Kinesiology Midterm
the walls of the blood vessels known as ___ are lined with smooth muscles fibers
Arteries
which of the following veins drains directly into the subclavian vein
Axillary
The most distal group of vertebrae contains 4 vertebrae fused together into a structure called the ___________.
Coccyx
This type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle belly shortens.
Concentric
Which of the following is not a major artery of the upper extremity?
Deep palmer arch
The veins that return blood back to the heart are divided into 2 types. what are they?
Deeps Veins, Superficial veins.
The shaft of the bone is also called the ______________.
Diaphysis
the relationship between the ulnar (medial) styloid process and the radial (lateral) styloid process is such that the radial (lateral) styloid process is more
Distal
what is another name for the ability of a muscle to stretch?
Extensibility
Movements of the shoulder girdle includes elevation, depression, abduction, and circumduction. T or F
FALSE
Anatomical position defines a subject who is standing in an upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, and palms facing the body. T or F
False
Blood travels in both directions in the veins. ( towards and away from the heart) T or F
False
Blood vessels bring waste to the muscle tissues and carry away nutrients.
False
Nerves are divided into two categories either motor or sensory. T or F
False
The glenohumeral ligament is divided into three parts: Superior, Lateral, and Posterior. T or F
False
The ligaments of the wrist include: capsular ligament, volar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments, annular ligament, and the radial and ulnar collateral ligaments. T or F
False
The scapula is a long, slender, S-shaped bone that attaches to the sternum. T or F
False
The transverse plane divides the body into equal left and right halves. T or F
False
The articulation formed by the clavicle and the scapula is often referred to as the
AC joint
What type of bone can be found in the head, chest and shoulder and is fairly flat?
Flat bones
The carpal tunnel is created by the __________________ and the ___________________.
Flexor Retinaculum, Extensor retinaculum
Adds stability to the shoulder joint
Glenoid labrum
Which of the follwoing instruments measure joint range of motion?
Goniometer
The veins carry blood to the ______________ . They are able to do this by the use of pressure and _______________.
Heart and Valves
Shoulder joints Prime Mover, Antagonist, Fixator, Synergist?
Prime Mover: Middle Deltoid Antagonist: Pectoralis Major Fixator: Supraspinatus Synergist: Anterior and posterior delotid
Elbow Joint Flexion 4 parts
Prime Mover: biceps brachii Antagonist: triceps brachii Fixator: Brachioradialis Synergist: brachialis
What type of bone does not fit into any of the other 3 bone catagories? (example... vertebra)
Irregular
Wrist Joints 4 Parts
Prime Mover: extensor digitorum Antagonist: palmaris longus Fixator: extensor digiti minimi Synergist: Extensor carpi ulnaris
Finger Joints (MP PIP DIP) 4 parts
Prime Mover: flexor digitorum superficialis Antagonist: Extensor digitorum Fixator: palmaris longus Synergist: flexor digitorum profundus
Shoulder girdle Prime Mover, Antagonist, fixator, synergist?
Prime Mover: levator scapulae Antagonist: upper and lower trapezius Fixator: middle trapezius Synergist: rhomboids
Forearm Pronation 4 parts
Prime Mover: pronator teres Antagonist: supinator Fixator: Biceps brachii Synergist: pronator quadratus
In the anatomical position, depression of the shoulder girdle is defined as
Impossible
creates a passage of the suprascapular nerve and blood vessels
Inferior transverse scapular ligament
the 3 most common conditions resulting from excesive spinal curvature are ________, ________, and ________.
Kyphosis, Lordosis, Scoliosis
Tendons that are shorter and are attached to the distal end of the bone are called tendons of ____________________.
