KIN 245 Manual of Structural Kinesiology (19 ed) Chapter 9, 10, 11, & 12
True
Dorsiflexion is the dorsal aspect of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia
External rotation
Due to the adductor brevis, adductor longus, and adductor magnus all inserting in various locations on the linea aspera, a resulting movement that is facilitated when adducting the hip is ______. ?
True
Each thoracic vertebrae has one pair of ribs that attaches to it laterally.
False
Each toe has three interphalangeal joints except for the great toe which has only two.
True
Heel-strike is normally occurs by landing on the heel with the foot in supination and the leg in external rotation,
External rotation (pg. 236)
Lateral rotary movement of the femur in the transverse plane around its longitudinal axis away from the midline is termed ____
Extension
Posterior movement of the spine in the sagittal plane; where the head moves away from the chest, and the thorax moves away from the pelvis is termed spinal [x1].
Internal rotation
Medial rotary movement of the femur in the transverse plane around its longitudinal axis toward the midline is termed hip _______.
Condyloid
Metatarsophalangeal joints are classified as ____ joints.
Condyloid
Metatarsophalangeal joints are classified as _____ joints.
C1 and C2
Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the joint between _____.
True
Motions of the toe metacarpophalangeal joints include flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Plantar flexion
Movement of the ankle and foot away from the tibia is termed ____.
Flexion
Movement of the anterior femur from any point toward the anterior pelvis in the sagittal plane is termed hip _______.
Adduction
Movement of the femur in the frontal plane medially toward the midline is termed hip ____
Adduction
Movement of the femur in the frontal plane medially toward the midline is termed hip ______.
Extension
Movement of the toes away from the plantar surface of the foot is termed toe _____.
Extension
Movement of the toes away from the plantar surface of the foot is termed toe ______
Flexion
Movement of the toes toward the plantar surface of the foot is termed toe
Dorsiflexion
Movement of the top of the ankle and foot toward the anterior tibia is termed
External rotation
Movements of the biceps femoris at the hip joint include extension, posterior pelvic rotation, and _______
Pronation
A combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction is termed _____
Supination
A combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction is termed _____
Sartorius
Agonist muscles during hip extension include all of the following except the?
Flexion
Anterior movement of the spine in the sagittal plane; where the head moves toward the chest, and the thorax moves toward the pelvis is termed spinal [x1]
True
Articular cartilage is located on the surfaces of both the femur and tibia.
Ture
Sit-ups are an excellent exercise for strengthening the erector spinae muscles.
external oblique abdominal
The [x1] has the following attachments- origin: borders of the lower eight ribs at the side of the chest dovetailing with the serratus anterior; insertion: anterior half of the crest of the ilium, inguinal ligament, crest of the pubis, and fascia of the rectus abdominis at the lower front.
transversus abdominis
The [x1] has the following attachments- origin: lateral one-third of the inguinal ligament, inner rim of the iliac crest, inner surface of the costal cartilages of the lower six ribs, lumbar fascia; insertion: crest of the pubis and the iliopectineal line, abdominal aponeurosis to the linea alba.
splenius capitis
The [x1] has the following attachments- origin: lower half of the ligamentum nunchae and the spinous processes of the seventh cervical and upper three or four thoracic vertebrae; insertion: mastoid process and occipital bone.
Splenius cervicis
The [x1] has the following attachments- origin: spinous processes of the third through sixth thoracic vertebrae; insertion: transverse processes of the first three cervical vertebrae.
Gracilis
The ____ has the following attachments- origin: anteromedial edge of the descending rams of the pubis; insertion: anterior medial surface of the tibia below the condyle
Gluteus medius
The ____ has the following attachments- origin: lateral surface of the ilium just below the crest; insertion: posterior and middle surfaces of the greater trochanter of the femur
Gluteus maximus
The ____ has the following attachments- origin: posterior one-fourth of the crest of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum and coccyx near the ilium, and fascia of the lumbar area; insertion: oblique ridge on the lateral surface of the greater trochanter and the iliotibial band of the fasciae latae
Gastrocnemius
The ____ has the following attachments- origin: posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle (medial head), posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle (lateral head); insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus through the Achilles tendon.
Tibialis anterior
The ____ has the following attachments- origin: upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia; insertion: inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal.
