. innovators

89. Claire is six years old and begged her mother for a Barbie doll that she saw ice skating in a television commercial. Her mother explained to her that the doll won't be able to ice skate and that she will have to make the doll move. She was trying to explain to Claire that the toys she sees in advertisements are probably going to look more fun than they actually are. Claire's mother is exhibiting _____. A. mediation B. interpretation C. modeling D. terminal training E. interference

A. mediation

47. To be successful, a product must _____. A. meet the needs of the target market better than the competition does B. be lower priced than competitors' products C. be of higher quality than competitors' products D. be advertised more than competitors' products E. have greater distribution than the competition does

A. meet the needs of the target market better than the competition does

30. Which stage of the household life cycle is made up of people between the ages of 35 and 64 who have never married and those who are divorced and have no child-rearing responsibilities? A. middle-aged single (or single II) B. middle-aged childless C. empty nest I D. empty nest II E. single III

A. middle-aged single (or single II)

31. Bobbie is 47 years old, has never been married, and does not have any children of her own. She lives alone and doesn't like to cook because most recipes feed more than one person. She can only eat so many leftovers, and she usually forgets about it if she freezes to eat at a later date. So she purchases frozen dinners and canned food that come in single servings. To which stage of the household life cycle does Bobbie belong? A. middle-aged single (or single II) B. middle-aged empty nest C. empty nest I D. empty nest II E. single III

A. middle-aged single (or single II)

16. Janet is a 60 year old secretary with a retired husband and 30 year old unemployed son who lives at home. Janet's 90 year old widowed mother May, who is disabled, has lived with the family for six years. May's Social Security and Medicare do not adequately cover her living and medical expenses. Which type of family is represented here? A. multigenerational family B. stepfamily C. traditional family D. non-traditional family E. senior family

A. multigenerational family

The U.S. Census reports Native Americans by _____.

A. one tribe only B. one tribe only or in combination with another tribe C. one tribe only or in combination with another tribe plus in combination with any other race

Individuals who filter, interpret, or provide product and brand-relevant information to their family, friends, and colleagues are known as _____. A. opinion leaders B. market mavens C. interpreters D. screeners E. market leaders

A. opinion leaders

61. Rod is surveying consumers to gain a better understanding of his restaurant's image relative to competing restaurants. Rod is concerned with his restaurant's _____. A. position B. equity C. placement D. driver E. satisfaction index

A. position

Angie is a teenage, living at home with her parents and two brothers. Even though she wants to venture out more on her own, her parents will not allow it, and she obeys their wishes. Her family represents a(n) ___ group. A. primary group B. secondary group C. consumer group D. restrictive group E. intimate group

A. primary group

Which type of group includes family and friends and involves strong ties and frequent interaction? A. primary group B. secondary group C. consumer group D. reference group E. intimate group

A. primary group

73. What is the first step in the consumer decision process? A. problem recognition B. budget setting C. information search D. outlet selection E. alternative evaluation and selection

A. problem recognition

Samantha and Greg have owned an MG for several years and enjoy taking road trips through the Rockies with other MG owners every year. Which characteristic of brand communities does this illustrate? A. rituals and traditions B. similarity C. brand traditions D. brand festing E. consumers of kind

A. rituals and traditions

57. Auxiliary or peripheral activities that are performed to enhance the primary product or primary service is referred to as _____. A. service B. supplemental product C. intangible benefits D. secondary product E. ancillary attributes

A. service

34. Which of the following is NOT a step in market segmentation? A. set budget B. identify product-related need sets C. group customers with similar need sets D. describe each group E. select an attractive segment(s) to serve

A. set budget

With respect to advertising, _____ opinion leadership can involve presenting the results of surveys showing that a high percentage of either knowledgeable individuals or typical users recommend the brand. A. simulating B. stimulating C. parroting D. modeling E. faking

A. simulating

While marketers must be sensitive to nationality-based differences, some variables create sufficient cultural homogeneity for most products and advertising campaigns targeted to the Hispanic market. Which of the following is one of those variables?

ALL A.common language B. common religion C. emergence of national Spanish-language media D. emergence of national entertainment figures

How did the movie "Bring It On" become a success with teens? A) It was positioned as a movie about cheerleading. B) It was positioned as a contest between a white cheerleading squad from the suburbs and a black squad from the inner city. C) It was positioned as a love story. D) It positioned the cheerleaders as humans. E) It was positioned as a movie about football rivalry.

In Japan, the exchange of meishi is the most basic of social rituals in a nation where social ritual matters very much. The act of exchanging meishi is weighted with meaning. Once the social minuet is completed, the two know where they stand in relation to each other and their respective statures within the hierarchy of corporate or government bureaucracy. What is "meishi"? A) shaking hands B) exchange of business cards C) introductions by a third party D) formal invitation E) bows

Karen believes in cause-related programs, but she doesn't always act accordingly. That is, she likes to patronize retailers that claim to donate a portion of her purchases to charity, but she only shops there when it is convenient for her to do so. Which consumer group would Karen belong? A) Skeptic B) Balancer C) Attribution-oriented D) Socially concerned E) Apathetic

Marie has purchased a brand that she has purchased before. However, the first time she used this brand, the product failed and she was dissatisfied. Unfortunately, the second time she purchased this brand, the same thing happened. She's frustrated and wants her money back, but she doesn't feel as though she has any control over this situation. She's decided that she just needs to accept this poor quality and not expect so much from the next product she purchases. Marie can be described as a(n) ______. A) individualist B) fatalist C) collectivist D) cooperativist E) other-oriented consumer

Mitch is a vegetarian who does not eat any animal products. He based this lifestyle decision on his love of animals, and he did not want an animal to suffer for his pleasure. On which motive did Mitch base his decision? A) economics B) moral C) gustatory D) health E) ecological

Ralph is very prompt. If he says he will be there at 10:00 a.m., he will be there exactly at that time. Furthermore, he will not begin another task until he is completely done with the one he is currently working on. Which time perspective does Ralph have? A) polychronic B) monochronic C) linear D) parallel E) priority

The WUSA, WNBA, and LPGA have _____. A) succeeded due to America's increased focus on nature B) been a response to the changing role of women in American society C) been slow to grow due to the shift toward more traditional values D) been slow to grow due to women's lack of involvement in general fitness activities E) none of the above

The gay market has been estimated to comprise _____ of the adult U.S. population. A) 1 percent B) 5-7 percent C) 10 percent D) 15-20 percent E) 25 percent

The nearness that others can come to you in various situations without your feeling uncomfortable is known as _____. A) intimate space B) personal space C) sphere of influence D) range of interaction E) interaction space

The upper-middle class achieve their social position primarily _____. A) through their unusually high incomes B) by their occupation and career orientation C) through inherited position D) through their children's accomplishments E) none of the above

The value that Americans place on youth has _____. A) increased dramatically in recent years B) shown a slow reversal toward more value being placed on age in recent years C) decreased dramatically in recent years D) remained unchanged in recent years E) shown a slight increase in recent years

Violation of cultural norms results in _____, or penalties ranging from mild social disapproval to banishment from the group. A) norms B) sanctions C) proclamations D) ostracization E) sentencing

What has been found to improve the results of cause-related marketing programs? A) the amount of money donated B) the fit between the company and the cause C) supporting causes that help children D) supporting causes that help the environment E) longer commitments to supporting a cause

What is the movement called in which companies have expanded opportunities for less affluent consumers to afford luxury? A) mass to class B) class to mass C) more to all D) one for all E) all for one

What two basic approaches are used to measure social status? A) primary and secondary measures B) single-item and multi-item indexes C) position and status measures D) income and occupation indexes E) income and education measures

Which cohort was born between 1930 and 1945? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

Which generation "invented" rock and roll and grew up with music and television as important parts of their lives? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

Which of the following is NOT a reason why the population of the United States has grown steadily since 1960? A) longer life expectancies B) increasing birth rate C) immigration D) baby boomers moving through child-bearing years E) all of the above are reasons why the population of the United States has grown

Which of the following is NOT a segment of mature consumers? A) Healthy Indulgers B) Ailing Indulgers C) Ailing Outgoers D) Frail Recluses E) Healthy Hermits

Which of the following is a current American value? A) uniformity B) active C) religious D) youth E) overcome nature

Which of the following is a segment used to describe consumers with respect to their environmental activism? A) True Blues B) New Green Mainstream C) Ailing Recluse D) Healthy Hermits E) Green Earths

Which of the following is an example of an environment-oriented value? A) active/passive B) tradition/change C) extended/limited family D) masculine/feminine E) material/nonmaterial

Which of the following statements is true regarding Americans' other-oriented values? A) A strong emphasis on collectivism is one of the defining characteristics of American society. B) Since World War II, Americans have increasingly valued diversity. C) The impact that the family has on the individual is great. D) Older people are considered wiser than young people and are looked to as models and leaders in American society. E) America is a cooperative rather than a competitive society.

Which of the following statements is true regarding culture? A) Culture is a relatively simple concept. B) Culture is acquired. C) Culture often provides detailed prescriptions for appropriate behavior. D) The nature of cultural influences is such that we are consciously aware of them. E) all of the above

Which segment of environmental activists are concerned about the environment but alter their actions and purchases only when it is convenient? A) True Naturals B) New Green Mainstream C) Affluent Healers D) Young Recyclers E) Overwhelmed

Which social class consists of individuals who are poorly educated, have very low incomes, and work as unskilled laborers? A) lower-lower class B) upper-lower class C) working class D) lower-middle class E) middle class

With respect to demographics, which of the following refers to the number of individuals in a society? A) distribution B) size C) structure D) dispersion E) concentration

Xavier was born in 1940. He was too young to remember World War II, and he matured during the prosperous years of the 1950s and early 1960s. His favorite singer was, and still is, Elvis Presley. To which generation does he belong? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

____ are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. A) Norms B) Cultural values C) Precepts D) Prescriptions E) Orientations

_____ are based on performance criteria over which the individual has some degree of control. A) Traditional roles B) Achievement roles C) Ascribed roles D) Gender roles E) Selective roles

_____ deals with the mature market and is based on the theory that people change their outlook on life when they experience major life events such as becoming a grandparent, retiring, losing a spouse, or developing chronic health conditions. A) Demographics B) Gerontographics C) Cognitive psychology D) Cohort analysis E) Generational analysis

_____ describe a population in terms of its size, structure, and distribution. A) Economics B) Demographics C) Psychographics D) Geographics E) Lifestyles

_____ is done to enhance the welfare of individuals or society without direct benefit to a firm. A) Cause-related marketing B) Social marketing C) Personal marketing D) Green marketing E) Hybrid marketing

_____ refers to the degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society. A) Cooperation B) Power distance C) Collectivism D) Individualism E) Status

_____ represents generally accepted ways of behaving in social situations. A) Guanxi B) Etiquette C) Demographics D) Culture E) Monochronism

_____ values reflect the objectives and approaches to life that the individual members of society find desirable. A) Other-oriented B) Self-oriented C) Environment-oriented D) Externally-oriented E) Internally-oriented

82. _____ are the knowledge, attitudes, and values that cause people to attach differential evaluations to products, brands, and retail outlets. A. Buying skills B. Consumption-related preferences C. Consumption-related attitudes D. Instrumental attitudes E. Consumer skills

B. Consumption-related preferences

Which categories of participants are the true leaders of conversation and opinion in Web 2.0? A. Critics and Inactives B. Creators and Critics C. Joiners and Creators D. Spectators and Joiners E. Inactives and Spectators

B. Creators and Critics

Which category of Web 2.0 participants are bloggers and post ratings and reviews, and tend to be in their late teens to mid-twenties? A. Creators B. Critics C. Joiners D. Spectators E. Jumpers

B. Critics

67. Todd is fifteen years old and really enjoys using the Internet. Compared to his friends and family, he has greater knowledge about the Web-based marketplace, has more expertise in searching out and finding information and resources on the Web, and really enjoys helping others by providing information found on the Web. Todd is called a(n) _____. A. techie B. Internet maven C. geek D. market maven E. Internet browser

B. Internet maven

34. The trend toward later marriage and children has resulted in which of the following? A. Over 80 percent of all married couples with children under 18 now fall into the middle age HLC categories of delayed full nest I and full nest II. B. Now, 71 percent of all married couples with children under 18 fall into the middle age HLC categories of delayed full nest I and full nest II. C. Now, the empty nest I HLC category does not begin until married couples are over 64 years old. D. The stage of the HLC labeled empty nest I no longer exists. E. Now, 71 percent of all married couples do not experience the empty nest II stage of the HLC.

