L9-Web-WK2
URI
(Uniform Resource Identifiers)
intraorganization
(i.e., within the organization)
The word GET is .............
..an HTTP method indicating that the client wishes to obtain a resource from the server.
IP standard, Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), has been in use since
84
rolled out blueprints for networking the main computer systems
ARPA
who developed IP
ARPA
ARPA proceeded to implement the ...... which eventually evolved into today's Internet
ARPANET,
• Popular web servers include ............. and ..............
Apache's HTTP Server and Microsoft's Internet Information Services (IIS)
Intraorganization VS interorganization
As the Internet evolved, organizations worldwide were implementing their own networks for both intraorganization and interorganization
......on the Internet's is increasing rapidly as ..... dramatically decline
Bandwidth costs
HOW a problem of making different NWs to communicate was solves
By developing IP Created NW of NWs
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
The hostname www.deitel.com is translated into an ........that uniquely identifies .........•
IP (Internet Protocol) address—a numerical value the server on the Internet
in ......... began to develop a technology for sharing information via hyperlinked text document by ...........
In 1989, Tim Berners‐Lee of CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research) b
DNS
Internet Domain Name System
HTTPS combines HTTP + ... OR
SSL TLS
SSL
Secure Sockets Layer
a global network of computers
The Internet
MImE
The information provided in this header specifies the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) type of the content that the server is transmitting to the browser. mime يسمح بنقل الداتا غير الارقام
Bandwidth
The information‐carrying capacity
TCP abbreviation of
Transmission Control Protocol
TLS
Transport Layer Security
focused on the functional organization of the page and tools (buttons, links, menus...etc)
UI
........handle private information, such as credit card numbers, often begin with ........
URL HTTPS
: http://www.deitel.com/books/downloads.html •
URL example
•Each web page on the Internet is associated with a unique.... START e
URL. •URLs usually begin with http://.
is HTML (HyperText Markup Language) document
WEB PAGE
allows computer users to execute web‐ based applications and to locate and view multimedia‐based documents on almost any subject over the Internet
WWW
WWW (Abbreviation)
World Wide Web
• Server‐side scripting languages have .......range of programmatic capabilities than their client‐side equivalents.
a wider
BROWSER = TOP = Client tier
application's user interface, which gathers input and displays output
JavaScript helps you build........... (i.e., pages that can be modified on ....... in response to events, such as 1- 2- and ...
dynamic web pages "on the fly" such 1- user input, 2- time changes ) and computer applications.
HTTP Headers: The server sends one or more HTTP headers, which provid
e additional information about the data that will be sent
Rather than enabling researchers to share each other's computers, it rapidly became clear that communicating quickly and easily via ..... was the key early benefit of the ......
electronic mail ARPANET
Internet Domain Name System
maintains a 1- database of hostnames* and their corresponding 2- IP addresses and 3- performs the translations automatically
example : www.google.com/search?q=deitel. search is the .... q..... deitel...... ?
search is the name of Google's server‐side form handler • q is the name of a variable in Google's search form • deitel is the search term. • ? separates the query string from the rest of the URL in a request. • If more than one name/value pair is submitted, each pair is separated by an ampersand (&) ..
Scripts are restricted from arbitrarily استبدادي accessing ...........
the local hardware and file system for security reasons.
Web servers make such resources available to ......... . •
web clients
specifies the address (i.e., location) of the web page displayed in the browser window.
•The URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
Responsive Web design:is a strategy for dealing with unknown..........
.screen size.
ARPA
(Advanced Research Projects Agency)
Web 1.0 date focus on ...... called
(the state 1990s and early 2000s) was focused on a relatively small number of companies and advertisers producing content for users to access (some people called it the "brochure web").
Web design can separated into four broad categories:
1 Design 2• Development 3• Content strategy 4• Multimedia
BACK END EXS 1 2 3 4
1 • Forms processing. 2• Database programming. 3• Content management systems. 4• Other server‐side web applications using programming languages
If a hyperlink's URL is in the form mailto:emailAddress
1- , clicking the link loads your default e‐mail program* and 2- opens a message window* 3- addressed* to the specified e‐mail address
3.Multitier Application Architecture
1- BROWSER = TOP = Client tier 2- Web server = logic layer 3- Database:
r • Server side Programming languages used to create web applications as:
1- HP 2- Python 3- Ruby 4- JavaScrip 5- Java 6- ASP.NET *******
• Current and forthcoming W3C Recommendations include the : 1 2 3
1- HyperText Markup Language 5 (HTML5), 2- Cascading Style Sheets 3 (CSS3) and 3- the Extensible Markup Language (XML)
Client‐side scripting does have limitations, such as .............
1- browser dependency: لازم يدعم اللغة 2- لازم ما يستخدم الكلاينت هاردوير عشان السيكيورتي 3- الكلاينت يقدر يششوف المعلومات الحساسة باستخدام الthe browser's source‐viewing
benefeit of devlop IPv6
1- enhanced security and a new addressing scheme 2- hugely expanding the number of IP addresses available so that we will not run out of IP addresses in the forseeable future.
Sensitive information, such as: ....2- .....should not be on ...... •
1- passwords 2- other personally identifiable data, the client.
• If a hyperlink references a file that the browser is incapable of displaying,....