Adductor longus
The _____ has the following attachments- origin: anterior pubis just below the crest; insertion: middle one-third of the linea aspera.
Peroneus tertius
The _____ has the following attachments- origin: distal one-third of the anterior fibula; insertion: superior aspect of the base of the fifth metatarsal.
Extensor hallucis longus
The _____ has the following attachments- origin: middle two-thirds of the medial surface of the anterior fibula; insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe.
Flexor hallucis longus
The _____ has the following attachments- origin: middle two-thirds of the posterior surface of the fibula; insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the great toe on the plantar surface.
Soleus
The _____ has the following attachments- origin: posterior surface of the proximal fibula and proximal two-thirds of the posterior tibial surface; insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus through the Achilles tendon.
Pectineus
The _____ has the following attachments- origin: space one inch wide on the front of the pubis just above the crest; insertion: pectineal line leading from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera.
Lumbar
The _____ vertebrae serve as a link between the pelvic girdle and the thoracic spine-rib cage.
Cervical
The _____ vertebrae serve as a link between the thoracic spine-rib cage and the head.
Adductor brevis
The ______ has the following attachments- origin: front of the inferior pubic ramus; insertion: lower two-thirds of the pectineal line of the femur and the upper half of the medial lip of the linea aspera.
Soleus
The ______ has the following attachments- origin: posterior surface of the proximal fibula and proximal two-thirds of the posterior tibial surface; insertion: posterior surface of the calcaneus through the Achilles tendon.
Tibialis posterior
The ______ has the following attachments- origin: posterior surface of the upper half of the interosseus membrane and the adjacent surfaces of the tibia and fibula; insertion: inferior surfaces of the navicular, cuneiform, and cuboid bones and bases of the second, third, and fourth metatarsal bones.
Tibialis anterior
The ______ has the following attachments- origin: upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia; insertion: inner surface of the medial cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal.
Sartorius
The _______ has the following attachments- origin: anterior superior iliac spine and notch just below the spine; insertion: anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle.
rectus abdominis
The _______ has the following attachments- origin: crest of the pubis; insertion: cartilage of the 5-7 ribs and xiphoid process.
Adductor magnus
The ________ has the following attachments- origin: edge of the entire pubic ramus and the ischium and ischial tuberosity; insertion: whole length of the linea aspera, inner condyloid ridge, and adductor tubercle.
Spinous
The ________ process can be palpated on the posterior surface of the spine when it is flexed:
Sartorius
The _________ has the following attachments- origin: anterior superior iliac spine and notch just below the spine; insertion: anterior medial surface of the tibia just below the condyle.
Gracilis
The _____has the following attachments- origin: anteromedial edge of the descending ramus of the pubis; insertion: anterior medial surface of the tibia below the condyle.
False
The acetabulum inserts into the femoral head to form the acetabular femoral joint. ?
Plantar flexion
The action of the tibialis posterior on the ankle joint is ____
Plantar flexion
The action of the tibialis posterior on the ankle joint is _____.
Extension
The action of the vastus intermedius on the knee joint is _______
extension
The actions of the erector spinae iliocostalis on the spine include [x1], lateral flexion, and rotation.
Lateral pelvic rotation ? Pelvic rotation?
The actions of the erector spinae spinalis on the spine include extension, lateral flexion, and [x1].
Eversion
The actions of the peroneus longus on the ankle joint are subtalar _____ and plantar flexion.
Lateral flexion
The actions of the splenius capitis on the spine include extension, rotation, and [x1].
False
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the outermost anterior and posterior surfaces of the knee joint.
Pivot
The atlantoaxial joint between the first and second cervical vertebrae is classified as a
Head
The biceps femoris has the following insertion _______ of the fibula and lateral condyle of the tibia.
Head
The biceps femoris has the following insertion: ____
Tuberosity
The biceps femoris long head has the following origin: ischial _______.
Posteriorly, extension
The biceps femoris muscle is located ________ and performs _______ of the hip joint. ?
Linea aspera
The biceps femoris short head has the following origin: lower half of the ______, and lateral condyloid ridge.