B. Now, 71 percent of all married couples with children under 18 fall into the middle age HLC categories of delayed full nest I and full nest II.

65. The teen Internet maven's primary role is as _____. A. initiator B. information gatherer C. decision maker D. purchaser E. user

B. information gatherer

Which type of influence occurs when an individual uses the behaviors and opinions of reference group members as potentially useful bits of information? A. transient B. informational C. normative D. identification E. substantive

B. informational

31. Tacoda Systems tracks consumers' online activity and delivers specific banners based on that activity. This tracking and ad delivery system has been installed on almost 3,000 websites, and advertisers pay on a pay-for-performance basis, which means that advertisers pay Tacoda Systems only when a consumer clicks on their ad. The tracking of online activity and delivery of ads based on that activity is called _____. A. click-throughs B. behavioral targeting C. spamming D. blogging E. cookie targeting

B. behavioral targeting

72. The process in which young people acquire skills, knowledge, and attitudes relevant to their functioning as consumers in the marketplaces is known as _____. A. consumer education B. consumer socialization C. consumer programming D. consumer research E. consumer acclimation

B. consumer socialization

83. Scott and his family have always purchased Honda automobiles because they feel that they are the best quality cars on the market. This attitude is an example of a(n) _____. A. coping mechanism B. consumption-related preference C. consumption-related bias D. economic skill E. mediation

B. consumption-related preference

67. Which of the following is NOT a societal outcome of marketing strategy and consumer behavior? A. economic outcomes B. customer satisfaction C. physical environment outcomes D. social welfare E. all of the above are societal outcomes

B. customer satisfaction

14. Laurie saved for six months to have enough money to buy a new designer outfit to wear to a special party. She had to travel to a larger city to purchase this outfit, but it was worth it to her because it made her feel beautiful and confident. The difference between the benefits Laurie perceived from this purchase and the cost to her to acquire these benefits describes her _____. A. consumer behavior B. customer value C. motivation D. equity difference E. perceptual field

B. customer value

Leigh received a digital camera for her birthday. She was able to figure this product out pretty easily because it only required a moderate change in how she used to take pictures. One thing she had to get used to was printing the pictures instead of taking a roll of film to a processor. This is an example of a _______ innovation. A. continuous B. dynamically continuous C. discontinuous D. technological E. nontechnological

B. dynamically continuous

Nonconventional marketing activities that use a limited budget and can increase buzz are known as: A. gorilla tactics B. guerilla marketing C. undercover marketing D. online guides E. e-gossip

B. guerilla marketing

2. What is the basic consumption unit for most consumer goods? A. organization B. household C. individual D. husband E. wife

B. household

6. Which of the following is NOT an application of consumer behavior? A. marketing strategy B. human resource management C. regulatory policy D. informed consumers E. social marketing

B. human resource management

63. Hispanics who identify most strongly with their Hispanic subcultures are most likely to engage in _____. A. wife-dominated decisions B. husband-dominated decisions C. joint decisions D. child-dominated decisions E. none of the above

B. husband-dominated decisions

35. Carlos is attempting to segment the market for his company's products. Where should he begin? A. set objectives B. identify product-related need sets C. group customers with similar need sets D. describe each group E. select an attractive segment(s) to serve

B. identify product-related need sets

35. What is a major difference between delayed full nest I and younger new parents? A. the number of children B. income C. education D. commitment E. years married

B. income

86. Which type of training occurs when a parent or sibling specifically and directly attempts to bring about certain responses through reasoning or reinforcement? A. consumer training B. instrumental training C. modeling D. mediation E. coercion

B. instrumental training

71. Which of these categories is NOT part of the content of consumer learning? A. consumer skills B. learning skills C. consumption-related preferences D. consumption-related attitudes E. all of the above are part of the content of consumer learning

B. learning skills

Rayna provides a significant amount of information to others across a wide array of products, including durables and nondurables, services, and store type. She can provide information on product quality, sales, usual prices, product availability, store personnel characteristics, and other features of relevance to consumers. Rayna is best described as a(n) _____. A. opinion leader B. market maven C. shopping expert D. market leader E. influencer

B. market maven

44. The product, price, communications, distribution, and services provided to the target market is referred to as the _____. A. need set B. marketing mix C. marketing set D. decision set E. value proposition

B. marketing mix

27. As part of developing your company's marketing strategy, you are tasked with analyzing the new-product capabilities, channel strength, advertising abilities, service capabilities, marketing research abilities, and market and consumer knowledge. Which aspect of your company's capabilities are you assessing? A. financial strength B. marketing skills C. general managerial skills D. production capabilities E. reputation

B. marketing skills

Twitter is an example of a _____. A. retailing online ordering service B. micro-blogging tool C. hyperlink to online car auctions D. buzz agent E. a brand community

B. micro-blogging tool

37. Barry is looking for a car that is dependable yet stylish enough to let others know that he has achieved a respectable status in his life and career. He also wants it to be a high-performance automobile. Dependability, status, and performance represent Barry's _____. A. self-image B. need set C. alter ego D. unarticulated needs E. lifestyle

B. need set

8. According to the Census Bureau, a _____ household is a householder living alone or exclusively with others to whom he or she is not related. A. family B. nonfamily C. traditional D. blended E. consumption

B. nonfamily

Amie usually wears a uniform to her Catholic school, but on the first Friday of every month, students can wear other clothes as long as they bring in something for the church's food bank. Amie loves to shop and has plenty of fashionable clothes, but on these free dress days, she usually wears blue jeans, a T-shirt, and athletic shoes. Her mother asked her why she doesn't wear her nice clothes, and Amie told her that she would be made fun of at school. Which type of influence do the other students have on Amie? A. informational B. normative C. identification D. conformist E. punitive

B. normative

Which type of reference group influence occurs when an individual fulfills group expectations to gain a direct reward or to avoid a sanction? A. informational B. normative C. identification D. transient E. permanent

B. normative

Jill is a breast cancer survivor. She posts a blog, which is her online journal, on a site that is specifically for others to share their experiences and support one another. She and others discuss products that help them deal with the side effects of their treatments as well as products that can help them maintain their self-esteem (e.g., wigs). Jill is participating in a(n) _____. A. online consortium B. online community C. consumption subculture D. subversive community E. electronic community

B. online community

Which type of community interacts over time around a topic of interest on the Internet? A. brand community B. online community C. cyber community D. techie community E. geek squad

B. online community

John doesn't know very much about electronic equipment, but he wanted to get his girlfriend an MP3 player for her birthday. His roommate, Hank, knows all about these types of products and made a recommendation to John. For this product category, Hank is known as a(n) _____. A. market maven B. opinion leader C. interpreter D. screener E. market leader

B. opinion leader

72. Liz Claiborne is a brand of clothing, accessories, and home products. Brand managers at this company are trying to learn which internal influences impact their customers' needs and desires most. Which of the following is a possible internal influence these managers should examine? A. culture B. personality C. demographics D. family E. social status

B. personality

Which of the following is NOT a guiding principle for marketing to online communities and social networks? A. become part of the community B. post marketing content so it does not stand out and appears as just another participant in the community, such as a flog C. take advantage of the unique capabilities of each venue D. transparency E. a and d

B. post marketing content so it does not stand out and appears as just another participant in the community, such as a flog

As a marketing major, Stan is a collegiate member of the American Marketing Association. This association holds a collegiate conference every year, and he did attend if one year. While this is a group he belongs to, his ties to other members are relatively weak, and his interaction is infrequent. Which type of group is this? A. primary group B. secondary group C. tertiary group D. cohort group E. work group

B. secondary group

What type of group includes organizations such as professional associations and neighborhood associations that involve relatively weak ties and less frequent interaction among its members? A. primary group B. secondary group C. tertiary group D. cohort group E. work group

B. secondary group

33. What is the LAST step in market segmentation? A. describing each group B. selecting an attractive segment(s) to serve C. identifying product-related need sets D. grouping customers with similar need sets E. deciding the segmenting scheme

B. selecting an attractive segment(s) to serve

75. The totality of an individual's thoughts and feelings about him- or herself is known as _____. A. lifestyle B. self-concept C. internal influences D. external influences E. consumption outcomes

B. self-concept

Which type of communication involves individuals sharing information with other individuals in a verbal form including face-to-face, phone, and the Internet? A. mass advertising B. word-of-mouth C. impersonal D. two-step E. multistep WOM involves individuals sharing information with other individuals in a verbal form including face-to-face, phone, and the Internet.

B. word-of-mouth

Mitch seems to know everything about cars - at least that's what his friends and family think. He has been involved with cars since he was a child and even took an engine apart and put it back together again by the time he was 16 years old. He reads several publications related to cars, visits websites, and hangs out with others who are interested in cars as well. Due to his enduring involvement with this product category, Mitch would be considered a(n) _____. A. product maven B. opinion leader C. product fanatic D. product endorser E. market leader

B., opinion leader

Which of the following groups is characterized by a strong belief in the literal truth of the Bible, a very strong commitment to their religious beliefs, having had a "born-again" experience, and encouraging others to believe in Jesus Christ?

