Kine 120

Anxiety disorder

While symptoms of anxiety look a lot like emotional responses to stress, anxiety is actually persistent, excessive worry that doesn't go away, even in the absence of a stressor. Fortunately, anxiety can be treated through medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of the two.

Goal

a shared objective that is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-specific.

(WHO) defined health

a state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Stressor

a stimulus that causes a stress response

Stroke (also known as a "brain attack")

a stroke occurs when blood vessels to the brain become damaged or blocked.

Atherosclerosis

a type of arteriosclerosis that is caused by a long term build-up of fatty deposits called plaque on the interior of the vessel wall.

Limitations

acknowledge the constraints on the study methodology. Common limitations include sample size and data collection methods.

Social Readjustment Rating Scale

acknowledged the impact of life events on future risk of disease. Life events were assigned a numerical value. These "life change units" indicated the amount of readjustment that a person had to make following an event. Total scores were used to predict the likelihood of an individual's future risk of stress-related disease or illness.

health-related fitness

cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, body composition, and neuromotor fitness; fitness parameters that are related to reduced risk of hypokinetic conditions and to an enhanced quality of life.

Chronic stress

occurs when the stressors are perceived to always be present and the body never has a chance to overcome the fight or flight response.

General Adaptation Syndrome Resistance Stage

our body tries to counteract the physiological impact of the alarm stage. By activating the parasympathetic nervous system, the body reduces less cortisol, which reduces heart rate and blood pressure. The continuation of the resistance stage depends on how long the stressor lasts.

prone

refers to someone who is lying face down

supine

refers to someone who is lying face up

cardiovascular system

relating to the heart and blood vessels

cardiorespiratory

relating to the heart and the respiratory system

Fight or flight response

survival mechanism that allows humans to react quickly to life-threatening situations

Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptionetry (DEXA)

has been considered the gold standard for bone density measurements, but it can also be used to estimate regional and total body fat and lean tissue mass.

Physical wellness

healthy behaviors, such as eating a clean diet and including regular exercise, as keys to good health. Nutrition and physical activity are part of the physical dimension of wellness, along with getting the recommended amount of sleep. Physical wellness also encompasses avoiding risky behavior, such as alcohol and other drug misuse and distracted driving.

Hypertension

high blood pressure (HBP) is called the "silent killer" because many people are unaware that they have high blood pressure. HBP causes the heart to work harder. HBP can be present for years and will cause damage to blood vessels, increasing the risk of stroke or a heart attack. It is important to have your blood pressure taken regularly to determine whether or not you have high blood pressure since it is asymptomatic.

physiology

how the structures function together to support life

Evidence pyramid

illustration of hierarchy of study design

Aerobic

meaning "with oxygen," describes activity which increases the body's demand for oxygen, increasing heart rate and respiration

anaerobic

meaning "without oxygen," describes activity at a higher intensity of exercise which typically cannot be maintained for a long duration

Scientific Method

methodical approach to answering questions, conducting experiments, and devising conclusions

Air Displacement Plethysmography

(ADP, commonly known as Bod Pod) uses a similar technique as hydrostatic weighing to measure overall body density, which gives an estimate of total body fat and lean tissue. The accuracy of this method is similar to hydrostatic weighing, but it is easier to perform and may be more appealing to the general population.

8 dimensions of wellness

- Physical - Emotional - Intellectual - Social - Spiritual - Environmental - Cultural - Occupational

Ways to manage stress

1. exercise 2. social support 3. meditation 4. positive thoughts 5. make a plan

Core Cirriculum

42 hours of general education courses that every student in a Texas public institution must complete before receiving an undergraduate degree.

Hypothesis

A single statement that offers a prediction of the expected outcome of an experiment, or an answer to the research question. Many hypothesis styles exist, but the preferred method in this course is an "If.... then" statement

Exercise

A subcategory of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposive in the sense that the improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness is the objective (CDC, 2011).

Physical Inactivity

Activity can reduce the risk of obesity, heart disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, and mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. The mechanism by which activity reduces heart disease risk is unknown. A new phenomenon called "sitting disease" has been identified. Taking short activity breaks for two minutes every hour will help prevent negative health consequences from sitting too long.

Sedentary behavior

Activity that involves little or no movement or physical activity, having an energy expenditure of about 1-1.5 METs. Examples are sitting, watching TV, playing video games, and using a computer. (Booth, 2014)

Analysis

After the experiment is conducted and/or the data is collected, it is analyzed and interpreted through graphs, charts, and written explanations.