Insertion
The only portion of the triceps brachii muscle that crosses the shoulder joint is the
Long-head tendon
which of the following shoulder girdle actions is performed by the pectoralis major
NONE(!!upward rotation/adduction/elevation)
Rhomboids
O: Seventh cervical through 5th thoracic vertebrae I: Vertebral border of scapula A: Shoulder elevation and adduction
Subscapularis
O: Subscapular Fossa I: Lesser humeral tuberosity A: Shoulder Flexion and IR
Biceps Brachii
O: Supraglenoid Tubercle and Coracoid Process I: Radial Tuberosity A: Elobw Flexion & Forearm Supination
Biceps Brachii
O: Supraglenoid tubercle and Coracoid process I: Radial tuberosity A: Shoulder flexion, abduction, adduction, and IR
Supraspinatus
O: Supraspinatus Fossa I: Greater humeral tuberosity A: Shoulder abduction
Supinator
O: Ulna I: Radius A: Supination
When describing a long bone, what part surrounds the bone and is where new bone cells are made?
Periosteum
The Sternoclavicular joint is very stable due to its bony arrangement but allows
a gliding, rotational type in all diretion
the 2 bones of the forearm are the ________ and the ___________.
Radius, Ulna
What type of muscle is responsible for moving the skeleton?
Skeletal
Muscle tissue is divided into what 3 types
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
The type of skeletal muscle fiber that is smaller, darker (more red) , and are slower to fatigue are called ____________ twitch fibers
Slow
This ligament creates a foramen for the suprascapular nerve to pass through.
Superior Transverse Scapular Ligament
Which of the following muscles does not have a role in the rotator cuff, which provides both motion and stability at the glenohumeral joint
Teres major
Which two bones make up the Shoulder Girdle?
The Clavicle and Scapula
Muscle Extensibility
The ability to stretch
How many cords of nerves make up the brachial plexus
Three
The __________ brachii is often most associated with elbow joint extension.
Triceps
In regards to muscle indentification, the term "Pollicis" is used to refer to the thumb. T or F
True
Scapulohumeral Rhythm decribes the relationship between the scapula and the glenohumeral joint in regards to shoulder abduction. T or F
True
Skeletal muscle is encased by a form of connective tissue called the epimysium T or F
True
The 5 lumbar vertebrae are the largest vertebrae. T or F
True
The first cervical vertebrae is also called the Atlas. T or F
True
The phalanges, also known as digits, are labeled distal, middle, and proximal in regards to their respective anatomical position. T or F
True
The proximal end of a joint is less mobile and closer to the mid point of the body than the distal end of the joint. T or F
True
The shoulder is also known as a triaxial joint which means it can perform movements in all cardinal planes. T or F
True
The elbow can perform flexion and extension in the sagittal plane. This means that the elbow is a
Uniaxial Joint
the muscle that runs btween the coracoid process and the scapula and the medial surfrace of the humerus opposite of the deltoid tubersoity is known as the ___ muscle
coracobrachialis
two ligaments known as the conoid and the trapezoid ligaments, which join the scapula and the clavicle together are commonly called the ____ ligaments
coracoclavicular
the short head of the biceps brachii originates on the
coracoid process
joints between the bones of the face and the skull are known as the ___ joints
craniofacial
which of the following muscles does not originate on the common extensor tendon?
extensor carpi radialis longus
which of the following muscles is considered an extrinsic muscle of the little finger?
extensor digiti minimi
a very prominent source of attachment for both the trapezius muscle and the ligamentum of muchae is the
external occipital protuberance
the superior and inferior obliquus muscles are considered ____ muscles of the eye-ball
extrinsic
Axons conduct nerve impulses ____ a cell body
away from
When the anle formed at a joint diminshes and the movement takes place in the sagittal plane, the movement is known as
flexion
the olecranon fossa is found on the ___
humerus
the ___ bone, found in the head, has not attachments to any other skull bones and thus is not considered a bone of the skull
hyoid
The pelvis is made up of what 3 bones
ilium, ischium, pubic bone
the extensor indicis extends the MP, PIP and DIP joints of the ___ finger
index
which of the following cranial muscles is not considered a muscle of the external ear?
inferior auricularis
the ligament running between the shafts of the ulna and radius is known as the
interosseous ligament (membrane)
the supinator-extensor group of forearm muscles originates on the
lateral humeral epicondyle
a broad superficial muscle of the lower back, lateral and iner
latissimus dorsi
which of the following muscles is not considered a posterior muscle of the shoulder girdle?