Born-again Christians

A shift away from a competition oriented society would most likely affect _____. A) sales force compensation B) the types of decision rules used C) the use of comparative advertising D) the use of price as a competitive weapon E) all of the above

A woman that is married with the husband assuming the responsibility for providing for the family and the wife running the house and taking care of the children would be classified as _____. A) gender appropriate B) gender consistent C) traditional D) modern E) old-fashioned

A(n) _____ is based on an attribute over which the individual has little or no control. A) traditional role B) achievement role C) ascribed role D) gender identity E) gender orientation

Amie was born in 1991. Her mother is a college professor, and her father is an attorney. She's not sure what she wants to do when she grows up, but she knows she will go to college and embark on a career of her own. She was amazed when her grandmother told her that women really couldn't do that when she was young. If a woman did work, choices were usually limited to becoming a teacher, a secretary, or a nurse. Her grandmother told her that she was a secretary, but after she started having children, she left the workforce and stayed home to raise her children, which was common for most women at that time. That concept was totally foreign to Amie. To which generation does she belong? A) baby boom B) Generation X C) Generation Y D) Generation Z E) Millennial generation

Asian societies (i.e., Japan) value collective activity. That is, consumers look toward others for guidance in purchase decisions and do not respond favorably to promotional appeals focusing on individualism. Which category of cultural values does this represent? A) internally-oriented B) environment-oriented C) other-oriented D) self-oriented E) group-oriented

Before a marketer can successfully launch a brand in a foreign country, several nonverbal communication factors need to be understood. One of these factors is time, and international marketers must understand a culture's overall orientation toward time. This is known as a culture's _____. A) time meaning B) time interpretation C) time perspective D) time relationship E) time symbolism

Carl is a physician earning $200,000 per year. Using the Coleman-Rainwater system, identify the social class to which Carl belongs A) upper-upper B) lower-upper C) upper-middle D) middle E) working

Carl likes to support marketers that support causes or charities that are important to him. However, he is concerned about a marketer's motive behind cause-related marketing programs and uses good judgment on which ones to support. Carl is best described as belonging to which group of consumers? A) Skeptic B) Balancer C) Attribution-oriented D) Socially concerned E) Apathetic

Catherine is married and a mother of two children. She has decided to forego her own career to stay home with her children until they are grown and on their own. Both she and her husband have decided that it is best for their family for him to assume the responsibility for providing financial security for them while she takes care of the home and family. Catherine would be classified as which type of woman? A) gender appropriate B) gender consistent C) traditional D) modern E) old-fashioned

Dale has to write a research report about Poland in his International Marketing class. One aspect he must learn about the country is its size, structure, and distribution. What does this represent? A) psychographics B) geography C) demographics D) economics E) lifestyles

Gertrude is 93 years old, but she perceives herself to be about 65 years old. Sixty-five is Gertrude's _____ age. A) felt age B) real age C) cognitive age D) perceptual age E) chronological age

Green marketing methods that are profitable for the farmer, environmentally sound, and socially responsible are said to be _____. A) environmental B) acceptable C) sustainable D) impactful E) meaningful

In which country is the concept of guanxi, which involves personal relationships, an important consideration? A) United States B) Canada C) China D) India E) Saudi Arabia

Individuals born between 1977 and 1994 belong to which generation? A) baby boom B) Generation X C) Generation Y D) Generation Z E) Millennial generation

James is a widower in good health that lives in the home he and his wife raised their five children. However, he has reacted to his wife's death by becoming withdrawn and feels isolated. He spends much of his time fixing up his house. James is best described as a(n) _____. A) Healthy Indulger B) Ailing Outgoer C) Healthy Hermit D) Frail Recluse E) Ailing Hermit

John was born in 1955, and he has only known prosperity in his lifetime. He remembers when President Kennedy was assassinated, primarily because his family purchased their first color television not long after that event. While he remembers the Vietnam War, he was too young to be drafted. To which generation does he belong? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

Lakeisha is an architect, and her husband, Timothy, is an engineer. Both are in their early 30s. They represent a growing percentage of the workforce along with others who generate new ideas and technologies for a living or engage in complex problem solving. Lakeisha and Timothy are part of the _____. A) social reengineering movement B) cutting edge C) creative class D) true naturals E) young developers

Lisa is a single mother of two and works two jobs to provide for her family and derives little or no satisfaction from employment. To which market segment would Lisa belong? A) Traditional housewife B) Trapped housewife C) Trapped working woman D) Career working woman E) Modern-day woman

Marketers that wish to expand internationally need to understand a culture's widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. To do this, marketers should study _____. A) laws B) religions C) cultural values D) sanctions E) edicts

Nicholas is examining how people in India perceive time, space, symbols, relationships, agreements, things, and etiquette. He is interested in these factors because they influence _____. A) language B) demographics C) nonverbal communications D) values E) laws

Nouveaux riche is most commonly associated with the _____. A) upper-middle class B) middle class C) lower-upper class D) upper-upper class E) none of the above

One's perceived age, a part of one's self-concept, is known as _____. A) felt age B) real age C) cognitive age D) perceptual age E) chronological age

People in this group retain their physical health, but life events (i.e., death of a spouse) have reduced their self-concept. They have reacted by becoming withdrawn, and many resent the isolation and the feeling that they are expected to act like old people. They prefer clothing styles that are popular with other seniors and will pay a premium for well-known brands. They tend to stay in homes in which they raised their families, and they are an important part of the do-it-yourself market. Which segment is this? A) Healthy Indulgers B) Ailing Outgoers C) Healthy Hermits D) Frail Recluses E) Ailing Indulgers

Placing ads in videogames is known as _____. A) video advertising B) integrated advertising C) advergaming D) message integration E) entertainment integration

Robert and his wife, Jan, were both born in the 1950s. The last of their three children will graduate from college soon, which is leaving them with increased discretionary income and time. To which generation do Robert and Jan belong? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

56. Tony's job entails making sure his company's products get to retailers so that target customers can buy them. Which element of the marketing mix is Tony involved with? A. product B. price C. distribution D. communications E. placement

C. distribution

Robert is fifteen years old and has recently moved to a new town, and therefore, a new high school. He was trying to get accepted by a group of kids that he wanted to be friends with. When they asked him to attend a party over the weekend, he said he'd have to ask his parents for permission. This group of students laughed at him and called him a "momma's boy" and told him he can't be one of them because they don't ask parents for permission, they just do what they want. This social disapproval of Robert's behavior is an example of a(n) _____. A) norm B) violation C) sanction D) precept E) edict

Sam has learned that a country to which his company desires to expand places a high value on cleanliness and admires nature immensely. Which category of cultural values does this represent? A) other-oriented B) self-oriented C) environment-oriented D) externally-oriented E) internally-oriented

The children of the original baby boomers are known as _____. A) the baby bust generation B) Generation X C) Generation Y D) Generation Z E) the Millennial generation

The percentage of U.S. women who watch sports on TV every week is _____. A) 5 percent B) 25 percent C) 50 percent D) 75 percent E) none of the above

What are the two types of materialism? A) primary and secondary B) internal and external C) instrumental and terminal D) masculine and feminine E) individual and collective

What is the approximate population of the United States today? A) 100 million B) 249 million C) 298 million D) 350 million E) 498 million

Which age group is the closest thing to a global culture today? A) babies B) young children C) teenagers D) middle-aged adults E) senior citizens

Which generation is NOT part of the mature market? A) pre-Depression B) Depression C) Generation X D) baby boom E) all of the above are part of the mature market

Which generation is considered to be more self-centered, individualistic, economically optimistic, skeptical, suspicious of authority, and focused on the present than other generations? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

Which generation refers to those individuals born during the dramatic increase of births (i.e., almost 80 million baby births) between the end of World War II and 1964? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

Which generation was the first to gain a very broad view of a family, which may include parents, siblings, stepparents, half-siblings, close friends, live-in lovers, and others? A) Depression generation B) baby boom generation C) Generation X D) Generation Y E) Millennials

Which is NOT a factor used in the Warner's Index of Status Characteristics (ISC)? A) occupation B) source of income C) education D) house type E) dwelling area

Which of the following country tends to value individualism over collectivism? A) Mexico B) India C) United States D) Korea E) Japan

Which of the following describe a population in terms of its size, distribution, and structure? A) geographics B) psychographics C) demographics D) censographics E) behaviorgraphics

Which of the following is NOT a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy? A) demographics B) language C) exchange rates D) values E) nonverbal communications

Which of the following is NOT an example of an other-oriented value? A) youth/age B) extended/limited family C) tradition/change D) masculine/feminine E) diversity/uniformity

Which of the following is NOT generally involved in green marketing? A) developing products whose production, use or disposal is less harmful to the environment than the traditional versions of the product B) developing products that have a positive impact on the environment C) pricing products lower than the competition D) tying the purchase of a product to an environmental organization or event E) all of the above are involved in green marketing

Which of the following is a reason why women are an important target market? A) Women-headed households are expected to represent almost 50 percent of all households in 2010. B) Women are homogeneous as a group, which makes marketing to them easier. C) More women work more hours outside the home today than at any time in our history. D) Women's purchasing power now equals men's purchasing power. E) all of the above

Which of the following is an emerging American value? A) materialistic B) individual C) admiring nature D) masculine E) postponed gratification

Which of the following is an example of cause-related marketing (CRM)? A) A company donates $10,000 to a school to purchase computers. B) A company recognizes alternative lifestyles among its employees and allows benefits accordingly. C) A company donates $1 to Diabetes research for every purchase of its product by consumers. D) A company features educational health information in its product advertising. E) A company hires physically challenged employees.

Which of the following is most closely related to verbal communications? A) time B) space C) language D) colors E) shapes

Which of the following is one of the defining characteristics of American society? A) aversion to change B) collectivism C) individualism D) extended family E) status

Which of the following is the most widely applied single cue we use to initially evaluate and define individuals we meet? A) age B) income C) occupation D) gender E) education

Which of the following characterizes opinion leaders? A. younger B. older C. enduring involvement in the product or activity D. highly educated E. high income

C. enduring involvement in the product or activity

Which of the following is true regarding the size and distribution of the population of the United States? A) The population of the United States is approximately 250 million today. B) The population has grown steadily since 1960 due to increasing birth rates. C) The growth has not been even throughout the United States. D) Midwest states, such as Michigan and Illinois, are expected to grow dramatically in the next ten years. E) The population of the United States has continued to decrease since 1960.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the religious/secular value in American society? A) A religious group does not control the educational system, government, or political process. B) Most people's daily behaviors are not guided by strict religious guidelines. C) America is basically a religious society. D) Religious-based beliefs do influence decisions. E) Many Americans for whom religion is especially important are conservative in their beliefs.

Which of the following statements regarding the masculine/feminine value is FALSE? A) Basically, we live in a masculine-oriented world. B) The roles of women are changing and expanding throughout much of the world. C) Women in Japan frequently participate in sports and exercise. D) Many Japanese women feel guilty preparing frozen vegetables in a microwave rather than preparing fresh vegetables. E) Traditional and modern segments with regard to this value exist simultaneously in many cultures, so marketers must adapt not only across but within cultures.

Which social class consists of skilled and semiskilled factory, service, and sales workers? A) upper-middle B) middle class C) working class D) upper-lower class E) lower-lower class

Which type of materialism is the acquisition of items for the sake of owning the item itself? A) primary B) secondary C) terminal D) instrumental E) end state

_____ have experienced health problems which limit their physical abilities and frequently their financial capability. This segment is also a key market for retirement communities and assisted-living housing. While seniors in this group acknowledge their limits, they also maintain a positive self-esteem and seek to get the most out of life. Independence and socializing are important as is remaining stylish in their dress. A) Healthy Hermits B) Ailing Indulgers C) Ailing Outgoers D) Frail Recluses E) Healthy Recluses

_____ refers to the physical location of individuals in terms of geographic region and rural, suburban, and urban location. A) Size B) Structure C) Distribution D) Dispersion E) Concentration

_____ refers to the traits of femininity and masculinity. A) Gender B) Sex C) Gender identity D) Gender roles E) Gender continuum

42. Consumers who are single due to the death of a spouse are labeled _____. A. "single by death" B. "single by choice" C. "single by circumstance" D. "single again" E. "unwillingly single"

C. "single by circumstance"

43. Barbara is 72 years old and has been a widow for almost three years. She would be labeled _____. A. "single by death" B. "single by choice" C. "single by circumstance" D. "single again" E. "unwillingly single"

C. "single by circumstance"

28. Roughly what percentage of children are born to unmarried mothers, a percentage that has risen by thirteen percentage points since 1990? A. 10 B. 25 C. 40 D. 50 E. 66

C. 40

29. While roughly 40 percent of children are born to unmarried mothers, this may not be an accurate representation of the situation. A more accurate representation of the situation may be gained by looking at the percentage of American households that are single-parent families. What is that percentage? A. 2 percent B. 5 percent C. 9 percent D. 14 percent E. 21 percent

C. 9 percent

Which of the following statements is true regarding brand communities? A. Brand communities seem most relevant for low-involvement, routinely-purchased products. B. Once a consumer becomes a member of a brand community, he or she is always a member. C. Brand communities create value through a set of activities that create brand engagement. D. Brand communities can add value to the ownership of the product, but they do not build loyalty. E. Fostering a community requires the owners of the brand to come together on their own to establish relationships.

