Kines 116 First Aid Test

Head, neck, spine injuries -care for possible head, neck, or spine injuries

maintain open airway, minimize movement, monitor vitals, control external bleeding with direct pressure unless obvious skull fracture

Poisoning -care for poisonous snakebite

observe victim for reaction wash site with soap and water keep wound lower than the heart keep victim quiet DO NOT...use ice/cold, suck on wound or cut the wound

Head, neck, spine injuries -care for nosebleeds

pinch nostrils and sit with head slightly forward to avoid choking. check in 5 min and repeat if still bleeding. call 911 if bleeding is severe

Chest, abdomen, pelvis injuries: -signs and symptoms of pelvic injury

possible loss of sensation or movement in the legs ,similar signals to abdominal injury (nausea, bleeding, bruising, severe pain)

Poisoning -signals of reaction to insect sting

redness swelling presence of a stinger possible signals of an allergic reaction pain

Poisoning -tick removal

remove tick gently wash area with soap and water observe site periodically apply antibiotic ointment or antiseptic to help prevent infection inform doctor

Substances -administration of naloxone

reverse effects of opioids...nasal spray or injectable... use in opioid overdoes as allowed by local rules and laws if individual has slowed breathing extreme drowsiness and small pupils

Cold-related emergencies -how the body warms itself

shivering, blood to heart

Musculoskeletal injuries: -Procedures and guidelines for splinting

-Splint only if if have to move person -Splint injury in position found -Splint injury and areas above and below injury -Check circulation before and after splinting

Musculoskeletal injuries: -General care

-Visual survey -Rapid assessment and assessment of responsive victim -Call 911 if involves head neck or back, impairs walking or breathing, see or suspect fracture dislocation multiple injuries slow capillary refill time (pinch finger and see reconfiguration of blood flow) -Rest injured part by avoiding painful movements -IMMOBILIZE serious injuries -COLD to injured area but have barrier between skin and cold -ELEVATE injured part if it does not cause further injury -Splint potentially...

care for children and elderly -assessing an elderly person

-beware of increased risk of confusion, falls, serious head injuries, and problems with the heat and cold -call them mr. mrs. -eye level communication -clear speech due to increased risk of hearing problems -find out medications

Sudden illnesses -care for seizure

-clear space around victim or move victim away from immovable objects -don't try to stop the seizure -protect victims head with folded towel -call 911 -place in recover position if they start foaming or vomiting -provide person with as much privacy as possible

Moving and rescuing victims -considerations for the rescuer when deciding to move a victim

-extent of danger -size of victim -physical ability of rescuer(s) -bystander available? -victim's condition

Moving and rescuing victims -when to move a victim from a scene

-fire/explosion -lack of o2 -risk of drowning -risk of structure collapse -uncontrollable traffic hazards

Care for shock

-keep airway open and clear -have victim lie flat on back -control external bleeding -don't let them get chilled or over heated -don't give food or water -reassure victim -monitor vital signs

care for children and elderly -how to assess a child

-observe the child before touching them -remain calm -communicate clearly with the guardian and child (eye level with child talk slow and use simple words with simple questions) -Do not separate the child from loved ones -gain trust through your actions (check conscious child from feet to head, explain what you're going to do before you do it)

Moving and rescuing victims -rescuing victims in water

-reaching assist -throwing assist -wading assist *Keep yourself safe *Don't do a full body rescue

10. In stroke recognition, FAST stands for: a. Face, arm, speech and time. b. Feet, airway, speech, and temperature. c. Fever, anxiety, stress and taste. d. Flexibility, asthma and sudden tightness in the chest.

A

3. How should you care for someone with minor frostbite on the fingers? a. Get the person to a warm environment and then rewarm his or her hands using skin-to-skin contact. b. Have the person shake his or her hands vigorously until feeling is restored. c. Immerse his or her hands in hot water. d. Massage his or her hands vigorously.