latissimus dorsi
the hypothenar eminence is formed by the muscles that move the
little finger
Bones are classified by their shapes into what 4 major categories?
long short flat irregular
which of the following bones connects o the tympanic membrane?
malleus
which of the following muscles is a muscle of mastication
masseter
the ___ sinus is located in the cheekones of the face
maxillary
the pronator-flexor group of forearm muscles originates on the
medial humeral epicondyle
the muscles of the forearm that flex and extend only the wrist insert on either the carpal bones or the
metacarpals
the lumbricales located deep within the hand, both extend the interphalangeal joints and flex the
metacarpophalangeal joints
which of the following joints is considered biaxial?
metcarpophalangeal
extension of the wrist occurs primarily at the ____ joints
midcarpal
the malleus, incus, and stapes are located in the __ ear
middle
Which part of the deltoid muscle is involved only in shoulder joint abduction
middle fibers
The origin of a muscle is most likely defined as being located at the
most stable bony attachment
A motor unit is a motor neuron and all the ____ it supplies
muscle fibers
A series of sacromeres linked together is known as a
myofibril
The third class levers places the resistance
on the opposite side of the axis as the force
the movement of the thumb that allows grasping of objects is known as ___
opposition
the only flexor muscle of the wrist whose tendon of insertion does not pass under the flexor (volar) retinaculum is the ____
palmaris longus
which of the following muscles is not considered an anterior muscle of the shoulder joint
pectoralis minor
a bundle of fibers within a muscle is wrapped in a fibrous sheath known as the
perimysium
The term ___ refers to the contraction of cardiac muscle
systole
what muscle known as the latissiumus dorsi's little helper extends, adducts and internally rotates the shoulder joint?
teres major
the infraspinatus muscle and which of the following muscles are usually considered the primary external rotators of the shoulder joint?
teres minor
muscle Elasticity
the ability to return to the muscles original position
Muscle contractility
the ability to shorten
limits the superior movement of the humeral head
Coracoacromial ligament
Triceps Brachii
O: Infraglenoid Tubercle I: Olecranon Process A: Elbow Extension
Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinatus Fossa I: Greater humeral tuberosity A: Shoulder extension and ER
Anconeus
O: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus I: Olecranon Process A: Elbow Extension
Brachialis
. O: Anterior Shaft of Humerus I: Coronoid Process A: Elbow Flexion
Beginning with arteries, place the following blood vessels in the correct order. arteries veins capillaries venules arterioles
1- Arteries 2- Arterioles 3- Capillaries 4- veins 5- Venules
List the sections of the vertebrae in order from top to bottom.
1- Cervical 2- Thoracic 3- Lumbar 4- Sacral 5- Coccyx
The human body contains ________ bones. (give a number)
206
All total, there are how many vertebrae?
33
The vertebrae are divided into how many sections?
5
What percentage of individuals over 60 have osteoporosis?
50 %
In regards to movements of the wrist and hand which of the following joints can perform extension?
A and C are correct
the structure known as the anatomical snuffbox is formed by the tendons of the extensor pollicis brevis and the
Abductor pollicis longus
The wrist is defined as a biaxial joint with a gliding movement among all the numerous joints. This gliding movement results in which of the following fundamental movements:
All the above
The anatomical _____________ can be used to locate navicular and is created by the extensor ___________ ____________ and the extensor _____________ ____________.
Anatomical snuffbox, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis.
The arterioles and the _____________s supply blood to the tissues.
Arteries
The middle wall of these blood vessels ________________ contain a lot of smooth muscle winch contracts with the heartand helps pump blood throughout the body.
Arteries
Match each ligament group with their primary function. - A. B. C. D. Atlantooccipital - A. B. C. D. Atlantoaxial - A. B. C. D. Costovertebral - A. B. C. D. Occipitoaxial
Atlantooccipital Correct C. Attach occipital bone to C1 [None Given] Atlantoaxial Correct D. Attach occipital bone to C2 [None Given] Costovertebral Correct B. Articulate the ribs with the thoracic vertebrae [None Given]
Connective tissue can be found in cartilage, soft tisssue, and ___________.
