Kine - Body Weight and Composition

Which of the following statements regarding the thyroid gland are correct?

1. The thyroid gland is located in the neck. 2. The thyroid gland produces a hormone that is involved in metabolism.

In which of the following ways do hormones play a role in appetite and energy expenditure?

1. They adjust metabolic rate. 2. They monitor stomach fullness. 3. They act in the brain to signal when to finish eating.

Which of the following statements are correct about very-low-calorie diets (with a daily intake of 800 calories or less) for treating obesity? (Select all that apply.)

1. They should only be attempted under a doctor's supervision. 2. They can help people lose 20% of their body weight in 26 weeks.

Obese people have an increased risk for which of the following health problems?

1. coronary heart disease 2. high blood pressure

What are characteristics of a healthy body weight?

1.body composition with an acceptable amount of fat 2. absence of medical conditions 3. acceptable body mass index 4. fat distribution that is not a risk factor for illness

Worldwide, what is the estimated percentage of people around the world who are obese?

13%

Because a pound of body fat stores about this many calories, you will need to decrease your total calorie intake for the week by this same number of calories to lose one pound of weight.

3,500

At which point during a person's life does weight often start to decrease?

60 years and older

Which of the following questions should consumers ask before using herbal and dietary supplements for weight loss?

Do the proven benefits (if any) outweigh the risk and side effects? What are the potential risks and side effects of the product? Is there data to support the claims that this product works?

True or false: Worldwide, rates of obesity are very similar between countries.

False

How are non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) and exercise activity thermogenesis (EAT) related in different people?

NEAT and EAT are both highly variable.

What are reasons weight-loss drugs are not recommended for anyone who is obese?

They can have side effects. They require medical supervision.

What could happen if people have too little body fat?

They would not be able to produce hormones.

Which of the following statements regarding surgical options for weight loss are true?

Typical weight loss after surgery is greater than weight loss with medication. Gastric surgery should not be used as a first-line approach to obesity.

What are the two current classes of prescription weight loss drugs?

Weight loss drugs that act in the brain and those that act in the body.

What is the relationship between restrictive diets and weight loss?

When people leave restrictive diets, they tend to gain weight.

At the onset of menopause, fat distribution shifts to the

abdomen

As the rate of obesity has risen in the United States, the rate of diabetes has

also risen

Which of the following is NOT a factor associated with good health?

an extremely low body weight

Weight-loss aids are not regulated as highly as medications because weight-loss aids

are marketed as dietary supplements.

The rate at which the body uses energy to maintain basic life functions is known as the

basal metabolic rate.

For which of the following groups is Overeaters Anonymous generally best suited?

binge eaters, persons with emotional issues related to weight

The amount of typical body fat in a normal, healthy person

can differ according to a person's gender.

Surgical treatments for weight loss

can improve or eliminate diabetes.

Fad diets typically follow a pattern of altering the balance of which of the following components? (Select all that apply.)

carbs, protein, fat

Fat carried around the waist, or abdomen, is called ______ obesity.

central

To measure their abdominal fat, people can measure the

circumference of their waists.

The relationship of the intake calories to the consumption of calories through metabolism and movement is called

energy balance

If obese parents adopt children who become obese, this scenario demonstrates how obesity can be caused by

environmental factors.

To gain weight, you should eat energy-dense foods, such as

fish and nuts

defining characteristic of diabetes is

high levels of glucose in the bloodstream.

Where do obese women in their 30s and 40—before the onset of menopause—tend to accumulate fat?

hips and thighs

The experience of weight discrimination

leads to behaviors that increase obesity.

When you sleep, you expend ______ energy than when you are awake.

less

Obesity levels have increased for children in

lower-income households.

If you keep a steady weight, your hormones

maintain your food intake and energy expenditure to within 10 calories of each other.

If your body takes in fewer calories than your body uses, this situation is known as

negative energy balance.

According to the National Institutes of Health, 34.9 percent of Americans are considered

obese

Body weight that greatly exceeds the recommended guidelines as indicated by a BMI of 30 is defined as

obesity

Among low-income children in the United Sates ages 2 to 4, an estimated ______ is obese.

one in three

Among American adults, just over 33% meet the criteria for

overweight

Body weight that exceeds, but does not greatly exceed, the recommended guidelines is referred to as

overweight

Fad diets typically label products as "good" or "bad," and they often typically

prescribe foods that allegedly burn fat. require the elimination of one of the basic food groups.

An overactive thyroid gland can cause a person to lose weight because it

speeds up a person's metabolism.

Cortisol is responsible for doing this to the appetite.

stimulating

Adrenaline is an appetite

suppressant

An estimate of the amount of energy required to process the food an individual eats is known as the

thermic effect of food.

A person's body mass index measures a person's ______ relative to his or her height.

weight

To gain weight in a healthy manner, you should engage in physical activity that emphasizes

weight training

Obese people who were bullied for being overweight in childhood

will also face discrimination as adults.