Physical activity

Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal level (Hales, et. al., 2020)

"Life and Physical Science"

Children are born scientists. Through their natural process of exploring and questioning, they discover new information about the world around them each day. This process continues into adulthood

DOMS

Delayed onset muscle soreness; pain related to new mechanical stress on the muscles in a new way, it peaks at 24-72 hours after onset of the activity.

superior

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body. The eyes are superior to the chin.

inferior

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body; near or toward the lowest part of the spinal column. The pelvis is inferior to the abdomen.

posterior

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body. The shoulder blades are posterior to the lungs.

Anterior

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body. The toes are anterior to the heel of the foot.

Medial

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body. The nose is medial to the ears.

Lateral

Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body, or away from the midline of the body. The pinky toe is on the lateral side of the foot.

Depression disorder

Difficulty sleeping, sleeping too much, changes in appetite, withdrawing from activities, feelings of sadness, and difficulty concentrating are just some of the diverse symptoms of depression. Just as with anxiety, depression is commonly diagnosed in college students as they encounter "firsts"

Diabetes

Elevated blood sugar levels damage the inside of the blood vessel wall over time. This in turn elevates blood pressure and can contribute to atherosclerosis. Heart attacks and strokes are the leading causes of death for people with diabetes.

Scientific Inquiry (National Science Teachers Association Position Statement)

First introduced as a method of thinking that was equally important to science content, but often interpreted as a set of steps and procedures, such as the "scientific method." Later, scientific inquiry became understood as a hands-on and minds-on approach requiring more than a set of steps, and was referred to as a "habit of the mind"

FITT

Frequency, Intensity, Time and Type of activity during an exercise session

Experiment

In a lab or clinical setting, the subjects or specimens are divided into two groups, with one serving as a control (no intervention or change), and an experimental group that receives the intervention or change. Sometimes an "experiment" is conducted by reviewing data from existing sources.

VO2 Max

Maximum oxygen uptake-the most oxygen your body can utilize during a maximal effort of activity

Power 9

Nine behaviors that the research team believes contribute to a very long, high quality of life. These are; moving naturally, purpose, downshifting (stress), not filling their stomachs over 80%, plant slant diet, moderate amount of wine, sense of belonging, focus on loved ones, and community.

Occupational wellness

Occupational wellness is not only selecting a career path that you find rewarding and satisfying, but also juggling the roles and responsibilities you have (now, as a student, and in the future).

Obesity

Overweight and obese individuals are at a higher risk than individuals with ideal body weight. Obesity is associated with high blood pressure and with high cholesterol levels. Adult risk increases with a waist measurement of 35 inches or higher for women and 40 inches or higher for men.

Stress management

Strategies that help people deal with life's difficulties and reduce risk of negative health effects.

Suicide risk

Suicidal thoughts can result from unmanaged depression. A recent systematic review also highlighted "cumulative stressful life events, sleep difficulties, a disconnection from others, and a sense of hopelessness" as factors with significant association with heightened suicide risk in college students.

Observation

The process begins with an observation of something interesting that the researcher would like to learn more about

Question

This observation leads to a question, which the individual will attempt to answer through research. The question should be open-ended, rather than answered with a yes or no. A question might ask why something occurs or express a wondering about the effects of a change or intervention

corony heart disease

a blockage in one or more of the major blood vessels of the heart. Restriction of blood flow in the heart can cause pain in the chest called angina pectoris. When blockage from plaque or a blood clot completely blocks the vessel in the heart it triggers a heart attack.

Conflict

a clash or disagreement between teammates.

body system

a group of organs that contribute to specific functions in the body

Health Care Team

a group of professionals that contribute to your overall health. This team can include your doctor, chiropractor, physical therapist, dentist, nutritionist, etc.

Stress

a nonspecific response of the body to any demand

continuum

a range of incremental steps, from one extreme to the other.

Heart rate

amount of times per minute the heart contracts

Scientific literacy

an individual's ability to use science in everyday life

Skinfold calipers

are commonly used by trainers to measure skinfold thickness at five sites on the body. Measurements are incorporated into formulas that predict body fat percentages.

Hypokinetic conditions

are created or exacerbated by sedentary living. "Hypo" means low and "kinetic" means movement. Hypokinetic conditions include diseases like coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and some forms of cancer and even age related dementia. Other hypokinetic conditions are obesity, diabetes, low back pain, osteoporosis, and some mental health issues.

Confounding variables

are individual variances that cannot or were not controlled by the researcher and that can affect the dependent variable. In human research, confounding variables abound. Age affects exercise response, environmental conditions impact nutrition habits, and childhood experiences influence an individual's stress response.

bioelectrical impedance (BIA)

assesses body composition by measuring the flow of a small electrical current through the body. Water impacts the impedance, so total body water is measured and then fat-free mass is calculated.

General Adaptation Syndrome Alarm Stage

begins with a distress signal. The sympathetic nervous system stimulates a release of adrenaline and cortisol. Because of this, we notice our typical physiological response to stress - increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and a sudden burst of energy. We often refer to this as the "fight or flight" response.