Bone
What concept below is known as Wolff's Law?
Bone adaption to stress
The ulnar and radial ateries are branches of which of the following arteries?
Brachial
the release of which of the folowing substances causes the cross bridges to move, which in turn causes a sacromere to shorten?
Calcium
The ____________ provide blood directly to the cells.
Capillaries
What type of muscle tissue is involved in the beating of the heart?
Cardiac
What am I ? I can be found at the end of each epiphysis. Moreover, I provide for smooth movement and I help protect the end of the bone from wear and tear.
Cartilage
The Coracoclavicular ligament of the AC joint is actually made up of which two ligaments:
Conidod and Trapezoid
Tendons are extensible and elastic.... but they are not _____________.
Contractile
Which of the following ligaments is not present at the AC joint of the shoulder girdle?
Costoclavicular
Brachoradialis
O: Lateral Epicondyle of Humerus I: Radial Styloid Process A: Elbow Flexion
wich one of the following carpal bones is in the distal row of carpals
Hamate
Slow twitch fibers are more red because they have a greater supply of ___________. This is the part of the blood that is responsible for carrying oxygen.
Hemoglobin
The elbow and forearm are composed of what 3 bones?
Humerus, Radius, Ulna
The ulnar nerve is one of the 5 major nerves of the brachial plexus that arise from the ___________ __________.
Medial Cord
Which of the following is not a motor nerve?
Medial cutaneous nerve
when someone either donates blood or has blood drawn for testing purposes the blood is likely to be drawn from the ___ Vein
Median cubital
Teres Minor
O: Lateral Scapular border I: Greater humeral tuberosity A: Shoulder extension and ER
Pronantor Quadratus
O: Radius I: Ulna A: Pronation
In regards to the carpal bones, which one is known for its poor blood supply and therefore its poor response to injury?
Navicular
The human body is made up of 4 kinds of tissue. Name the types.
Nerve, Muscl, Epithelial, Connective
Nerve tissue is divided into what 5 types?
Neurons, Spinal Chord, Spinal Nerves, Cranial Nerves
Pronator Teres
O: Coronoid Process I: Radius A: Pronation
which of the following terms does not approriately fit with the other three. Notch, Process, tubercle, tuberosity?
Notch
Levator Scapulae
O: 1st four cervical vertebrae I: Verterbral border of the scapula A: Shoulder elevation and adduction
Pectoralis Major
O: 2-6th ribs, sternum, clavicle I: Surgical neck of humerus A: Shoulder flexion, adduction, IR
Trapezius
O: Base of skull and all cervical and thoracic vertebrae I: Spine of scapula and clavicle A: Shoulder elevatio nand adduction
Coracobrachialis
O: Coracoid process I: Mid medial humerus A: Shoulder flexion
The loss of calcium and other minerals, due to the natural aging process, causes bones to become porous and brittle. This condition is called ____________.
Osteoporosis
The ____________ is responsible for pronation of the forearm.
Pronator teres
List the five major functions of the Skeletal System.
Protection, support, movement, storage and blood cell formation (hemopoiesis)
The functional unit of a skeletal muscle is known as a
Sacromere
This is a large wing-like bone that is triangular in shape.
Scapula
The shoulder joint is the articulation between the...
Scapula and Humerus
Which catagory of bones does the patella fall into?
Sesamoid
Which type of bone is embedded within the tendon of a muscle unit to provide a mechanical advantage?
Sesamoid
The three major types of muscles include cardiac, skeletal, and _____________ muscle.
Smooth
What type of muscle tissue lines the arteries and other organs in the human body?
Smooth
What three ligaments make up the SC joint?
Sternoclavicular, costoclavicular, interclavicular
The Suprascapular Nerve innervates which two muscles of the rotator cuff?
Suprasinatus infraspinatus
Relative to the elbow and forearm, the ulnar collateral ligament has 3 distinct parts. The anterior band, the posterior band, and the ______________ band.
