Kaplan Cardiovascular System 1 & 2
The nurse is monitoring a patient receiving treatment for hypertension. Which of the following blood pressure readings indicate to the nurse that treatment is successful?
120/78
The nurse performs a blood pressure screening at the local grocery store. The nurse knows that which of the following blood pressure readings indicate state 1 hypertension?
142/88
When one nurse is performing CPR on an adult, which is CORRECT ratio of compressions to breaths?
30 compressions to 2 breaths
The nurse performs discharge teaching for a patient with angina. It is MOST important for the patient to report which of the following?
A change in the character of pain
A patient is admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The patient's skin is clammy, blood pressure is 85/50; patient appears restless & anxious. Which of the following actions should the nurse take FIRST?
Administer analgesia as ordered
The nurse in the student health service of a college is planning a series of brief presentations on reducing health risks. One of the topics is going to be toxic shock syndrome (TSS). It is MOST important for the nurse to target which of the following groups in marketing this program.
All females
A patient undergoes a cardiac catheterization. Following the procedure, the nurse discovers that the patient is bleeding from the cut-down site. Which of the following actions should the nurse take FIRST?
Apply pressure to the site
The nurse observes a person suddenly collapse on the street. The nurse finds the person unresponsive. Which action should the nurse take FIRST?
Call the emergency response number
One week following myocardial infarction, a patient complains to the nurse of fatigue. The nurse notes that the patient is slightly short of breath & the pulse rate is 110 bpm. Which of the following actions by the nurse is BEST?
Check for any edema or weight gain.
Which of the following nursing measures would be MOST important immediately following cardiac catheterization?
Check the extremities for pulses.
The nurse cares for a patient immediately after a femoral-to-popliteal bypass graft. The nurse is MOST concerned if which of the following is observed?
Clammy skin
A patient arrives in the emergency room complaining of severe pain in the left leg that is not relieved by rest or medication. On physical examination, the nurse is MOST likely to assess which of the following?
Cold, mottled leg
It is MOST important for the nurse to take which action when administering cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
Compress the chest at least a rate of 100 compressions per minute.
The nurse understands that the CABs of CPR stand for which?
Compressions, airway, breathing
Several hours after being admitted to the unit, an intravenous lidocaine drip is started for a patient diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. The nurse understands the purpose of this medication includes which of the following?
Decrease the myocardial irritability.
The nurse understands that the primary purpose of promoting rest following a myocardial infarction includes which of the following?
Decrease the workload of the heart
The nurse cares for a patient diagnosed with angina. The nurse understands that nitroglycerin is used in the treatment of angina pectoris for which of the following reasons?
Decreases preload
A client comes to the cardiac clinic complaining of anorexia, nausea & blurred vision. The nurse understands these symptoms indicate the client may be experiencing which of the following?
Digitalis toxicity
The nurse informs a patient with angina that some common side effects of nitroglycerin include which of the following?
Dizziness, headache, and hypotension
The nurse is caring for a patient 12 hours after aortofemoral bypass. It is MOST important for the nurse to place the patient in which of the following positions?
Full supine
The nurse cares for a patient receiving digoxin (Lanoxin) & hydrochiorothiazine (HCTZ). The nurse understands that a major side effect of hydrochiorothiazine (HCTZ) includes which?
Hypokalemia
The nurse performs discharge teaching for a patient receiving an antihypertensive medication. The nurse determines that further teaching is necessary when the patient makes which of the following statements?
I can stop taking the medication when my blood pressure goes down.
The home care nurse visits a patient with a new permanent pacemaker implanted in the area below the left clavicle. It is MOST important for the nurse to respond to which of the following?
I know my wound is healing because I see drainage from the incision site (drainage, swelling, redness and overall fever indicates infection)
The nurse instructs a patient about hypertension. Which of the following statements, if made by the patient to the nurse, indicates teaching is successful?
I know that I muse see my physical on a regular basis.
One week after discharge from the hospital, a client with heart failure (HF) comes to the cardiac clinic for a follow-up visit. Which of these statements, if made by the client to the nurse, indicates an improvement in the client's condition?
I only sleep on one pillow>
A patient is diagnosed with angina, and the nurse instructs the patient about care at home. The nurse determines that teaching is effective if the patient makes which of the following statements?
If I have chest pain, I should stop my activity and take a nitroglycerin tablet.
The nurse is teaching a patient diagnosed with heart failure about prescribed medication. The nurse explains the purse of digoxin (Lanoxin) includes which of the following?
Increase the strength of the heart's contractions.
The nurse understands that the purpose of a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is to:
Insert the graft
Which of the following nursing measures is MOST effective for preventing thrombophlebitis for a patient while on bed rest?
Instruct the patient to flex and point his toes every two hours.
The nurse understands that the pain of angina is caused by which of the following?
Insufficient oxygen in the heart muscles.
