KIN 3304 exam 1
Which of the following is a true statement about stabilizer muscles?
They are essential in establishing a relatively firm base for the more distal joints to work from when carrying out movements.
Which of the following statements is true of Ruffini's corpuscles?
They are located in deep layers of the skin and the joint capsule.
Which of the following is a true statement about agonist muscles?
They cause a joint motion through a specified plane of motion when contracting concentrically.
Which of the following is not a true statement about antagonist muscles?
They work against agonist muscles by contracting and preventing movement.
Lowering the arm to the side or the thigh back to the anatomical position is an example of _____.
adduction
Abduction takes place around the _____ axis.
anteroposterior
Motion between the articular surfaces of bones is known as _____.
arthrokinematics
All of the following are provided by muscles except _____.
attachment points for other muscles
The _____ is the point at which all of the body's mass and weight is equally balanced or equally distributed in all directions.
center of gravity
The frontal plane divides the body into _____.
front and back halves
If the _____ plane runs from medial to lateral, then its axis must run from front to back.
frontal
Each of the following joints allows a slight amount of motion to occur except _____.
gomphosis
An instrument used to measure the change in joint angles is a(n) _____.
goniometer
Motion of the bones relative to the three cardinal planes resulting from physiological movements is known as _____.
osteokinematic motion
Knee extension occurring from femoral condyles rotating forward on tibia as a person stands from a squatting position is an example of the accessory motion called _____.
roll
If the knee were not able to slide, the femur would _____ when going from flexion to extension on a stationary tibia.
roll off the front of the tibia
Adduction movement at the wrist in the frontal plane of the little finger side of the hand toward the medial forearm is called _____.
ulnar flexion
Identify Newton's law of acceleration.
A change in the acceleration of a body occurs in the same direction as the force that caused it.
When flexing all of the fingers joints maximally in combination with maximal wrist flexion and no further flexion of any of the involved joints may be reached, the result is _______.
Active insufficiency of the extensor muscles
Which of the following statements accurately represents the relationship between linear and angular motion?
Angular motion of joints produces the linear motion of walking.
Which of the following pairs of variables exhibits an inverse relationship?
Both force and the force arm and resistance and the resistance arm
Which of the following does not describe a way in which machines function?
By enhancing force in an attempt to increase total force needed to overcome a resistance
Which of the following statements is true about circumduction?
Combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction
_____ is the ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond its normal resting length.
Extensibility
Abduction is an example of movement in a coronal plane about an anteroposterior axis.
F
About 50 to 60 percent of the volume of cortical bone is porous.
F
Aging causes progressive gain of collagen and increases bone brittleness.
F
Both sesamoid and accessory bones occur in same numbers in individuals.
F
Cancellous bone is stiffer and can withstand greater stress, but less strain, than cortical bone.
F
Contractility is the ability of muscle to contract and develop tension or internal force in the same direction as a resistive force when stimulated.
F
During the process of bone remodeling, osteoblasts resorb existing bone and osteoclasts form new bone.
F
Eccentric muscle contractions are referred to as muscle actions instead of a contraction since the muscle is shortening as opposed to lengthening.
F
Generally, parallel muscles will produce a lesser range of movement than similar-size muscles with a pennate arrangement.
F
In rapid running movements in which moving inertia is high, an individual has to raise the body's center of gravity to maintain balance when stopping or changing direction.
F
Isokinetic muscle contractions involve a dynamic movement wherein the speed of movement is variable.
F
It is not possible for a muscle to cause more than one action in an associated joint.
F
Ligaments and connective tissue provide dynamic stability to joints when actively contracting.
F
Mass is the effect of gravity on the amount of matter in a body.
F
Slight variations in the location of a force and a resistance have no effect in determining the mechanical advantage (MA) and effective force of a muscle.
F
The conscious awareness of the position and movement of the body in space is called kinesthesis.
F
The endosteum is located at the ends of long bones.
F
The more sudden the activation of a myotatic reflex, the less significant the reflexive contraction.
F
The sartorius is an example of a strap muscle.
F
There are approximately 552 skeletal muscles in the human body.
F
Typical bony features include diaphysis, epiphysis, and articular cartilage.
F
What term is used to describe the movement of the ankle that results in the top of the foot moving toward the anterior tibia in the sagittal plane?
Flexion
Which of the following is a proprioceptor associated with muscle tissue?
Golgi tendon organ
Which of the following terms refers to the tendency for the current state of motion to be maintained, whether a body segment is moving at a particular velocity or is motionless?