Transverse
Crosses the origin of the biceps brachii
Transverse humeral ligament
The serratus anterior originates on the uper nine ribs and inserts on the ____________ . Its primary action is shoulder abduction.
Vertebral border of the scapula
Intervertebral discs are made of primarily __________________ and _____________. Their primary function is to serve as ________________ and __________ _____________.
Water, Protein, spacers, shock absorbers.
when the humerus abducted to the point that the arm is held upright over one's head the scapula is
abducted
The movement of the shoulder joint to occur in the frontal plane, which of the following joint actions must take place?
abduction
for movement of the shoulder joint to occur in the frontal plane, which of the following joint actions must take place?
abduction
the primary function of the biceps brachii at the shoulder joint is flexion, but the long head tendon of the bicep brachii also assists with what other movement of the shoulder joint?
abduction
the serratus anterior muscle is primarily involved in what shoulder girdle action?
abduction
when all three portion of the deltoid muscle contract together, the shoulder joint moves into
abduction
What ligament suffers a complete tear with a grade 2 shoulder separation (AC Joint Injury)?
acromioclavicular ligament
at the lateral end of the spine of the scapula, there is a wide, bony projection of the spine known as the ____
acromion process
the primary movement of the shoulder girdle produced by the contraction of the rhomboids is
adduction
the rhomboid muscles help elevate the scapula as well as rotate it downward to produce what other scapular movement?
adduction
ulnar deviation of the wrist in the frontal plane otherwise also known as ___ of the wrist
adduction
which of the following movements is defined as movement in the frontal plane toward the midline of the body
adduction
The rotator cuff is made up of which of the following muscles:
all the above?
A function of two or more bones forming a joint is also known as
an articulation
which of the follows muscles assists the triceps brachii in extension of the elbow joint
anconeus
the ligament that holds the radial head to the ulna is known as the _____ ligament
annular
the largest fontanel in an infants skull is the
anterior fontanel
of the following muscles involved in pronation--supination of the forearm, which crosses the elbow joint
biceps brachii
one of the tendons of which of the following muscles lies in the anatomical structure known as the intertubercular groove?
biceps brachii
which of the following anterior muscles is involved in supination of the forearm
biceps brachii
Saclike structures that protect soft tissues as they pass over bony projections are known as _____
burse
the radial head rotates on what aspect of the humerus
capitulum
the joints between the bones of the wrist and the bones of the hand are known as the ____ joints
carpometacarpal
which of the following movements is not considered a fundamental movement of the wrist?
circumduction
the pectoralis major muscle has two distinct parts: a lower portion known as the sternal part and a superior portion known as the ____ part
clavicular
the wrist joint is stabilized on the medial and lateral sides by ____ ligaments from the radius and ulna
collateral
which of the following joints is not capable of circumduction?
distal interphalangeal
The primary function of the interosseus membrane, as discussed in the text, is:
distribute pressure evenly between the ulna and radius when force is applied
the levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles are innervated by the ____ nerve
dorsal scapular
in addition to elevation of the scapula, the levator scapulae muscle performs what other shoulder girdle action?
downward rotation
the function of the brachialis muscle is
elbow flexion
Another name of the "growth plate" is the __________ plate.
epiphyseal plate
which of the following muscles does not originate on the common flexor tendon?
flexor digitorum profundus
which of the following muscles is not considered an intrinsic muscle of the thumb (thenar eminence) ?
flexor pollicis longus
the band of tissue at the wrist that keeps the wrist and hand flexor muscles from rising up under the tension is known as the ____
flexor retinaculum
the tendons passing through the structure known as the carpal tunnel are considered primarily ___ of the wrist and hand
flexors
the anatomical opening in the ccpital bone where the medulla oblongata and spinal nerves pass through is known as the ___
foramen magnum
Joint motion is typically described as taking place about an axis and within a ____
plane
from the anatomical position, internal rotation of the forearm is called ___
pronation
a muscle found just proximal to the wrist that helps in the action of turning the forearm and the palm of the hand downward is the ____
pronator quadratus
list 2 functions of cartilage.