Cross sectional study

characteristics from one group of study participants are compared to characteristics from another group of study participants. For example, characteristics within a group of 20-year-old participants may be compared to those of a group of 60-year-old participants.

skilled related fitness

comprised of agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed; qualities related to performance in sports, in work related activities, as well as every day activities.

Hydrostatic weighing

computes the body's density by measuring the difference of body weight on land and in the water. Then, the different densities of fat mass and fat-free mass are used to estimate total body fat percentage.

Social wellness

does not have anything to do with how many friends you have or your social status. Instead, it's about how well you communicate and cooperate with people (even people you may not have anything in common with). Practicing social wellness also asks us to consider how our actions may affect others.

Longevity

duration of life

Environmental wellness

explores the reciprocal relationship we have with our environment. This dimension is about understanding the impact of our actions on our environment on a personal level, within our community, and on a global scope.

Biological age

is a measure of how your body is withstanding the aging process and it is influenced by the health-related choices you make on a regular basis

Spiritual wellness

is about finding meaning and purpose in our lives and is reflected in our values, morals, ethics, and beliefs. This dimension can be strengthened and expressed through participation in a faith-based organization, but is not limited to that type of setting, alone.

Wellness defined by National Institute of Wellness

is an active process by which people become aware of, and make choices toward, a more successful existence.

Flexibility

is defined as the range of motion (ROM) about a joint.

Intellectual wellness

is learning new skills and utilizing the opportunity to be creative. While in school you may feel like you have plenty of practice with this dimension, but how will you practice and strengthen this area of wellness after you graduate? Think of opportunities to learn outside of the classroom: learning a new hobby, a new language, traveling to new destinations, and applying critical thinking to current events to understand their impact on our world. Think of intellectual wellness as learning because you want to; not because you have to.

Acute stress

is perceived as an immediate, perceived physical or emotional threat.

Mobility

is the ability to move freely without anatomical restriction.

Stability

is the resistance to movement.

Inactivity

physical activity levels less than those required for optimal health and prevention of premature death (Booth, 2014). Physical activity generally refers to the subset of physical activity that enhances health.

Biometrics

physical characteristics that indicate current health and future risk of illness or disease

Cardiac Output Heart

rate multiplied by stroke volume, measured in each minute

General Adaptation Syndrome Exhaustion Stage

reached only in periods of extended stress. Exhaustion occurs because the body's physical and emotional resources are depleted by continuously trying, but failing, to overcome the alarm stage. In this phase, the body is no longer equipped to deal with stress.

Financial wellness

requires developing skills to manage your finances, such as setting and sticking to a budget, setting short and long term goals related to financial responsibility, and knowing the difference between wants and needs. The goal is understanding and avoiding the stress financial burdens can create.

Conclusion

researcher states whether the hypothesis is accepted or rejected based on the data collected. The conclusion also offers recommendations for future studies.

anatomy

structures of the system

Stroke Volume

the amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle with each beat VO2 Max

Chronological age

the amount of time you've been alive, marked by the year you were born

Homeostasis

the body's ability to maintain a relatively constant internal state, despite changes in external stimuli

Geriatics

the branch of medicine that addresses the issues of people with advanced age

neuromotor exercise

the newest addition to health related fitness, also called motor or functional fitness training; exercise training that involves motor skills such as balance, coordination, gait, agility, and proprioceptive training (ACSM, 2018).

Longitudinal study

the same study participants are recorded at intervals to track changes over time.

Emotional wellness

this dimension is related to identifying and expressing your feelings, whatever they may be, in a constructive way. Someone with a high level of emotional wellness is able to navigate life's unexpected and difficult challenges.

NPR uses the term scientific literacy

to describe an individual's ability to use science in everyday life; the actual application of scientific concepts and processes in personal decision making, participation in civic and cultural affairs, and economic productivity.

Critical Thinking Skills (Team work)

to include creative thinking, innovation, inquiry, and analysis, evaluation and synthesis of information.

Communication Skills (Team work)

to include effective development, interpretation and expression of ideas through written, oral and visual communication.

Social Responsibility

to include intercultural competence, knowledge of civic responsibility, and the ability to engage effectively in regional, national, and global communities.

Personal Responsibility (Team work)

to include the ability to connect choices, actions and consequences to ethical decision-making.

Teamwork

to include the ability to consider different points of view and to work effectively with others to support a shared purpose or goal.

Empirical and Quantitative Skills (Team work)

to include the manipulation and analysis of numerical data or observable facts resulting in informed conclusions.

MRI

uses three-dimensional imaging and is not widely used as a body composition assessment technique However, it is the only measurement technique that can indicate fat (adipose tissue) in muscles and organs such as the liver and has comparable accuracy to DEXA.