A

A poison can enter the body through eating, drinking, inhaling, absorption through the skin, and ___________. A.Injection B.Intolerance C.Imbalance of electrolytes D.None of the above

A

An epinephrine auto-injector is used to treat: A.Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) B.Mild allergic reaction C.Chest pain D.Low testosterone

A

If you suspect a head or neck injury: A.Support the head and neck in the position found. B.Move the head until the neck is straight. C.Always place in the recovery position. D.Have the victim sit up

A

To treat strains and sprains, use the acronym RICE,which means ______________: A.Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate B.Run Inside, Call, EMS C.Rescue, Incline, Compress, Eliminate pain D.Rub, Ice, Crutches, Elevate

A

What is the best way to control bleeding? A.Direct pressure B.Use of a tourniquet C.Elevation D.Pressure points

A

signs and symptoms of shock

Altered mental status, pale cool and clammy skin, nausea and vomiting, vital sign changes.

Correct order of steps to control bleeding

Apply PPE and then apply pressure with gauze or dressing until bleeding stops, wrap wound with bandage. Leave embedded object in to control bleeding Take amputated part, wrap in sterile dry dressing, put in seal tight bag or container, write down date and time, put seal tight bag or container into another container or bag that has ice water solution in it (not dry ice...)

11. Care for a person with heat exhaustion includes the following: a. Force the person to quickly drink a lot of water. b. Get the person out of the heat and into a cooler place. c. Put more layers of clothing on the person as protection against the heat. d. All of the above.

B

12. This sudden illness results from too much or too little sugar in the person's blood. What is it? a. Allergic reaction b. Diabetic emergency c. Seizure d. Stroke

B

13. When caring for a person who is having a seizure, you should: a. Place a spoon or wallet between the person's teeth. b. Remove nearby objects that might cause injury. c. Try to hold the person still. d. All of the above.

B

15. Heat-related illnesses include the following: a. Fainting and hyperglycemia b. Heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke c. Heat cramps, stroke and insulin shock d. Hypoglycemia and sunstroke

B

2. What is the first step in caring for a wound with significant bleeding? a. Add bulky dressings to reinforce blood-soaked bandages. b. Apply direct pressure with a sterile or clean dressing. c. Apply pressure at a pressure point. d. Care for shock.

B

7. Which type of injury involves an open wound in which the bone has torn through the skin? a. Dislocation b. Open fracture c. Sprain d. Strain

B

9. A young woman is having trouble breathing and, based on your check of the person, you suspect that she is having a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting. What should you do? a. After about 15 minutes, call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number. b. Call 9-1-1 immediately and care for the person until EMS personnel take over. c. Give the person a cool drink. d. Give the person abdominal thrusts.

B

Always suspect shock if a person: A.Is mean, slurs his words, and smells of alcohol B.Is bleeding heavily C.Stopped exercising from a leg cramp D.Stepped on a nail

B

If a permanent tooth is knocked out, put it in a container of milk and see a dentist within: A.15 minutes B.30 minutes C.2 hours D.24 hours

B

To flush an eye that has been exposed to a chemical, have the injured eye______ the unaffected eye. A.Higher than B.Lower than

B

To treat a nosebleed, hold pressure on the bridge of the nose and have the person: A.Lean slightly back B.Lean slightly forward C.Apply a heat pack to the nose D.Lie flat on the floor

B

What is the best way to remove a tick? A.Smother it in butter. B.Lift it out carefully with tweezers. C.Scrape it off with a hard, flat object like a credit card. D.Burn it off with a hot match.