C. Brand communities create value through a set of activities that create brand engagement.

38. Teresa and John are both in their 40s and have two children living at home. Their daughter, Erin, is 14 years old, and their son, Stephen, is 11 years old. To which stage of the household life cycle do they belong? A. young married B. full nest I C. full nest II D. delayed full nest I E. laggards

C. full nest II

_____ represent about 10 percent of the adult online community, but their influence is extensive as they communicate, news, information, and experiences to a vast array of people both online and offline. A. Market mavens B. Internet mavens C. E-fluentials D. Opinion leaders E. Cyber leaders

C. E-fluentials

47. _____ is the process by which decisions that directly or indirectly involve two or more family members are made. A. Household decision making B. Consumer decision making C. Family decision making D. Joint decision making E. Group decision making

C. Family decision making

87. _____ occurs when a child learns appropriate, or inappropriate, consumption behaviors by observing others. A. Consumer training B. Instrumental training C. Modeling D. Mediation E. Parroting

C. Modeling

61. Which of the following statements is true regarding the nature of family purchases and the roles played by various family members? A. Individuals tend to play the same role for all decisions. B. All family members tend to be involved in every stage of the decision process. C. Over time, each spouse develops more specialized roles as a part of the family lifestyle and family responsibilities. D. Individual family members play only a single role in a given purchase decision. E. The stage of the decision process does not influence decision roles.

C. Over time, each spouse develops more specialized roles as a part of the family lifestyle and family responsibilities.

75. A major basis for concern about marketing to children is their inability to fully process and understand commercial messages. Much of the theory and research in this area is based on _____. A. Asche's diffusion theory B. Weber's intellect enhancement theory C. Piaget's stages of cognitive development D. Pavlov's process acquisition stages E. none of the above

C. Piaget's stages of cognitive development

51. _____ is the amount of money one must pay to obtain the right to use the product. A. Consumer cost B. Total cost C. Price D. Value E. Customer value

C. Price

21.Which of the following is considered an "Older" (i.e., > 64) stage of the household life cycle? A. Single II B. Delayed full nest I C. Single III D. Single parent II E. Empty nest I

C. Single III

Vicki likes to visit a social network site called Fanfiction.com and read the stories that others post on this site. She doesn't really visit very often, and she has never posted a story on this site. Vicki is which type of social media participant? A. Joiners B. Critics C. Spectators D. Inactives E. Creators

C. Spectators

Bob is somewhat of a longer in high school. He really despises the school "jocks" that seem to be involved in every sport. He doesn't want anything to do with them or be like them in any way. To Bob, the group of students who represent the school athletes is a(n) ___. A. primary reference group B. secondary reference group C. dissociative reference group D. aspiration reference group E. unattractive reference group

C. dissociative reference group

_____ are widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable. A) Laws B) Religion C) Edicts D) Cultural values E) Sanctions

79. Which of the following is FALSE regarding the working poor? A. They are forced to spend a disproportionate percentage of their income on housing, utilities, and medical care. B. They generally rely on public transportation. C. They spend a larger portion of their relatively small incomes on meals away from home. D. They spend very little on their own financial security. E. They spend the same percent of their income as do higher income consumers on apparel and accessories.

C. They spend a larger portion of their relatively small incomes on meals away from home.

Several girls in the 9th grade class at a small private school maintained an online journal. In this journal, some negative comments about the school were made, and the principal made them discontinue this online journal. The principal was concerned because anybody can read these comments as long as they know the address. Personalized online journals where people and organizations can keep a running dialogue such as the one illustrated here are known as _____. A. search engines B. diaries C. blogs D. viral marketing sites E. cyber diaries

C. blogs

Which factor affecting the spread of innovations refers to the consistency with the individual's and group's values or beliefs? A. relative advantage B. complexity C. compatibility D. observability E. type of decision

C. compatability

22. Which of the following is a component of a market analysis? A. market segmentation B. objectives C. conditions D. price E. all of the above

C. conditions

24. Jamie is developing a thorough understanding of his company's own capabilities, the capabilities of current and future competitors, the consumption process of potential customers, and the economic, physical, and technological environment in which these elements interact. Which step in the marketing strategy process is Jamie performing? A. setting objectives B. segmenting the market C. conducting a market analysis D. assessing the outcomes E. targeting the market

C. conducting a market analysis

10. Most economically developed societies are legitimately referred to as _____ societies. A. marketing B. proactive C. consumption D. competitive E. enhanced

C. consumption

84. The cognitive and affective orientations toward marketplace stimuli such as advertisements, salespeople, warranties, and so forth is referred to as _____. A. consumer skills B. consumption-related preferences C. consumption-related attitudes D. instrumental attitudes E. mediation preferences

C. consumption-related attitudes

39. Talbot's is a women's clothing store that offers classic fashions at a slightly premium price (i.e., a wool skirt typically costs over $100). During the process of market segmentation, Talbot's identified a group of consumers who are larger than average women yet still want stylish clothing. Further research into this segment revealed that these women tend to be between the ages of 35 and 50, are career-oriented, have a household income over $50,000, and are married with children under the age of 18 living at home. This group is also heavy users of magazines and newspapers as well as prime-time television. Which step of market segmentation does this describe? A. identifying product-related need sets B. grouping customer with similar need sets C. describing each group D. selecting an attractive segment(s) to serve E. profiling current customers

C. describing each group

Potential obstacles to rapid market acceptance of an innovation are known as _____. A. diffusion delayers B. laggards C. diffusion inhibitors D. diffusion detractors E. minimizers

C. diffuision inhibitators

Groups with negative desirability are referred to as ___. A. primary reference group B. secondary reference group C. dissociative reference group D. aspiration reference group E. unattractive reference group

C. dissociative reference group

Jamarcus was his collegiate chapter's delegate at a national conference of a professional business fraternity, Phi Chi Theta, in which he is a member. When the business meeting was conducted, parliamentary procedure was used, and Jamarcus was not familiar with this. Thus, he looked to the others to learn how he should behave in this situation. What type of influence does this reference group exhibit? A. transient B. substantive C. informational D. legal E. procedural

C. informational

23. Forty-eight percent of females classified as "Single I" _____. A. live alone B. live with parent(s) C. live with others D. are divorced E. are engaged to be married

C. live with others

78. Karen was at the checkout at the grocery store and remembered that she was out of chewing gum that she normally likes to keep in her purse. Without much thought, she grabbed two packages of the gum she likes. What type of consumer decision does this illustration? A. primary decision B. top-of-mind decision C. low-involvement decision D. automatic decision E. self-related decision

C. low-involvement decision

77. Which type of decisions involve very little effort or thought on the part of the consumer? A. primary decisions B. top-of-mind decisions C. low-involvement decisions D. automatic decisions E. self-related decisions

C. low-involvement decisions

Several consumers rely on information they obtain from others they see as knowledgeable about a specific product they are interested in purchasing (i.e., opinion leaders) as well as information they learn from marketing communications (i.e., advertisements) and other people that are not experts in the product category. Which type of communication flow does this represent? A. direct B. two-step C. multistep D. rapid E. efficient

C. multipstep

The _____ flow of communication involves opinion leaders for a particular product area who actively seek relevant information from the mass media as well as other sources. These opinion leaders process this information and transmit their interpretations of it to some members of their groups, and these group members also receive information from the mass media and other members who are not opinion leaders as well. A. direct B. two-step C. multistep D. dispersion E. inoculation

C. multipstep

9. Eric and Elizabeth live together in the same apartment but are not married. According to the Census Bureau, which type of household do they represent? A. family household B. blended household C. nonfamily household D. nontraditional household E. nonconformist household

C. nonfamily household

Which of the following is NOT a criterion used to classify groups? A. membership B. strength of social tie C. number of members D. type of contact E. attraction

C. number of members

68. Which of the following is NOT a basic approach that individuals in a family use to resolve purchase conflicts after they have arisen? A. bargaining B. use of authority C. physical force D. playing on emotion E. reasoning

C. physical force

46. A(n) _____ is anything a consumer acquires or might acquire to meet a perceived need. A. satisfier B. end state C. product D. value proposition E. outcome

C. product

For which product category would a reference group's influence be strongest? A. vitamins B. toilet tissue C. running shoes D. insurance E. clothes washer

C. running shoes

58. Which of the following is NOT considered one of the firm's outcomes of the marketing strategy and consumer behavior process? A. product position B. customer satisfaction C. service D. sales and profits E. all of the above are considered outcomes for the firm

C. service

66. Which of the following is a societal outcome of marketing strategy and consumer behavior? A. sales B. need satisfaction C. social welfare D. customer satisfaction E. product position

C. social welfare

15. It is critical that a firm consider value from which perspective? A. the competition's B. the firm's C. the customer's D. the government's E. the industry's

C. the customer's

76. In children's information processing, the period of concrete operations is characterized by _____. A. an absence of conceptual thought B. the development of language C. the development of the ability to apply logical thought to concrete problems D. the development of the ability to apply logic to all types of problems E. none of the above

C. the development of the ability to apply logical thought to concrete problems

Whether or not a new idea, practice, or product is an innovation is determined by: A. statements made by a celebrity spokesperson B. product demonstration in an infomercial C. the perception of the potential market D. an objective measure of technological change E. packaging that states "new and improved"

C. the perception of the potential market

80. What does the consumption of a product like Nikes mean to Andre, the working poor consumer discussed in the "Consumer Insight"? A. that he can afford a brand that is superior in meeting his physical needs B. his peers will now accept him C. they serve as a visible symbol that he is back as a successful member of society D. his peers will try to be more like him E. they serve as a reminder of what he used to have

C. they serve as a visible symbol that he is back as a successful member of society

The process of one person receiving information from the mass media or other sources and passing it on to others is known as the _____. A. direct flow of communication B. one-step flow of communication C. two-step flow of communication D. multistep flow of communication E. impersonal/personal flow of communication

C. two-step flow of communication

12. To survive in a competitive environment, an organization must provide its target customers more _____ than is provided to them by its competition. A. product B. service C. value D. feedback E. attention

C. value

Identification influence is also called _____ influence. A. informational B. normative C. value-expressive D. affective E. utilitarian

C. value-expressive

Huata is a Native American from the largest tribe in the United States. Which tribe does she come from?

Cherokee

Which of the following is the largest Native American tribe?

Cherokee

Which of the following represents the largest national background of Asian Americans?

Chinese

Much of the American value system and the resultant political and social institutions are derived from the _____ beliefs of the early settlers.