protections bone from wear and tear. Provides for smooth movement
when referring to a structure of an extremity being closer to the trunk than another structure, we say that it is ___ to the other structure
proximal
the structures known as the supracondylar ridges are located where in anatomical relation to the epicondyles?
proximal to the epicondyles
the olecranon process of the elbow joint is located on the posterior aspect of the
proximal ulna
the opening in the center of the iris is known as the
pupil
the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow joint is also known as the
radial collateral ligament
movement of the wrist into abduction is anatomicaly known as
radial deviation
flexion of the wrist primarily ocurs at the ___ joints
radiocarpal
A motion occurring in the horizontal (transverse) plane about a vertical axis is known as
rotation
an axis of the body that passes through the body horizontally from front to back is known as ___ axis
sagittal horizontal
movement taking place in the frontal plane occurs about the
sagittal horizontal axis
The most lateral carpal bone of the proximal carpal row is the ____
scaphoid
the bone lying directly beneath the anatomical snuffbox is the carpal bone known as the
scaphoid
the radiocarpal joint is the articulation between the radius the lunate and the ___ bone
scaphoid
which of the following carpal bones is also known as the navicular bone?
scaphoid
the coracoid process is found on the ___
scapula
the glenoid fossa (shoulder joint socket) is located on the lateral aspect of the ____
scapula
the inferior angle, the medial border, the lateral border, and the spine are all bony landmarks associated with which of the following bones?
scapula
The Long Thoracic Nerve innervates which of the following muscles?
serratus anterior
the coracoid process of the scapula serves as the attachment for the conjoined tendon of the coracobrachialis muscle and what other muscle?
short head of the biceps
The primary action of the pectoralis minor is
shoulder adduction
a cavitywithin a bone, typically containing air and lined with mucous membrane, is known as a ____
sinus
the joints (sutures) between the bones of the skull are classified as ___ joints except for the joint between the mandible and the temporal bone
synarthroidial
the costoclavicular ligament is found in which of the following joints of the shoulder?
sternoclavicular
when the elbow joint is held in full extension, the olecranon process and the epicondyles form a ____
straigh line
a muscle of the rotator cuff tat crosses the anterior portion of the shoulder joint and is a major internal rotator of the shoulder joint is the ____ muscle
subscapularis
the leser tuberosity of the humerus serves as the source of attachment for which of the following muscles?
subscapularis
the muscle known as the initator of shoulder joint abduction is the __ muscle
supraspinatus
Joints with no observable movement are known as ____ joints
suture
The most common type of lever found in the human body is the ___ lever
third class
Match the following vertebrae with their appropriate body areas.
thoracic Correct B. chest [None Given] lumbar Correct C. lower back [None Given] cervical Correct A. neck [None Given] All Answer Choices A. neck B. chest C. lower back
the thenar eminence is formed by the intrinsic muscles of the ____
thumb
Dendrites conduct nerve impulses ___ a cell body
toward
the opponens policis muscle moves the thumb
toward the little finger
the muscles that originates from the base of the skull (external occipital protuberance) to the end of the thoracic vertebrae (approximately two-thirds of the way downthe back) is known as the ____
trapezius
the glenohumeral joint is which type of joint
triaxial
the muscle chiefly responsible for the extension of the elbow joint is the ___
triceps brachii
the spool-like structure at the distal end of the humerus is known as the ____
trochlea
The frontal plane divides the body into equal front and back halves. T or F
true
the coronoid process of the elbow joint is located on the anterior aspect of the _____
ulna
the medial collateral ligament of the elbow joint is also known as the
ulnar collateral ligament
Movement of the scapula away from the midline of the body is defined as
upward rotation
the lowest part of the trapezius muscle assists with which of the following movements of he shoulder girdle (when performed from the anatomical position)
upward rotation
The waste material produced by the production of energy within muscle tissue is disposed of through the
veins
___ resists molecular rearrangement when a muscle contracts
viscosity
the fluid found in the eye lens and retina is known as the
vitreous humor
which of the following ligamentous structures is not involved with the temporomandibular joint?
zygomaticomandibular ligament