B

What should you do for a diabetic person who acts confused or irritable? A.Call the doctor B.Give sugar to eat or drink C.Assist by giving a shot of insulin D.Wait to see if the person improves

B

What should you do if you think someone has a broken leg? A.Splint in the position found with a heating pad on the injured area. Wait for EMS. B.Keep the person calm and still in the position found until EMS arrives. C.Place in the recovery position while waiting for EMS. D.Place on a hard, firm, flat surface, and wait for EMS

B

What should you do if yougeta chemical in youreye? A.Cover both eyes and wait for EMS. B.Flush with water immediately and continue for at least 20 minutes. C.Cover the injured eye and drive yourself to the hospital. D.None of the above

B

8. How do you care for a person with a possible head, neck or spinal injury? a. Move the injured area so that it rests above the person's heart. b. Move the person into a comfortable position as soon as possible. c. Support the head in the position you find it. Do not try to align it. d. None of the above.

C

Sudden illnesses -general care

Check scene and victim Call 911 if needed Care with no further harm, provide specific care, treat for shock

care for chemical burns

Chemical: Check scene and victim Call 911 Care -brush off excess dry chemical -flush area with water under low pressure -remove contaminated clothes -treat for shock

1. If an open wound continues to bleed after applying direct pressure: a. Add additional dressings and continue to apply direct pressure. b. Do not remove any blood-soaked dressings. c. Ensure that 9-1-1 or the local emergency number has been called. d. All of the above

D

14. The general care for a muscle, bone or joint injury includes the following: a. Reduce, Insulate, Compress and Evaluate b. Rest, Ibuprofen, Cool and Evacuate c. Rest, Immobilize, Cold and Elevate d. None of the above

D

4. A woman burned her hand in the lunchroom. You should: a. Cool the burn with large amounts of fresh running water. b. Cover the burn loosely with a dry, sterile dressing. c. Remove her from the source of the burn. d. All of the above.

D

5. What sudden illness is usually caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain? a. Diabetic emergency b. Heat-related illness c. Heart attack d. Stroke

D

6. What is a common signal of sudden illness? Changes in a. Changes in level of consciousness b. Loss of vision or blurred vision c. Signals of shock d. All of the above

D

Difficulty breathing may be a sign of: A.Heart attack B.Asthma attack C.Anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction) D.All of the above

D

For a responsive victim, get consent to help then assess the person by doing the following: A.Ask questions to help find out what is wrong. B.Watch and listen for difficulty breathing. C.Look head to toe for injuries, and check for medical alert jewelry. D.All of the above

D

How should you REACT to an emergency? A. Assess the scene for safety B. Estimate the number of victims, and call 911 C. Get the first aid kit and put on PPE before helping D. All of the above

D

Signs of anaphylaxis(a severe allergic reaction)may include: A.Swollen face, eyes, throat, tongue B.Difficulty breathing C.Symptoms start quickly D.All of the above

D

What is the most important thing to do if you think someone is having a heart attack? A. Give aspirin and wait to see if it helps B. Help the person lie down C. Call the person's doctor D. Call 911 (activate EMS)

D

What should you do for a person who shows signs of heat stroke? A.Stretch and massage cramping muscles. B.Have the person put on a hat to protect from the sun. C.Help the person walk slowly to cool down. D.Rapidly cool the person by immersing(dunking) in water up to the neck

D

What should you do for a person with an object, like a knife, stuck in their leg? A.Rinse the wound with water, and apply antibiotic ointment and a sterile dressing. B.Quickly remove the object and apply direct pressure to stop the bleeding. C.Always cut the object shorter to make it easier to transport the person. D.Call 911, control bleeding, and stabilize the object in place.