Spinalis
The erector spinae [x1] has the following attachments- origin: ligamentum nunchae, 7th cervical spinous process, thoracic 11 and 12 spinous processes, and lumbar 1 and 2 spinous processes; insertion: second cervical spinous process, thoracic 5-12 spinous processes, occipital bone.
longissimus
The erector spinae [x1] has the following attachments- origin: medial iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum, lumbar 1-5 transverse processes, and thoracic 1-5 transverse processes, cervical 5-7 articular processes; insertion: cervical 2-6 spinous processes, thoracic 1-12 transverse processes, lower nine ribs, mastoid process.
Iliocostalis
The erector spinae [x1] has the following attachments- origin: medial iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis from the sacrum, posterior ribs three through twelve; insertion: posterior ribs one through twelve, cervical four through seven transverse processes.
True
The erector spinae iliocostalis are considered to be agonist muscles during extension of the spine.
Anterior half of crest of ilium, inguinal ligament, crest of pubis, and fascia of rectus abdominis at lower front
The external oblique abdominal inserts on the _____.
True
The fibula is not part of the ginglymus articulation of the knee joint.
All of the above
The flexor hallucis longus performs which of the following actions? a.great toe flexion b.transverse tarsal and subtalar inversion c.ankle plantar flexion d.all of the above
Laterally, abduction
The gluteus medius muscle is located ________ and performs ________ of the hip joint. ?
Acetabular
The hip joint is also known as the ___ femoral joint
Enarthrodial
The hip joint is classified as a ________ joint that consists of the head of the femur connecting with the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle.
Semimembranosus
The insertion of the _________ muscle is the posteromedial surface of the medial tibial condyle. ?
Iliopectineal
The insertion of the iliopsoas muscle is the pectineal line and the _____ eminence, lesser trochanter of the femur, and the shaft just below. ?
Superior
The insertion of the rectus femoris muscle is the _______ aspect of the patella and the patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity. ?
Anterolateral
The insertion of the tensor fasciae latae muscle is one-fourth of the way down the thigh into the iliotibial tract, which inserts onto Gerdy's tubercle of the ______ tibial condyle.
Costal cartilage of 8th, 9th, and 10th ribs and linea alba
The internal oblique abdominal inserts on the ______
True
The lateral fibula serves as the attachment for knee joint structures but does not articulate with the femur or patella.
True
The location of the erector spinae muscles enables them to extend spine and assist in rotation and lateral flexion.
True
The medial collateral ligament originates on the medial aspect of upper medial femoral condyle and inserts on medial tibial surface.
False
The medial malleolus is an anatomical landmark located on the fibula.
Anterior cruciate ligament
The most common serious knee ligament injury involves the ______
Tibialis anterior
The most prominent tendon crossing the ankle anteromedially and the easiest to palpate is the _____.
Adduction
The movements of the adductor brevis on the hip joint include ____, external rotation, and flexion.
Adduction
The movements of the adductor brevis on the hip joint include ______, external rotation, and flexion.
Adduction
The movements of the pectineus on the hip include flexion, _______, and external rotation.
Extension
The movements of the quadratus lumborum on the spine include lateral flexion and [x1].
Iliopsoas
The origin of the _______ muscle is the lower borders of the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5), inner surface of the ilium, sides of the bodies of the last thoracic vertebra (T12), all the lumbar vertebrae (L1-5), intervertebral fibrocartilages, and base of sacrum. ?
Coccyx
The origin of the gluteus maximus muscle is the posterior one-fourth of the crest of the ilium, posterior surface of the sacrum and ________ near the ilium, and fascia of the lumbar area.
Iliac crest
The origin of the tensor fasciae latae muscle is the anterior _______ and the surface of the ilium just below the crest. ?
True
The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension.
True
The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension. ?
Anteriorly, flexion
The pectineus muscle is located ______ and performs _____ of the hip joint. ?
Tibia
The popliteus has the following insertion: upper posterior medial surface of the ______.
Femur
The popliteus has the following origin: posterior surface of the lateral condyle of the _____
False
The posterior portion of the trunk contains the abdominal muscles.
Lateral flexion
The primary actions of the erector spinae longisimus on the spine include extension, [x1], and rotation.
Inversion
The primary actions of the flexor digitorum longus at the ankle joint are toe flexion, plantar flexion, and _____
Dorsiflexion
The primary actions of the peroneus tertius at the ankle joint include _____ and eversion.
Plantar flexion
The primary movement of the soleus on the ankle joint is _____
Flexion
The primary movements of the biceps femoris at the knee joint include ______, and external rotation.