A medical surgical unit is being converted into a cardiac unit d/t increasing numbers of clients coming to the hospital with cardiac conditions. The nurse manager reviews with staff the differences between defibrillation & cardioversion. Which should the manager identify as characteristics that these two procedures have in common?
Intended action & paddle placement
THe nurse is caring for a patient receiving methyldopa (Aldomet). The nurse instructs the patient that a common side effect of Aldomet is which of the following?
Loss of libido
A continuous intravenous infusion of herapin is administered to a patient. It is MOST important for the nurse to have which of the following medications available?
Protamine sulfate
A Patient is started on sodium warfarin (Coumadin). The nurse instructs the patient to regularly obtain bloodwork to measure which of the following?
Prothrombin time
An older man is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of heart failure (HF). Which of the following findings is MOST characteristic of heart failure?
Pulse 110, respirations 24, blood pressure 100/60.
The nurse expects which of these laboratory test results to be elevated in the patient following an acute myocardial infarction?
Serum CK, troponin T and I, and myoglobin
The cardiac nurse instructs a patient scheduled to receive a pacemaker about how the usual cardiac conduction cycle flows. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the natural pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) node
The nurse performs diet teaching for a patient diagnosed with myocardial infarction. The nurse determines that teaching is effective if the patient selects which of the following menus?
Sliced turkey, green beans, bear.
An older client has a medical history that includes hypertension. A public health nurse visits the client regularly and on each visit records the vital signs. The nurse expects which of the following findings for this client?
Temperature (96.8 degrees F(36degrees C)), blood pressure 160/92, pulse 80, respirations 24.
To assess the pulse during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which site should the nurse assess?
The carotid artery.
The nurse supervises care for a patient who had a femoropopliteal bypass graft in the right leg 12 hours ago. The nurse should intervene if which of the following is observed?
The client sits in a chair for 30 minutes. The nurse obtains a Doppler evaluation of the client's right leg every two hours.
The nurse cares for a patient after a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Which observations during the postoperative period MOST concerns to the nurse?
The heavy chest tube drainage suddenly stops.
THe office nurse prepares a client for a resting electrocardiogram (EKG). Which of the following statements by the client indicates teaching is successful?
The more still I can lie, the better the results will be.
The nurse cares for a patient following a myocardial infarction. Which of the following information, obtained during the health history, is MOST significant when planning for the patient's discharge?
The patient has a high-stress job.
A patient is treated for iron deficiency anemia and is started on heparin after a deep vein thrombosis is diagnosed in the left leg. Which of the following observations MOST concerns the nurse.
The patient has a nosebleed.
The nurse cares for patients on the medical unit. Propranolol (Inderal) is ordered for a patient. WHich of the following information found in the patient's history should cause the nurse to intervene?
The patient has had asthma since childhood.
The nurse is planning discharge teaching for a patient diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease. It is MOST important for the nurse to address which of the following?
The patient smokes heavily
In formulating a nursing care plan for a patient following a myocardial infarction, the nurse should include which of the following goals?
The patient will be free from pain and dysrhythmias.
The nurse instructs a client in the outpatient clinic about a stress test. Which of the following statements by the nurse is BEST?
The stress test will determine the amount of stress that your heart can tolerate.
The nurse discovers an unconscious person in the street. The nurse notes that the person is not breathing. The nurse should take which action?
Tilt the person's head back and left the chin
The nurse cares for a patient admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. The nurse understands that a cardiac monitor is attached to this patient for which of the following reasons?
To detect any life-threatening changes in heart rhythm.
The nurse educator conducts an orientation class for new graduate nurses who will be caring patients on the medical surgical unit. The educator should remind the nurses that the QRS complex of an electrocardiogram (EKG) reflects which of the following?
Ventricular depolarization
The nurse understands that the antagonist of Coumadin is which of following?
Vitamin K
The physician prescribes hydrochiorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) 50 mg once a day for a patient. When is the BEST time for the nurse to administer this medication?
With breakfast
The nurse understands that the MOST important factor to maintain adequate circulation is:
blood volume
The nurse recognizes that the type of edema related to cardiac failure is usually:
dependent
Coronary artery disease (CAD
most prevalent form of cardiovascular disease in adults -modifiable factors are smoking, hypertension, inactivity, obesity & diabetes, atherosclerosis causes ischemia resulting in angina, MI and sudden death. Focus to to prevent disease by modifying risk factors
The nurse understands that the cause of essential hypertension is:
not known
The nurse understands that intermittent claudication is:
pain caused by walking
Pain in the lower extremities not relieved by rest indicates
peripheral arterial disease
When a nurse administers dopamine via IV drop, which of the following factors is MOST important?
the patient's weight in kilograms.
A client receiving verapamil (Calan) in the sustained-release form complains of headache. The nurse should inform the client that:
this medication often causes headache.
Vasopressor (dopamine)
used to improve blood pressure, cardiac output, urine output