Inertia
Which of the following is an example of a transverse plane movement?
Internal rotation of the right shoulder
Which of the following statements is true about an isometric muscle contraction?
It is a dynamic contraction.
Which of the following is not a true statement of isokinetic exercise?
It is not another type or classification of muscle contraction.
Which of the following is not true of an eccentric muscle action?
It is typically called a positive type of muscle contraction.
Which of the following is not a classification of the types of neurons?
Motor neurons
Which of the following could be done to reduce the amount of force needed to move a lever?
Move the resistance closer to the axis
Which of the following is not a characteristic after which muscles are named?
Nerve
Which of the following is the basic functional unit of the nervous system responsible for generating and transmitting nervous impulses?
Neuron
_____ is a useful way to determine muscle action and is done through using the sense of touch to feel or examine a muscle as it contracts.
Palpation
_____ occurs when an antagonistic muscle becomes stretched to the point where it can no longer lengthen and allow movement.
Passive insufficiency
Which of the following exemplifies a second-class lever in the human body?
Plantar flexion of the ankle to raise the body on the toes
Bone is composed of all of the following except _____.
Protein
Forward movement of the shoulder girdle in the horizontal plane away from the spine is called _____.
Protraction
The three specific types of accessory motions are _____.
Roll, spin, glide
Which of the following terms means related to, or situated to the left or on the left side of, something?
Sinister
Which of the following pairs of muscles produces the strongest contractions?
Sphincter and fusiform muscles
Which of the following statements is correct?
Static equilibrium is when the body is at rest or completely motionless.
Which of the following is not an example of forces that act individually or in combination to provide mechanical loading that may result in excessive tissue deformation?
Straightening
Which of the following does not result in the contraction of the muscle fibers in a particular motor unit?
Subthreshold stimulus
Which of the following terms refers to a position of the foot and ankle resulting from a combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction?
Supination
A person riding a bicycle in a straight line at 7.5 miles per hour would be more balanced than the same person riding the bicycle at 4.8 miles per hour in a straight line.
T
All muscle contractions are classified as either isometric or isotonic.
T
Biomechanics is the study of mechanics related to the functional and anatomical analysis of biological systems.
T
Bone size and shape are influenced by both the direction and magnitude of forces that are habitually applied to them.
T
Bones continue to grow longitudinally as long as the epiphyseal plates are open.
T
Bones reshape themselves based upon the stresses that are placed upon them.
T
Both the size and the shape of bones can limit or allow movements.
T
Diagonal abduction is movement by a limb through a diagonal plane away from the midline of the body.
T
Diarthrodial joints are also known as synovial joints.
T
Dynamics involves the study of systems in motion with acceleration.
T
Each muscle in the human body may be innervated by a single nerve or multiple nerves.
T
Flexion or extension can occur in combination with abduction, adduction, or rotation.
T
Generally, longer muscles can shorten through a greater range and are more effective in moving joints through large ranges of motion.
T
In order for rotation to occur in objects with a fixed axis an eccentric force must be applied in line with the center of rotation of the object.
T
Isotonic contractions are classified as concentric or eccentric on the basis of whether shortening or lengthening of the muscle occurs.
T
Joint movement may occur without any muscle contraction.
T
Linear displacement is the distance a system moves in a straight line.
T
One of the functions of articular cartilage is to separate the diaphysis and epiphysis.
T
Overall the human leverage system is built for speed and range of movement at the expense of force generation.
T
The central, fleshy portion of a muscle is called the gaster.
T
The hyaline cartilage is quite resilient because it is slightly compressible and elastic.q
T
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) can be divided into sensory and motor divisions.
T
The scapula is an example of an irregular bone.
T
The term "action" refers to a specific movement of a joint that occurs as a result of a concentric muscle contraction.
T
The term "isokinetics" describes a type of dynamic exercise that uses concentric and/or eccentric muscle contractions.
T
The two major types of fiber arrangements are parallel and pennate.
T
Two different muscles may contract simultaneously at a joint and cause a motion that neither would cause if contracting alone.
T
Velocity is how fast an object is moving, or the distance an object travels in a specific amount of time.
T
When a muscle is suddenly stretched, resulting in an eccentric contraction that is followed by a concentric contraction of the same muscle, the total force generated in the concentric contraction is greater than that of an isolated concentric contraction.
T
Which of the following statements is true of concentric muscle contractions?
The force developed by the muscle is less than that of the resistance.
Which of the following is the correct definition of kinesiology?
The study of the principles of anatomy, physiology, and mechanics in relation to human movement