Abduction
The primary movements of the gluteus medius at the hip joint include ____, as well as internal and external rotation.
Internal rotation
The primary movements of the semimembranosus on the knee joint include flexion, and _____
Internal rotation
The primary movements of the semitendinosus on the hip joint include extension, posterior pelvic rotation, and _____
True
The pubofemoral ligament is located anteromedially and inferiorly and limits excessive extension and abduction. ?
True
The rectus abdominis muscle can control the tilt of the pelvis when contracting.
Tibial
The rectus femoris has the following insertion: superior aspect of the patella and patella tendon to the _______ tuberosity.
Acetabulum
The rectus femoris has the following origin: anterior inferior iliac spine of the ilium and posterior groove above the _______.
Extension
The rectus femoris is more powerful in extending the knee when the hip is in _______
True
The right and left pelvis are joined together by the sacrum at the right and left sacroiliac joints.
True
The right and left pelvis are joined together by the sacrum at the right and left sacroiliac joints. ?
Rotation
The rotary movement of the spine in the transverse plane is termed spinal _____
Anteriorly, flexion
The sartorius muscle is located _________ and performs _________ of the hip joint.
True
The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all insert just below the medial condyle on upper anteromedial tibial surface.
Medial
The semimembranosus has the following insertion: posteriomedial surface of the _______ tibial condyle.
Ischial
The semimembranosus has the following origin: ____ tuberosity
False
The semimembranosus inserts anteromedially on the medial tibial condyle.
False
The semimembranosus inserts anteromedially on the medial tibial condyle. ?
Posteriorly, extension
The semimembranosus muscle is located ________ and performs ________ of the hip joint. ?
Tibia
The semitendinosus has the following insertion: upper anterior medial surface of the ______ just below the condyle.
Ischial
The semitendinosus has the following origin: _____ tuberosity.
False
The semitendinosus is located laterally and internally rotates the knee.
True
The soleus can perform muscular actions only in the sagittal plane.
False
The spinous processes are located anterior with respect to the vertebral bodies.
False
The teres ligament is located superficially and slightly limits adduction. ?
True
The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compared to the fibula.
True
The tibial tuberosity serves as the insertion point for all of the quadriceps muscles. ?
thoracic spine, rib cage, and pelvic girdle
The trunk is composed of the ___.
External rotation
The upper fibers of the gluteus maximus assist in hip abduction, whereas the lower fibers assist in adduction. Together these fibers also carry out hip extension, posterior pelvic rotation, and _____ of the hip.
Patella
The vastus intermedius has the following insertion: upper border of the ______ and patellar tendon to tibial tuberosity.
Femur
The vastus intermedius has the following origin: upper two-thirds of the anterior surface of the _______
Trochanter
The vastus lateralus has the following origin: intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of the greater _____, gluteal tuberosity, upper half of the linea aspera, and entire lateral intermuscular septum.
Tibial
The vastus medialis has the following insertion: medial half of the upper border of the patella and patellar tendon to the _____ tuberosity
Linea aspera
The vastus medialis has the following origin: whole length of the _____ and medial condyloid ridge.
True
The vertebral column is composed of 24 articulating vertebrae.
Inversion
Turning the ankle and foot inward in adduction toward the midline is termed subtalar ______
Eversion
Turning the ankle and foot outward in abduction away from the midline is termed subtalar ____.
Internal rotation
When contracted, the action of the popliteus on the knee joint includes flexion and _____
Extension
When contracted, the action of the vastus lateralis on the knee joint is ______
Flexion
When contracted, the actions of the rectus abdominis on the spine include lumbar [x1] and lateral flexion.
Extension
When contracted, the actions of the splenius cervicis on the spine include [x1], rotation, and lateral flexion.
Inversion
When contracted, the extensor hallucis longus carries out the following actions at the ankle joint: extension of the great toe, dorsiflexion, and subtler _____.
Plantar flexion
When contracted, the flexor hallucis longus has the following actions on the ankle joint: flexion of the great toe, ______ , and inversion.
Flexion
When the semitendinosus contracts, the resultant movement to the knee joint is _____, and internal rotation.
Right sternocleidomastoid
Which if the following muscles contract concentrically to cause cervical flexion, left cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?
Right splenius capitis
Which if the following muscles contract concentrically to cause extension of the head, right cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?
Rich nervous innervation
Which of the following does not contribute to the relative stability of the acetabular femoral joint?