Christian

Timothy is a 54 year old African American consumer who is content with his life. He prefers to be a follower rather than a leader and is not status conscious. To which segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research would Timothy belong?

Contented

Which subculture of Hispanics tends to have incomes well above the others?

Cubans

60. Families considering the purchase of products such as a house, furniture, or a vacation, typically use which type of family decision making? A. husband-dominant B. wife-dominant C. individualized D. joint E. child-dominant

D. joint

A woman that is married where both she and her husband work and share homemaking and child care responsibilities is classified as _____ with respect to gender orientation. A) transgender B) gender inconsistent C) traditional D) modern E) cutting-edge

An estimate by the consumer of how much money he or she has available to spend on nonessentials is known as _____. A) objective discretionary income (ODI) B) adjusted gross income (AGI) C) adjusted discretionary income (ADI) D) subjective discretionary income (SDI) E) subjective gross income (SGI)

Buzz is a self-employed construction worker. He is proud of his ability to do "real work" and sees himself as the often-unappreciated backbone of America. He dislikes the upper-middle class and prefers products and stores positioned toward his social-class level. Which term best describes Buzz? A) working-class stiff B) "blue blood" class C) white collar worker D) working-class aristocrat E) no-collar worker

Charmaine is a member of a junior miss organization that teaches young women how to behave in various social situations. She is learning manners, how to carry herself, and appropriate attire for specific situations. Charmaine is learning _____. A) culture B) time symbolism C) symbolism D) etiquette E) verbal language

Erica and her family decided that it was just too much strain on them for Erica to work outside the home. Even though she was a successful attorney and they enjoyed the good things in life, her family made a conscious decision to reduce their reliance on consumption and material possessions. This behavior has been termed _____. A) downsizing B) dematerialization C) voluntary withdrawal D) voluntary simplicity E) demarketing

For which group of mature consumers is a convenient location of their physician most important? A) Healthy Indulger B) Ailing Outgoer C) Healthy Hermit D) Frail Recluse E) Ailing Hermit

Harriett wants to describe the population of a new market in which her firms wishes to enter. She wants to describe the population in terms of its size, distribution, and structure. Which of the following should she use? A) psychographics B) behaviorgraphics C) censographics D) demographics E) geographics

Heather is married and has three children. While she and her family are concerned about the environment, they only alter their actions and purchases when it is convenient for them. Which environmental activism segment best describes Heather and her family? A) True Naturals B) Unconcerned C) Overwhelmed D) New Green Mainstream E) Affluent Healers

In Germany, one concern retailers have is ensuring that cash drawers have enough money to make change when consumers make purchases. One company went so far as to use a computerized model that monitored the weight of the cash drawer and signaled a need for replenishment. This is such a concern because consumers typically use cash to make purchases, which differs from other countries, such as the U.S., where credit card use is more common. Which cultural value does this illustrate? A) hard work/leisure B) competitive/cooperative C) material/nonmaterial D) postponed gratification/immediate gratification E) sensual gratification/abstinence

Jake is in the market for a new car. He's looking at brands such as Mercedes, Lexus, and BMW because he feels they tell other people that he's successful in life. This is an illustration of which value? A) collectivism B) youth C) masculine D) individualism E) active

James used his birthday money to buy a skateboard so that he can be out with his friends at the park skateboarding. Which type of materialism does this represent? A) primary B) secondary C) terminal D) instrumental E) means-end

Jose is from Brazil and is currently enrolled in an MBA program at a U.S. university. He routinely comes to class 30-60 minutes late and does not turn in assignments by the deadline. One of his professors pulled him aside and asked him why he's always late for class and turns his work in late. Jose was surprised that his professor was bothered by this as this behavior is entirely acceptable in Brazil. In fact, it's expected. Which of the following best describes Jose's time perspective? A) spontaneous B) parallel C) monochronic D) polychronic E) variable

Karen's father is an executive for a major international corporation and has been transferred to various countries over the years. With each move, Karen is enrolled in a new school. Even though English is spoken in the schools she attends, there are students from all over the world whose parents have jobs similar to Karen's father. With each new school, Karen spends the first few weeks merely observing the other students to learn which behaviors are appropriate in specific situations because she's learned that at each school the kids behave differently. Karen is attempting to learn that student body's specific _____ regarding behavior. A) rules B) guidelines C) precepts D) norms E) prescriptions

Laurie purchased an entertainment armoire from a national chain furniture retailer. Unfortunately, one of the doors did not operate properly, so she called the retailer to complain. A service representative was sent out to adjust the door, but just a few weeks later, the problem reoccurred, so Laurie called again and asked for a new armoire. The store manager said that another service rep would have to come out to determine if it was due to a manufacturer's defect before it could be replaced. Because the service representative failed to show up, the manager decided to offer Laurie a new armoire. Unfortunately the replacement had the same problem and Laurie demanded her money back. Now she tells everyone she knows the problems she's had with this retailer. Which value most likely underlies Laurie's complaining behavior? A) diversity B) uniformity C) fatalistic D) individualism E) status

Maria will go out of her way to purchase a brand or patronage a store that claims to support a charity if she purchases their brand or shops in their store. Even though she knows that marketers develop these programs to help themselves as well as the cause, she doesn't really care about that. She's just driven by the desire to help. To which group of consumers does Maria belong? A) Skeptic B) Balancer C) Attribution-oriented D) Socially concerned E) Apathetic

Mickey is concerned about the environment, but he is most concerned about issues that relate to his personal health. That's why he protested when the city was considering placing a landfill near his home. Other than that, though, Mickey really does not consider environmental issues when he is shopping for products. To which environmental activism segment would Mickey belong? A) Unconcerned B) New Green Mainstream C) Young Recyclers D) Affluent Healers E) True Naturals

Myrtle has accepted her old-age status and has adjusted her lifestyle to reflect her reduced physical capabilities and social role. She focuses on becoming spiritually stronger and tends to stay at home. Which segment best describes Myrtle? A) Healthy Indulger B) Ailing Outgoer C) Healthy Hermit D) Frail Recluse E) Ailing Hermit

Nick was born in 1972. As long as he can remember, his mother worked outside the home. When he was 12, his parents divorced, which was hard on him, but the same thing happened to several of his friends. When both of his parents remarried, his view of a family changed to include all of his step-sisters and brothers. To which generation does he belong? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

Procter & Gamble is a major consumer packaged goods manufacturer. Which age category provides the greatest opportunity for P&G in terms of growth between 2005 and 2015? A) < 10 B) 20-29 C) 40-49 D) 60-69 E) > 69

Rayna is married and a mother of four children. Both she and her husband share homemaking and child-rearing responsibilities. Rayna would be classified as a_____ gender orientation. A) transgender B) gender inconsistent C) traditional D) modern E) cutting-edge

Roger is an adult that has moved back in with his parents. He doesn't believe in sacrificing time, energy, and relations to the extent he sees older workers do for the sake of career or economic advancement. He has a master's degree but does not want to work for a large corporation. To which generation does Roger most likely belong? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

Taitenger is a famous champagne maker in France. Part of this company's market research of U.S. consumers looked at education levels of champagne consumers. What education level is the likely consumer of champagne to have attained? A) did not graduate high school B) graduated high school C) attended college D) graduated college E) none of the above

The Martin's household income is $123,000 per year. However, this family estimates that they have $45,000 available to spend on nonessentials such as vacations and entertainment. The $45,000 represents the Martin's _____. A) objective discretionary income (ODI) B) adjusted gross income (AGI) C) adjusted discretionary income (ADI) D) subjective discretionary income (SDI) E) subjective gross income (SGI)

The United States is comprised of a culture that accepts a wide array of personal behaviors and attitudes, foods, dress, and other products and services. Thus, the United States values _____. A) uniformity B) collectivism C) power D) diversity E) cooperation

The behaviors considered appropriate for males and females in a given society are known as _____. A) Gender B) Sex C) Gender identity D) Gender roles E) Gender continuum

The fact that Americans are prone to engage in physical activities and to take an action-oriented approach to problems can be explained through which self-oriented value dichotomy? A) sensual gratification/abstinence B) competitive/cooperative C) diversity/uniformity D) active/passive E) age/youth

The more consistent an individual is on all status dimensions, the greater the degree of _____ for the individual. A) status maturity B) status permanence C) status inflexibility D) status crystallization E) status flexibility

The voluntary simplicity movement in America represents a shift in which value? A) active/passive B) problem solving/fatalistic C) masculine/feminine D) material/nonmaterial E) youth/age

This segment of mature consumers has accepted their old-age status and have adjusted their lifestyles to reflect physical reduced capabilities and social roles. They focus on becoming spiritually stronger, tend to stay at home, and are a major market for health care products. Locational convenience is often a critical factor for this group. Which group is this? A) Healthy Indulger B) Ailing Outgoer C) Healthy Hermit D) Frail Recluse E) Ailing Hermit

Under the Federal Trade Commission's set of voluntary guidelines for green claims, labels promoting products as "environmentally safe" or "environmentally friendly" must _____. A) be completely biodegradable B) be at least photodegradable C) be produced from completely organic methods D) must specify what portion of the product is being referred to E) must specify how to recycle the packaging

What is typically absolutely necessary of any firm that desires to capture the loyalty of the gay community? A) must have separate promotion efforts in gay and mainstream media B) must have gay themes in ads placed in mainstream media C) must offer discounts to gay consumers D) must have internal policies that do not discriminate against gay employees E) must use cause-related marketing programs that support causes relevant to gay consumers (i.e., AIDS research)

What was the challenge facing FedEx in the Chapter 2 opener? A) to influence Asian governments to allow FedEx to operate in their countries B) to increase awareness in Africa of the benefits of FedEx C) to increase awareness in Eastern Europe with a commercial that would work across this region with its differing cultures and languages D) to increase awareness in Latin America and the Caribbean with a commercial that would work across this region with its differing cultures and languages E) to influence Brazilian regulators to allow it to operate its service after normal working hours

When did Americans begin to place increased emphasis on leisure, immediate gratification, and sensual gratification? A) after the end of the Civil War B) after the end of World War I C) during the Depression D) after the end of World War II E) after the Vietnam War

Which age category is expected to experience the largest percentage increase between 2005 and 2015? A) < 10 B) 20-29 C) 40-49 D) 60-69 E) > 69

Which consumer group is driven by a desire to help with respect to cause-related marketing programs? A) Skeptic B) Balancer C) Attribution-oriented D) Socially concerned E) Apathetic

Which country has the largest percentage of its citizens older than 60 years of age? A) Philippines B) Canada C) United States D) Japan E) Saudi Arabia

Which country is the leading movie producer and consumer in the world? A) United States B) Japan C) China D) India E) England

Which generation was born between 1965 and 1976? A) pre-Depression generation B) Depression generation C) baby boom generation D) Generation X E) Generation Y

Which of the following is NOT a broad form of cultural values? A) other-oriented B) environment-oriented C) self-oriented D) object-oriented E) all of the above are broad forms of cultural values

Which of the following is NOT a common single-item index of social class? A) education B) occupation C) income D) age E) all of the above are common single-item indexes of social class

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing nonverbal communications? A) etiquette B) time C) relationships D) values E) things

Which of the following is NOT a segment used to describe consumers with respect to their environmental activism? A) True Naturals B) New Green Mainstream C) Affluent Healers D) Concerned E) Overwhelmed

Which of the following is NOT an example of an environment-oriented value? A) cleanliness B) tradition/change C) nature D) competitive/cooperative E) problem solving/fatalistic

Which of the following is NOT an other-oriented value? A) diversity/uniformity B) masculine/feminine C) limited family/extended family D) tradition/change E) individual/collective

Which of the following is a challenge facing marketers who implement cause-related marketing programs? A) It does not increase consumers' trust in the company. B) A company's commitment to a cause is not important to most consumers. C) Only a small percentage of consumers are likely to switch brands based on CRM when price and quality are equal. D) Consumer skepticism and apathy. E) all of the above

Which of the following is a self-oriented value? A) problem solving/fatalistic B) individual/collective C) tradition/change D) material/nonmaterial E) performance/status

Which of the following is an example of an other-oriented value? A) problem solving/fatalistic B) postponed gratification/immediate gratification C) religious/secular D) individual/collective E) risk taking/security

Which of the following is strongly associated with occupation? A) income B) education C) age D) a and b E) a, b, and c

Which of the following is true regarding changes in American cultural values? A) Shifts in cultural values are not observable. B) Changes in values tend to occur quickly. C) Changes in values tend to occur evenly across individuals and groups. D) There is substantial variance in values across individuals and groups. E) Cultural values are constant.

