Kines Test 2 part 1
Common gait issues from poor dorsiflexion or pronation
Overpronation Medial knee drift Hip drop Low back stress
Ligaments of the ankle
-anterior tibiofibular ligament -posterior tibiofibular ligament -anterior talofibular ligament -posterior talofibular ligament -calcaneofibular ligament -medial (deltoid) ligament
Dorsiflexion degrees
10 to 20 degrees needed for smooth gait and squat form
Hamstrings should be about _____ percent as strong as quads for healthy knee mechanics.
60%
Pronation combines three movements
Eversion of the calcaneus, Dorsiflexion at the ankle, Abduction of the forefoot
Atlas (C1)
First cervical vertebra, supports the skull. Nods yes
Bursae
Fluid-filled sacs reducing friction in joints.
Valgus forces
Force that pushes towards the center of the body
Supination combines three opposite movements
Inversion of the calcaneus, Plantarflexion at the ankle, Adduction of the forefoot
Arches of the foot
Medial longitudinal arch Lateral longitudinal arch Transverse arch
Axis (C2)
Second cervical vertebrae. Allows the head to shake "no"
SCASC
Stability Core control Ankle mobility Strength Coordination
Q angle
The angle between the line of quadriceps force and the patellar tendon. Alignment of the knee's train tracks.
Myofascial components of sacrotuberous and dorsosacral ligaments
They blend with fascia and muscle, helping transfer forces between legs and spine.
Role of erector spinae and capitis and cervicis muscles
They keep your spine tall and assist with extension, lateral flexion and rotation of the neck.
2 joint muscle
a muscle that crosses multiple joints and can move two joints
herniation of an intervertebral disk
abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal or spinal nerves
Ligaments of the spine
anterior longitudinal posterior longitudinal ligamentum flavum interspinous supraspinous
3 curves of the spine
cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis
Muscles used for breathing
diaphragm, external intercostals, internal intercostals
Flexor Hallucis Longus
flexes great toe
Meniscofemoral & capsular ligament
give supporting stability
high ankle sprain
injury to syndesmosis ligaments between tibia and fibula
Synovial fluid
joint-lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane
PCL (posterior cruciate ligament)
prevents tibia from sliding backward
ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)
prevents tibia from sliding forward
Dynamic stability of the knee
provided by quadriceps & hamstrings
MCL (medial collateral ligament)
resists valgus forces from the outside
LCL (lateral collateral ligament)
resists varus forces from the inside
Pes Anserinus
sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
Abnormal curves of the spine
scoliosis, kyphosis, lordosis
Low ankle sprain
tear of ligaments "below the ankle"
Regional Interdependence
the concept that seemingly unrelated impairments in a remote anatomical region may contribute to, or be associated with, the patient's primary complaint.
Stance phase
tibia externally rotates, foot supinates to become rigid for push off
Contact phase
tibia internally rotates, foot pronates to absorb forces
Lower cross syndrome
tight hip flexors coupled with tight erector spinae producing anterior tilt; tight rectus abdominus coupled with tight hamstrings, producing a posterior pelvic tilt
Rupture
to burst or break open (usually a body part)