D

Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding

Discoloration/bruising, nausea, coughing up blood, painful/swollen/firm tissue, signs of shock

Cold-related emergencies -care for frostbite

Handle frostbitten areas very carefully... rewarm frost bitten part in water or skin to skin contact then bandage loosely to protect area, do not break blisters

Musculoskeletal injuries: -Anatomy of a joint

Ligament is bone to bone (sprain) Tendon is muscle to bone (strain) Dislocation occurs at a joint where one bone has been displaced Fracture can be closed (simple) or open (compound)

Care for internal bleeding

Minor: Follow RICE R: Rest I: Ice C: Compress E: Elevate the point of injury Serious: 1. Call 9-1-1 2. Care for shock 3. If vomiting occurs, roll onto side

When Not to Splint

Most dislocations should be splinted as found, but follow local protocols. Attempts to realign or reduce dislocations may lead to more damage. -Don't splint if you don't have to move the person

Most effective method to prevent disease transmission

PPE

Cold-related emergencies -care for hypothermia

Raise their body temperature gradually, take off wet clothing dry person get dry clothes wrap in blankets get in front of heat source, warm liquids and no caffeine or alcohol. DO NOT Do not submerge hypothermic patient in warm water due to risk of heart arrythmia, same with massaging extremities due to cold blood going back to heart...

Heat-related emergencies -care for heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke

Rest in a cool environment, loosen and remove clothing, cool wet clothes, small amounts of a cool fluid...More severe=Rapidly cool the person and get their temperature down, immerse person into a tub of cold water

Chest, abdomen, pelvis injuries: -care

Ribs: give person a blanket to hold against ribs to support area and use sling and binder to hold arm against blanket Impaled object: do not remove object apply pressure to edges of wound put gauze to hold object in place Abdominal: (open) apply moist sterile dressing loosely over wound, cover in plastic wrap, cover dressing with towel to maintain warmth...(closed) put victim on back and bend knees slightly to take pressure off, apply ice or direct pressure pelvis: minimize movement and control bleeding with direct pressure

SAMPLE acronym

SAMPLE stands for Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent Past History, Last Oral Intake, Events Leading to Injury or Illness

Musculoskeletal injuries: -methods for immobilizing and where each method would be used

Shoulder: sling and binder Elbow: sling and potential binder Wrist: rigid splint Knee: rigid splint Lower leg injury: anatomical splint Ankle or foot: soft splint

general care for burns

Thermal: Check scene and victim Call Care Chemical: Check scene and victim Call 911 Care -brush off excess dry chemical -flush area with water under low pressure -remove contaminated clothes -treat for shock Electrical: Check Call 911 Care -cool burns -cover burns -treat for shock

Ways to minimize disease transmission

Wear PPE before any care is provided

Head, neck, spine injuries -most important emergency care

call 911 minimize movement, monitor vitals, control external bleeding with direct pressure unless obvious skull fracture

Poisoning -care for ingested poisoning

call PCC and only force victim to vomit if advised to. This will not be advised if person is unresponsive, pregnant, seizure, has heart disease

Head, neck, spine injuries -signs and symptoms of serious injuries

changes in level of consciousness, tingling or loss of extremity sensation, sudden loss of memory, blood in ears or nose, nausea, loss of balance

Substances -care for abuse or misuse

check scene call 911 if person is unresponsive, confused, has trouble breathing, chest pain or abdominal pain that won't go away, vomiting blood, has seizure... if none of these things are happening call Poison help line

Moving and rescuing victims -support of head and neck

clothes drag

Heat-related emergencies -relationship between heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke

conditions caused by overexposure to heat and/or loss of fluids and electrolytes...Heat-related illness, if not cared for promptly, can get progressively worse in a very short period of time.

Heat-related emergencies -signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion

cool pale clammy flushed skin, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, dehydration, dizziness, elevated HR, cramps

Poisoning -care for insect stings

examine for stinger (if stinger found, remove it with a plastic card) wash site with soap and water cover site with a dressing to keep it clean apply an elastic bandage apply ice pack

Sudden illnesses -care for diabetic emergency

give victim sugar, if condition doesn't improve in 10-15 minutes than call 911 -treat victim for shock -give victim fruit juice or soda or candy -let victim unwrap candy or hold cup of liquid to test for full responsiveness -15-20grams of sugar -do not give insulin

Poisoning -ways poisons enter the body

ingestion, inhalation, absorption and injection.