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding cross-cultural marketing? A) Marketing across cultural boundaries is a difficult and challenging task. B) Most categories of American products are generally prized throughout the world. C) There are both subtle and direct ethical issues involved in international marketing. D) While marketing strategy is heavily influenced by cultural factors, it does not influence aspects of cultures. E) Cultures may differ in demographics, languages, nonverbal communications, and values.

Which of the following statements regarding education is FALSE? A) Education is increasingly critical for a "family wage" job. B) Traditional high-paying manufacturing jobs that required relatively little education are rapidly disappearing. C) Education clearly drives income in today's economy. D) Education does not influence how one thinks, makes decisions, and relate to others. E) Education has a strong influence on one's tastes and preferences.

Which term is used to refer to the application of marketing principles and tactics to advance a cause such as a charity, an ideology, or an activity? A) cause marketing B) social marketing C) personal marketing D) a and b E) a, b, and c

Which term is used to refer to whether a person is biologically a male or female? A) gender B) sex C) gender identity D) a and b E) a, b, and c

Which time perspective views time almost as a physical object believing that a person does one thing at a time? A) linear time perspective B) parallel time perspective C) sequential time perspective D) monochronic time perspective E) polychronic time perspective

Which value has a strong influence on entrepreneurship and economic development as well as new-product acceptance? A) individual/collective B) competitive/cooperative C) tradition/change D) risk taking/security E) masculine/feminine

While women are vital members of the workforce in the U.S., they are still considered the primary care givers of the children in a family. This represents women's _____ in American society. A) gender B) sex C) gender identity D) gender role E) gender continuum

With respect to demographics, which of the following describes the society in terms of age, income, education, and occupation? A) size B) distribution C) concentration D) structure E) composition

19. Which of the following is considered a "Younger" (i.e., < 35) stage of the household life cycle? A. Single parent II B. Single II C. Single III D. Full nest I E. Empty nest I

D. Full nest I

64. _____ occurs when individuals or groups make consumption decisions that have negative consequence for their long-run well-being. A. Disintermediation B. Conspicuous consumption C. Disenfranchisement D. Injurious consumption E. Demarketing

D. Injurious consumption

88. _____ occurs when a parent alters a child's initial interpretation of, or response to, a marketing or other stimulus. A. Consumer training B. Instrumental training C. Modeling D. Mediation E. Reprogramming

D. Mediation

Some individuals have information about many different kinds of products, places to shop, and other aspects of markets. They can be considered a special type of opinion leader and are known as _____. A. product experts B. shopping experts C. personal shoppers D. market mavens E. market leaders

D. market mavens

Howard is 30 years old, does not create his own content, but consumes other people's content by reading blogs, and watching videos. Which category of social media participant is Howard? A. Creators B. Critics C. Joiners D. Spectators E. Inactives

D. Spectators

91. Susan gave her five year old son $10 to purchase a toy at Walmart. She wanted him to learn how to select an appropriate toy and to pay for it with his "own" money, but she would help her son do this. Which stage of McNeal's model of how children learn to shop does this illustrate. A. Stage I B. Stage II C. Stage III D. Stage IV E. Stage V

D. Stage IV

90. Which of the following is NOT a stage of McNeal's model of how children learn to shop? A. Stage I: Observing B. Stage II: Making Requests C. Stage III: Making Selections D. Stage IV: Making Recommendations to Other Children E. Stage V: Making Independent Purchases

D. Stage IV: Making Recommendations to Other Children

4. Which of the following is NOT true regarding consumer behavior? A. Organizations are applying theories and information about consumer behavior on a daily basis. B. It is often necessary to conduct research. C. Consumer behavior is a complex, multidimensional process. D. The overall model of consumer behavior presented in the text is accurate in predicting consumer behavior. E. Marketing practices designed to influence consumer behavior involve ethical issues that affect the firm, the individual, and society.

D. The overall model of consumer behavior presented in the text is accurate in predicting consumer behavior.

Which of the following is a factor affecting the spread of innovations? A. type of group B. type of decision C. compatibility D. observability E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Amanda is in junior high and begged her mother to buy her a certain brand of athletic shoe that all the "cool" kids in school were wearing. She though that if she had those shoes, she would be accepted as one of them. To Amanda, these other students in school that she wants to be associated with represent a(n) ___. A. primary reference group B. secondary reference group C. dissociative reference group D. aspiration reference group E. attractive reference group

D. aspiration reference group

Individuals frequently purchase products thought to be used by a desired group in order to achieve actual or symbolic membership in the group. This type of group is referred to as a(n) ___. A. primary reference group B. secondary reference group C. dissociative reference group D. aspiration reference group E. attractive reference group

D. aspiration reference group

30. Tracking consumers' online activity and delivering specific banner ads based on that activity is known as _____. A. clickstream B. blogging C. spam D. behavioral targeting E. electronic targeting

D. behavioral targeting

16. How can an organization provide superior customer value to customers? A. by conducting market research B. by offering their products at the lowest price C. by offering extended warranty coverage on products D. by doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does E. by offering more variations of a product

D. by doing a better job of anticipating and reacting to customer needs than the competition does

Many Jeep owners elect to become members of a Jeep ___ and attend brand fests such as Jeep Jamboree, Jeep 101, and Camp Jeep. A. exchange B. speedway-sponsored events C. insurance policy D. community E. a and b

D. community

3. One primary function of Harriet's job is to study individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of her company's products and services to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society. Harriet works in the field of _____. A. social psychology B. cognitive psychology C. management D. consumer behavior E. organizational behavior

D. consumer behavior

54. Timothy and his wife are considering the purchase of a new car. In addition to the price, they are also considering the cost of insurance, gasoline, maintenance, finance charges, and license fees. All of these factors combined represent the _____. A. value B. price C. opportunity cost D. consumer cost E. value proposition

D. consumer cost

A distinctive subgroup of society that self-selects on the basis of a shared commitment to a particular product class, brand, or consumption activity is known as a ___. A. cohort group B. clone group C. dissociative reference group D. consumption subculture E. purchase consortium

D. consumption subculture

Harley-Davidson motorcycle owners that join a Harley group, Jeep owners that attend events sponsored by Jeep, and Star Trek "Trekkies" are all examples of ___. A. cohort groups B. clone groups C. dissociative reference groups D. consumption subcultures E. purchase consortium's

D. consumption subcultures

13. The difference between all the benefits derived from a total product and all the costs of acquiring those benefits is known as _____. A. price B. position C. consumer behavior D. customer value E. equity

D. customer value

53. Which family purchase role is played by the individual(s) who makes the final decision? A. initiator B. information gatherer C. influencer D. decision maker E. user

D. decision maker

54. Bob is in the 6th grade. His family does not own a computer, and he really needs one to do his homework. He also wants one so he can play some of the games he hears his friends talking about. His parents realize that he needs a computer, but they really have no need for one and probably will never use it. Since they don't know much about computers, they are letting Bob do all the research and asked him to find the options that will meet his needs. However, his parents are the ones who will make the final decision on how much to spend and which computer to purchase. In terms of the family purchase roles, which role do Bob's parents play? A. initiator B. information gatherer C. influencer D. decision maker E. user

D. decision maker

36. Sheila and Jim are both professionals in their late 30s and have two children under the age of five. Which stage of the household life cycle are they in? A. young married B. full nest I C. full nest II D. delayed full nest I E. laggards

D. delayed full nest I

The manner in which innovations spread throughout a market is referred to as the _____. A. adoption process B. consumer decision making process C. innovation process D. diffusion process E. dissemination process

D. diffusion process

40. Consumers in which stage of the household life cycle are over 64 years of age, are either fully or partially retired, are healthy, active, and often financially well-off, and are a big market for RVs, cruises, and second homes? A. single I B. single II C. empty nest I D. empty nest II E. delayed empty nest

D. empty nest II

85. Which of the following is the primary source of consumer socialization? A. school B. advertising C. friends D. family E. government

D. family

27. Stacy and Adam have just had their first child, and they hope to have two more. They can expect expenditures on which of the following to increase? A. meals out B. education C. personal care products D. food at home E. alcoholic beverages

D. food at home

1. New research by NPD Group uncovered several important aspects relating to the kids' market, including A. top spending categories are cosmetics and outdoor merchandise. B. the main diver of spending on kids is household income. C. children's influence on purchases is strong for 30 percent of mothers. D. gender does not influence amount spent except in two cases—apparel for girls and video games for boys. E. brands are important in all categories, while style and look were important in some categories.

D. gender does not influence amount spent except in two cases—apparel for girls and video games for boys.

4. According to the Census Bureau, all the people who occupy a housing unit is defined as a _____. A. buying unit B. blended family C. family household D. household E. traditional family

D. household

32. Which of the following is NOT a description of the household life cycle stage known as "Empty Nest I: Middle-Aged with No Children"? A. married couples who have never had children B. second marriages in which children from a first marriage are not living with the parent C. married couples whose children have left home D. married couples who have adopted children who are still living at home E. all of the above are characteristics of this household life cycle stage

D. married couples who have adopted children who are still living at home

36. Which term reflects the fact that most products in developed economies satisfy more than one need? A. multiplicity B. duplicity C. need array D. need set E. value proposition

D. need set

70. Which is NOT an external influence on consumer behavior? A. culture B. family C. social status D. perception E. marketing activities

D. perception

52. Amy purchased a new 32" LCD high-definition television and paid $400 for it. This amount of money Amy had to pay to obtain this product is known as the _____. A. total cost B. value C. value proposition D. price E. consumer cost

D. price

Which type of group's presumed perspectives or values are being used by an individual as the basis for his or her current behavior? A. cohort group B. generation group C. community group D. reference group E. modeling group

D. reference group

43. Juan has segmented the market for boats and is currently analyzing each with respect to several factors, such as size, growth rate, competitor strength, fit with company image, distribution available, cost to serve, and risk before deciding which segment to target. Which step of market segmentation is Juan conducting? A. identifying product-related need sets B. grouping customer with similar need sets C. describing each group D. selecting an attractive segment(s) to serve E. profiling current customers

D. selecting an attractive segment(s) to serve

10. Which type of family consists of a married couple, one or both of whom were previously married, their children, and the children from the previous marriage of one or both parents? A. nontraditional family B. traditional family C. nonfamily household D. stepfamily E. combination family