Gluteus medius
Which of the following is considered to be an agonist muscle during hip abduction?
Classified as an arthrodial type joint
Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint?
Semitendinosus
Which of the following is not considered to be one of the quadriceps muscle group?
Decreases stability
Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint?
Sometimes referred to as trochoginglymus joint due to internal and external rotation occurring when in full extension
Which of the following is not correct regarding the knee joint proper?
Provides static stability to the knee joint
Which of the following is not true regarding the hamstring muscle group?
Covered by the vastus fascia
Which of the following is not true regarding the quadriceps muscle group?
All are superficial and palpable except vastus medialis
Which of the following is not true regarding the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis?
Provides the knee with stability
Which of the following is not true with respect to the synovial cavity?
Extensor hallucis longus
Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the great toe when concentrically contracting?
Extensor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles can perform extension of the lesser toes when concentrically contracting?
Flexor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the four lesser toes when concentrically contracting?
Flexor hallucis longus
Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the great toe when concentrically contracting?
flexor hallucis longus
Which of the following muscles can perform flexion of the great toe when concentrically contracting?
Tibialis anterior
Which of the following muscles can perform inversion of the foot when concentrically contracting?
Flexor hallucis longus
Which of the following muscles does not perform eversion of the foot?
Peroneus tertius
Which of the following muscles does not perform plantar flexion?
Biceps femoris
Which of the following muscles externally rotates the knee?
Flexor digitorum longus
Which of the following muscles has its insertion on the base of the distal phalanx of each of the four lesser toes?
Semimembranosus
Which of the following muscles internally rotates the knee?
Gastrocnemius
Which of the following muscles may be palpated on the upper one-half of the posterior aspect of the lower leg?
Soleus
Which of the following muscles only performs plantar flexion
Erector Spinae
Which of the following muscles would be most effective in performing anterior pelvic rotation?
Left sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following muscles would not be concentrically active when attempting to place the right ear on the right shoulder while lying on the left side?
all of the above
Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the abdominal muscles?
The interosseus membrane is located around the tibia and fibula shafts to provide support
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the tibiofibular joint?
Extension
_______ of the knee is the only movement attributed to the vastus medialis.
True
Pronation is a combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction.
Laterally, abduction
he gluteus medius muscle is located ________ and performs ________ of the hip joint. ?
Flexion
n right or left lateral [x1], the head moves laterally in the frontal plane toward the shoulder and the thorax moves laterally toward the pelvis.
False
All of the erector spinae muscles run horizontally parallel to the spinal column.
Gerdy's condyle
All of the following are key bony landmarks of the knee joint except?
True
All three of the vasti muscles of quadriceps originate on proximal femur and insert on patellar superior pole.
Flexion
Bending or decreasing the angle between the femur and the lower leg is termed _________
Flexion
Contraction of the adductor longs results in adduction of the hip, and assisting in hip ____
Flexion
Contraction of the adductor longus results in adduction of the hip, and assisting in hip _____.
Extension
Contraction of the adductor magnus results in adduction of the hip, external rotation, and hip ______.
True
Extensor hallucis longus can perform weak inversion of the foot.
Extension
Extreme _____ of the spine would be prevented in part by the spinous processes.
True
For the pelvis to rotate a significant amount motion must occur in either the right hip, the left hip, the lumbar spine or some combination of these joints. ?
Flexion
If desiring to emphasize work on the gluteus maximus during resisted hip extension exercises, the knee should be placed in _________. ?
rectus abdominis
In performing lateral flexion against gravity such as in a lateral sit-up, which of the following muscles would be least effective?
False
Inversion is turning the ankle and foot outward away from the midline of the body where the weight is on medial edge of foot.
True
Reduction of the spine is defined as a return movement from lateral flexion to a neutral position.
External rotation
Rotary movement of the lower leg laterally away from the midline is termed ________
Internal rotation
Rotary movement of the lower leg medially toward the midline is termed ______
Extension
Straightening or increasing the angle between the femur and the lower leg is termed ____
Extension
Straightening or increasing the angle between the femur and the lower leg is termed _______
True
Tibialis anterior performs dorsal flexion of the ankle in the sagittal plane.
True
Toe flexion is movement of toes toward plantar surface of the foot.
Gastrocnemius and soleus
Triceps surae refers to the ____