D. stepfamily

41. J&J Produce is a distributor of fresh produce. They conducted a thorough analysis of its market and identified groups of consumers that had similar product-related needs. One particular market identified wanted fresh and unique produce, such as Swiss chard, radicchio, and exotic fruits, and they were willing to pay higher prices for these choices. J&J Produce decided to focus its marketing effort on this segment of the total market. This segment is J&J's _____. A. need set B. primary market C. customer set D. target market E. market focus

D. target market

73. Which of the following refers to what children learn with respect to consumption? A. the process of consumer socialization B. the rate of consumer socialization C. the impact of consumer socialization D. the content of consumer socialization E. the influence of consumer socialization

D. the content of consumer socialization

79. In children's information processing, the period of formal operations is characterized by _____. A. an absence of conceptual thought B. the development of language C. the development of the ability to apply logical thought to concrete problems D. the development of the ability to apply logic to all types of problems E. none of the above

D. the development of the ability to apply logic to all types of problems

45. The vertical axis in the HLC/occupational category matrix represents _____, which determines the problems the household will likely encounter. A. a set of occupational categories B. the number of children in the household C. the household income D. the stage in the household life cycle E. current economic conditions

D. the stage in the household life cycle

15. Which of the following is not a reason why multigenerational families offer opportunities and challenges for marketers? A. some members are caregivers to family members or friends B. several generations might live in one household C. some members are less technologically proficient D. they are not easy to identify and reach E. all of the above offer opportunities and challenges

D. they are not easy to identify and reach

Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population has a high school degree? A) 25% B) 40% C) 50% D) 75% E) 85%

Consumers higher in individualism are more likely to _____ when faced with poor service performance. A) complain B) switch C) engage in negative word-of-mouth D) a and b E) a, b, and c

Gay consumers, like heterosexuals, vary in terms of _____. A) ethnicity B) geographic region C) occupations D) age E) all of the above

In the United States, promptness is considered a virtue. Americas are expected to be on time to an event, and they expect others to do so as well. Which aspect of culture best explains this behavior? A) Culture is a simple concept. B) Culture is something one is born with. C) Culture is unique to each individual in a society. D) Culture is time-bound. E) Culture is acquired, that is, it is learned.

Individualism affects which of the following? A) incentive systems for salespeople B) advertising themes C) product design D) customer complaining behavior E) all of the above

Which of the following is a factor determining a reference group's influence on a consumer? A. whether or not the product is a necessity B. whether the use of the product or brand is visible to the group C. the degree of commitment the individual feels to a group D. the individual's confidence in the purchase situation E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Several coffee manufacturers are informing consumers of their fair trade practices in which farmers in less developed countries are paid a living wage for their crops. The philosophy behind this movement is to be profitable for the farmer, be environmentally sound, and to be socially responsible. This movement has been referred to as the _____. A) environmental movement B) fairness doctrine C) fairness movement D) substantial wage and environmentally sound movement E) sustainability movement

The newest generation born after 1994 is referred to as _____. A) the baby boom generation B) Generation X C) Generation Y D) Generation Z E) Millennials

The vegetarian market includes which group of consumers? A) adults B) adolescents C) children D) a and b E) a, b, and c

What are the two major ways time varies between cultures? A) primary and secondary B) work and leisure C) family and personal D) monochronic and polychronic E) perspective and interpretation

Which culture has traditionally valued the wisdom that comes with age? A) American B) Australian C) British D) European E) Asian

Which of the following factors had a significant impact on Americans' emphasis on security? A) the Depression B) World War II C) the Cold War D) a and b E) a, b, and c

Which of the following is NOT an environment-oriented value? A) cleanliness B) performance/status C) tradition/change D) risk taking/security E) all of the above are environment-oriented values

Which of the following is a cultural factor that affects consumer behavior and marketing strategy? A) demographics B) values C) language D) nonverbal communications E) all of the above

Which of the following is a factor influencing nonverbal communications? A) things B) relationships C) space D) symbols E) all of the above

Which of the following is a key consideration for each geographic market that a firm is contemplating? A) Is the geographic area homogenous or heterogeneous with respect to culture? B) What needs can this product or a version of it fill in this culture? C) What are the distribution, political, and legal structures for the product? D) In what ways can we communicate about the product? E) all of the above

Which of the following is a reason why more baby boomers continue to work longer than previous generations? A) necessary due to a low income of some baby boomers B) necessary due to a poor pension plan C) due to changes in Social Security increasing the age at which full benefits can be drawn D) increased desire to stay active in interesting and rewarding careers E) all of the above

Which of the following is a segment of mature consumers? A) Healthy Indulgers B) Ailing Outgoers C) Healthy Hermits D) Frail Recluses E) all of the above

Which of the following is a traditional American value? A) youth B) competition C) active D) hard work E) all of the above

Which of the following is considered a symbol that has varying meaning across cultures? A) colors B) animals C) numbers D) music E) all of the above

Which of the following is enabling the growth of a global culture? A) mass media B) work C) education D) travel E) all of the above

Which of the following statements regarding age is true? A) Proper age positioning is critical for many products. B) Age affects a consumer's self-concept and lifestyle. C) Our age shapes the media we use. D) Analyzing age cohort groups or generations often provides more meaningful segments and marketing strategies than merely looking at census age groups. E) all of the above

Which of the following variables is associated with cognitive age? A) health B) education C) income D) social support E) all of the above

Which type of materialism is the acquisition of things to enable one to do something? A) primary B) secondary C) terminal D) means-end E) instrumental

_____ is the process of describing and explaining the attitudes, values, and behaviors of an age group as well as predicting its future attitudes, values, and behaviors. A) Census analysis B) Demographic analysis C) Generation analysis D) Cognitive analysis E) Cohort analysis

_____ values prescribe a society's relationship to its economic and technological as well as its physical environment. A) Other-oriented B) Self-oriented C) Externally-oriented D) Internally-oriented E) Environment-oriented

Key aspects of Proctor & Gamble's My Black is Beautiful campaign included ____.

E. A. a 12-page advertorial in Essence magazine B. a My Black is Beautiful conversation tour in various U.S. locations C. a web site that provides a forum for discussion and provides ongoing initiatives information D. grants to community-based organizations related to health and education of black women E. all of the above

Which of the following are bases for subcultures in the United States?

E. A. ethnic groups B. religions C. geographic areas D. generations E. all of the above

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding word-of-mouth (WOM) communications? A. It is estimated that two-thirds of all consumer product decisions are influenced by WOM. B. Negative experiences are powerful motivators of WOM. C. Going beyond satisfaction to deliver more than was expected appears to have the potential to generate substantial WOM. D. Not all personal sources are equal in value. E. Consumers generally trust advertising as much as they do WOM.

E. Consumers generally trust advertising as much as they do WOM.

50. Which of the following is NOT a critical question for developing marketing communications? A. Who do we want to communicate with? B. What effect do we want to have? C. What message will achieve the desired result? D. What media should we use? E. all of the above are critical questions

E. all of the above are critical questions

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding consumption of subcultures? A. These groups have an identifiable, hierarchical social structure B. These groups have a set of shared beliefs or values C. These groups have a unique jargon, rituals, and modes of symbolic expression D. They are reference groups for their members as well as those who aspire to join or avoid them E. Consumption must be shared physically to be a shared ritual that creates and sustains a group

E. Consumption must be shared physically to be a shared ritual that creates and sustains a group

20. Which of the following is NOT considered a "Middle-aged" (i.e., 35-64) stage of the household life cycle? A. Single II B. Full nest II C. Delayed full nest I D. Single parent II E. Empty nest II

E. Empty nest II

Which type of participants in social media tend to be older, are online but don't participate in social media A. Creators B. Critics C. Joiners D. Spectators E. Inactives

E. Inactives

48. _____ include(s) advertising, the sales force, public relations, packaging, and any other signal that the firm provides about itself and its products. A. Value promotions B. Brand equity C. Distribution D. Market segmentation E. Marketing communications

E. Marketing communications

3. Which of the following is a household factor that influences purchase and consumption behavior? A. structure of household unit B. stage of the household life cycle C. household decision process D. a and b E. a, b, and c

E. a, b, and c

38. Which of the following is used to describe a group of consumers with similar needs sets? A. demographics B. lifestyles C. media usage D. a and b E. a, b, and c

E. a, b, and c

The exchange of advice and information between group members can occur _____. A. directly in the form of WOM when one individual seeks information from another B. directly in the form of WOM when one individual volunteers information C. indirectly through observation as a by-product of normal group interaction D. a and b E. a, b, and c

E. a, b, and c

Which type of reference group influence do marketers use when developing advertisements? A. informational B. normative C. identification D. a and b E. a, b, and c

E. a, b, and c

11. Which of the following is used by firms to influence consumers? A. ads B. packages C. store environments D. sales pitches E. all of the above

E. all of the above

18. Stages of the household life cycle are based on ____. A. age of the adult members B. marital status of the adult members C. presence of children D. age of children E. all of the above

E. all of the above

23. Darren is conducting a market analysis for his business, and he has asked your advice on what he should be analyzing. Which of the following should he consider at this step of marketing strategy development? A. the company's own ability to meet customer needs B. competitors' capabilities and strategies C. consumers' needs D. conditions in the market E. all of the above

E. all of the above

25. Which of the following aspects is evaluated when determining a firm's ability to meet customer needs? A. financial condition B. general managerial skills C. production capabilities D. technological sophistication E. all of the above

E. all of the above

42. Which of the following is used to evaluate the attractiveness of various market segments? A. segment size B. distribution available C. fit with company image D. cost to serve E. all of the above

E. all of the above

44. Research suggests that older singles that are single by circumstance (i.e., death of a spouse) will _____. A. be less innovative B. be more risk averse C. be more price sensitive D. engage in coping behaviors such as spending more time watching television E. all of the above

E. all of the above

45. Which of the following is part of the marketing mix? A. product B. price C. communications D. distribution E. all of the above

E. all of the above

49. Which of the following is a family purchase role? A. initiator B. information gatherer C. user D. purchaser E. all of the above

E. all of the above

49. Which of the following is included in marketing communications? A. advertising B. sales force C. public relations D. packaging E. all of the above

E. all of the above

5. Which of the following is a key aspect regarding consumer behavior? A. Organizations are applying theories and information about consumer behavior on a daily basis. B. It is often necessary to conduct research. C. Consumer behavior is a complex, multidimensional process. D. Marketing practices designed to influence consumer behavior involve ethical issues that affect the firm, the individual, and society. E. all of the above

E. all of the above

58. Which of the following are ways to categorize family decision making? A. husband-dominant B. wife-dominant C. individualized D. child-dominant E. all of the above

E. all of the above

62. Which of the following can influence how family members interact in a purchase decision? A. culture or subculture in which the family exists B. role specialization of different family members C. degree of involvement each has in the product area of concern D. personal characteristics of the family members E. all of the above

E. all of the above

66. Which of the following is a characteristic of teens called "Internet mavens"? A. greater enjoyment and interest in the Internet in general B. greater knowledge about the Web-based marketplace C. more expertise in searching out and finding information and resources on the Web D. greater enjoyment and desire to help others by providing information found on the Web E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Brand communities can deliver value-creating activities by _____. A. social networking B. community engagement C. brand use D. impression management E. all of the above

E. all of the above

Which criterion is used to classify groups? A. membership B. strength of social tie C. type of contact D. attraction E. all of the above

E. all of the above

20. Disney World in Orlando, FL has several theme parks, resorts, restaurants, and stores. Each is intentionally created to offer a memorable event for visitors. For example, the Wilderness Lodge is a large resort hotel on the grounds, and everything within it is made to look like log cabins and pioneer days. Even the casual restaurant has the wait staff dressed in pioneer costumes, and they put on funny little skits when they are waiting on customers. Which of the following best describes what Disney is selling? A. a product B. a service C. a bundled product D. a bundled service E. an experience

E. an experience

1. Why is China very attractive to marketers around the world? A. because it represents a collective approach to marketing in contrast to the traditional individualist approach used in the United States and other western cultures B. Chinese consumers are very brand loyal C. they are the heaviest users of the Internet D. Chinese teens are easier to understand because they are less "trendy" than teenagers from other countries E. because of its massive population, rising income, and emerging youth market

E. because of its massive population, rising income, and emerging youth market

A _____ is a gathering of owners and others for the purposes of interacting with one another in the context of learning about and using the brand. A. consumption gathering B. convention C. consortium D. brand community E. brand fest

E. brand fest

Jeep Jamboree, Jeep 101, and Camp Jeep, in which owners of Jeeps gather for the purposes of interacting with one another in the context of learning about and using their Jeeps, are examples of a _____. A. consumption gathering B. convention C. consortium D. brand event E. brand fest

E. brand fest

57. Carla and John are both children, but they use their family's electronic equipment such as TVs, DVD players, and stereo equipment. They did not play much of a role in the purchase decision on which brands to buy, but their parents did consider their needs when deciding on which products and brands to purchase. In terms of family purchase roles, what role do these children play? A. initiator B. information gatherer C. influencer D. user E. c and d

E. c and d

17. Marketing strategy begins with _____. A. market segmentation B. targeting C. conducting an outcomes assessment D. objective setting E. conducting a market analysis

E. conducting a market analysis

80. Those capabilities necessary for purchases to occur such as understanding money, budgeting, product evaluation, and so forth are referred to as _____. A. buying skills B. consumption-related preferences C. consumption-related attitudes D. instrumental skills E. consumer skills

E. consumer skills

81. Bob is teaching his son, Jack, how to handle money, count change, how to save for a desired purchase, and how to choose an appropriate product. Bob is teaching his son _____. A. buying skills B. consumption-related preferences C. consumption-related attitudes D. economic skills E. consumer skills

E. consumer skills

71. Teresa is trying to understand her customers better. She is examining the external influences that shape her customers' self-concepts and lifestyles. Which of the following is a possible external influence Teresa could examine? A. motives B. personality C. perception D. attitudes E. culture

E. culture

41. Ray is retired, and he and his wife are both in their late 60s. They are healthy, active, and financially well-off. They purchased an RV and plan to travel to all of the continental United States. Which stage of the household life cycle describes them? A. childless B. jobless C. retired D. empty nest I E. empty nest II

E. empty nest II

7. John and Dawn have been married for over twenty years. They have lived in their home in Northville, MI (a suburb of Detroit) with their three children for most of those years. According to the Census Bureau, which type of household do they live in? A. suburban household B. urban household C. rural household D. blended family household E. family household

E. family household

5. Sarah and her three roommates share an apartment. According to the Census Bureau, Sarah and her roommates constitute a _____. A. family B. nontraditional family C. subculture D. blended family E. household

E. household

According to Roper Starch (a market research company), the 10 percent of the population that have broad social networks that allow them to influence the attitudes and behaviors of the other 90 percent of the population are called _____. A. market mavens B. opinion leaders C. shopping experts D. market leaders E. influentials

E. influentials

Charles was the last person on his block to purchase a color television set, and that was in the 1980s. He just couldn't see the reason to purchase a new color television if his old one was working just fine. He finally purchased one because his old TV stopped working. In terms of adopter categories, Charles would be classified as a(n) _____. A. innovator B. early adopter C. early majority D. late majority E. laggard

E. laggard

29. Smaller women like to purchase fashionable clothes just as much as any women. However, most clothes are not proportioned for their smaller size and do not fit well. As a result, several manufacturers offer "petite" sizes of clothing for this group of consumers. Women who comprise this group have needs that differ somewhat from the total market and represent a _____. A. demographic segment B. lifestyle segment C. market potential D. sub-market E. market segment

E. market segment

59. An image of the product or brand in the consumer's mind relative to competing products and brands is referred to as the product's _____. A. equity B. extension C. message D. placement E. position

E. position

Which of the following is NOT an adopter category? A. innovators B. early adopters C. early majority D. late majority E. procrastinators

E. procrastinators

55. What family purchase role is played by the individual who actually purchases the product the family has decided upon? A. initiator B. information gatherer C. influencer D. decision maker E. purchaser

E. purchaser

56. While the entire family is usually involved in major purchase decisions, Lisa is the one who usually makes the actual purchase. What family purchase role does Lisa play? A. initiator B. information gatherer C. influencer D. decision maker E. purchaser

E. purchaser

Frank Chen is a Chinese immigrant in his mid-50s and has a master's degree in Engineering from MIT. He is a conservative professional with no need or desire for native-language programming. He is willing to pay premium prices for high quality products. Which segment of the Asian American market identified by Market Segment Research best describes him?

Established

______subcultures are defined as those whose members' unique shared behaviors are based on a common racial, language, or national background.

Ethnic

Chrysler sponsored Patti LaBelle's "The Gospel According to Patti" concert tour in 2006 in which Chrysler offered test drives before each concert and donated $5 for each test drive to Ms. LaBelle's chosen charity. This marketer is using _____ to reach this market.

Event marketing

_____ involves creating or sponsoring an event that has a particular appeal to a market segment.

Event marketing

Which generation of Hispanic adults was born outside the United States, has the lowest income and education, is most likely to identify themselves as Hispanic, is most likely to have Spanish as their primary language, and is most likely to possess traditional values including a masculine view of the family decision hierarchy?

First generation adults

The generation of Asian Americans which was born in the United States to immigrant parents is sometimes referred to as _____.

Generation 2.0

Which of the following statements is true regarding marketing to Asian Americans?

Geographic concentration is aiding marketing efficiency.

Toys-R-Us is examining subcultures in the United States and wants to identify the ethnic subculture that has the greatest percentage of children under the age of 18. Which ethnic group meets this criterion?

Hispanics

Which of the following is predicted to be the fastest growing ethnic group in the United States between 2000 and 2020?

Hispanics

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding marketing to Hispanics?

Hispanics tend to be more receptive than the general market to store brands.

While Asian-Indian Americans are diverse in many ways, they do share a number of important cultural traits. Which of the following is NOT one of these shared traits?

Husbands and wives tend to share an equal role in family decisions.

LaShonda is an African American high school drop out who works at a minimum wage job. She is very price conscious and buys mostly Wal-Mart store brands of products. Sometimes things seem hopeless for her and her family, and she is very pessimistic about their future. To which segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research would LaShonda and her family belong?

Living Day to Day

Nikki is 23 years old, socially active in several community outreach programs, carefree, and image conscious. Which African American market segment identified by Market Segment Research best describes Nikki?

Living for the Moment

Which segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research is young, socially active, carefree, and image conscious?

Living for the Moment

Li Ming is an Asian American of Chinese dissent and is young, has a moderate identification with her native culture, is bilingual, and is spontaneous, materialistic, and an impulsive shopper. She is concerned with status and quality. Which segment of the Asian American market identified by Market Segment Research best describes her?

Living in the moment

Which segment of Asian Americans identified by Market Segment Research is younger, has moderate identification with their native culture, tends to be bilingual, and is spontaneous, materialistic, and impulsive shoppers who are concerned with status and quality?

Living in the moment

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding subcultures in the United States?

Religious groups are the most commonly described subcultures.

Carlos was born in the United States to immigrant parents. He has a higher income and education than his father, is more likely to identify himself as an American, speaks Spanish and English fluently, and is less likely to ascribe to traditional values than his parents. According to the Pew Hispanic Center, to which generation of Hispanic adults does Carlos belong?

Second generation adults

Maria's grandparents immigrated from Mexico, but her parents were both born in the United States. She has an MBA and earns the highest income in her family, she identifies herself as an American, speaks English as her primary language, and does not ascribe to the traditional values of her grandparents. In terms of the Pew Hispanic Center's generations of Hispanic adults, to which generation does Maria belong?

Third generation adults

In terms of the Asian American market, which segment identified by Market Segment Research is older, often retired, has strong identification with their original culture, tends to use their native language as their primary language, and is not concerned about status?

Traditionalists

John is an older, retired Japanese American. He has a strong identification with his Japanese culture, still speaks primarily Japanese and is not concerned about status. Which segment of the Asian American market identified by Market Segment Research best describes John?

Traditionalists

Market Segment Research found three groups of Asian Americans on the basis of their demographics and attitudes that cut across nationality groups. Which of the following is one of the segments identified?

Traditionalists

Robert is an African American active in sports. He is a status-conscious professional who is financially secure and optimistic about his and his family's future. Which segment of the African American market identified by Market Segment Research best describes Robert?

Upwardly Mobile

Compared to the white population, African Americans tend to _____

be younger

The U.S. Census overall projections of ethnic subculture size understate the importance of ethnic groups to specific

geographic regions

Research by Yankelovich finds wide differences among African Americans represented by two distinct segments labeled "market leaders" and "market followers." Compared to "market followers," "market leaders" _____.

have less of a need to be seen as "hip and cool"

According to the Bureau of the Census, a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish culture or origin regardless of race is defined as a(n) _____.

hispanic

Juan came from Cuba in the late 1990s and is currently living in Miami, FL. According to the Bureau of the Census, Juan would be classified as a(n) _____.

hispanic

Jimmy is an African American who wants to be on the cutting edge and to set trends. He has an income sufficient to allow him to buy the "latest and greatest," and he has a strong need to be seen as "hip and cool" and uses brands to communicate his unique style and identity. He is not price sensitive and is brand loyal. In terms of Yankelovich's segments of African Americans, which one best describes Jimmy?

market leaders

Which of the following is NOT a way that retailers have responded to the needs of the Hispanic market?

lowering prices on nationally-branded products

Shondra is an African American who does not feel the need to be seen as "hip and cool." She doesn't use brands to indicate to others her style and identity and tends to be less brand loyal and more price sensitive than others. In terms of Yankelovich's segments of African Americans, which one best describes Shondra?

market followers

What percentage of Arab Americans are U.S. citizens?

more than 80 percent

America is basically a _____. That is, the educational system, government, and political process are not controlled by a religious group, and most people's daily behaviors are not guided by strict religious guidelines.

secular society

Which type of subculture arises as a result of climatic conditions, the natural environment and resources, the characteristics of the various immigrant groups that have settled there, and significant social and political events?

regional

What is the major difference between white and black shoppers' store selection criteria?

respect

A segment of a larger culture whose members share distinguishing values and patterns of behavior is known as a

subcultural

Many companies develop special marketing mixes for a segment of a larger culture whose members share distinguishing values and patterns of behavior. These segments are known as

subcultural

The different religions in America prescribing differing values and behaviors are known as religious _____.

subcultures

The degree to which an individual behaves in a manner unique to a subculture depends on

the extent to which the individual identifies with that subculture

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