1- the browser prepares to download the file, and 3- generally prompts the user for information about how the file should be stored.
Client‐side scripting with JavaScript can be used to
1- validate* user input 2- interact* with the browser 3- enhance* web pages •4- add client/server communication* between a browser and a web server
Explosive Growth of internet
1-Initially,Internet use was limited to universities and research institutions; then the military began using it intensively. 2-Eventually, the government decided to allow access to the Internet for commercial purposes.
Identify the site's goals, how it will be used, and how visitors move throughout the site These tasks fall under the disciplines of: 1 2 3 4
1-Interaction design (IxD) : used to make the site easy, efficient, and delightful to use. 2-User interface design (UI): focused on the functional organization of the page and tools (buttons, links, menus...etc) 3-User experience design (UX): ensures that the site is favorable.
the current architecture of the Internet
1-The combined set of protocols is now commonly called TCP/IP. 2-Each computer on the Internet has a unique IP address
Packet Switching important element
1-digital data was sent in small bundles called packets 2-The packets contained: 1- address 2- Error‐control 3- Sequencing information 3- The address information allowed packets to be routed to their destinations
Web 1.0 versus Web 2.0
6.Web 2.0: Going Social
When the server is sending an HTML5 text document, one HTTP header is: ......
Content‐type: text/html
.......... is the emerging version of HTML.
HTML5
Tim Berners‐Lee wrote : 1,2,
HTTP WWW W3C?
example : www.google.com/search?q=deitel.
HTTP get request
: GET /books/downloads.html
HTTP request example
......is the standard for transferring encrypted data on the web
HTTPS
used to make the site easy, efficient, and delightful to use.
IXD
when and who developed W3C?
In October 1994, Tim Berners‐Lee founded an organization— the World Widde Web Consortium (W3C)—devoted to developing nonproprietary, interoperable technologies for the World Wide Web.غير مملوكة وقابلة للتشغيل البيني
URIs that start with http:// are called....
URLs
IP (abbreviation)
Internet Protocol
• It enables you to do the client‐side programming of web applications.
JavaScript
HTTP/1.1 404
Not found informs the client that the web server could not locate the requested resource.
allow multiple users to send and receive information simultaneously over the same communications paths was gool of ...
One of the primary goals for ARPANET
Web technologies standardized by the W3C are called ,.....
Recommendations.
Database tier
The bottom tier**= data tier*= information tier) maintains the application's data.
who wrote WWW?
Tim Berners‐Lee
who wrote HTTP ?
Tim Berners‐Leee Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
ensures that the site is favorable.
User experience design (UX):
The header or set of headers is followed by ...........line w indicate ........
a blank line, which indicates to the client browser that the server is finished sending HTTP headers.
e Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
a communications protocol used to send information over the web**
The web server translates the virtual directory into .............which hide
a real location on the server, thus hiding the resource's true location
An HTTP request often posts data to....... ....... that processes the data. • Get requests and post requests can both be used to s...........but each request type sends t.............
a server‐side form handler send data to a web server, he information differently
• The W3C is also ........... •
a standards organization
The location could represent an...... on the ...... system. For security reasons, however, the location is typically....... •
actual directory web server's file a virtual directory
For example, a client might connect to an airline's web server and request a list of flights from Boston to San Francisco between April 19 and May 5. The server queries the database, dynamically generates an .....containing the ........and sends ........... This technology allows clients to obtain the most current flight information from the database by connecting to............
an HTML document flight list the document to the client. an airline's web server.
If more than one name/value pair is submitted, each pair is separated by .............
an ampersand (&)
A name/value pair is passed to the server with the name and the value separated by
an equals sign (=).
interorganization
between organizations
HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is a special type of ...... called a ......to specify the................. (also called ...........) in a portable manner.
computer language a markup language designed content and structure of web pages documents)
The MIME standard specifie............, which programs can use to interpret..........
data formats data correctly.
Front‐end design: any aspect of the design process that appears in or relates.......... EX) 1 2 3 4.
directly to the browser. EX) • Graphic design and image production. • Interface design. • Information design - user's experience on the site. • HTML document and style sheet development. • JavaScript.
The form data still reaches the server and is processed in a similar fashion to a get request, but the user ....
does not see the exact information sent.
(Advanced Research Projects Agency) rolled out blueprints for networking the main computer systems of about a
dozen ARPA‐ funded universities and research institutions
the benefits of SSL & TLS
for 1- securing communications and 2- identification information over the web.
Common uses of post requests are to send ............
form data or documents to a server. •
communications One challenge was to ......
get these different networks to communicate
If a form submits several .......... along with user‐ submitted data, the post method might generate a URL like www.searchengine.com/search. •
hidden input values
Next in the URL is the server's fully qualified........... (for example, www.deitel.com)—the name of the .................
hostname web‐server computer** on which the resource resides
.... OR ... that describes to a web browser the document's content and structure.
html or .htm
•HTML documents normally contain ........ which, when clicked, load...........
hyperlinks, a specified web document
(Uniform Resource Identifiers)
identify resources on the Internet. •
• An HTTP response can indicate the ......... for which the content remains "fresh." •
length of time
web server
middle tier implements 1- business logic, 2- controller logic and 3- presentation logic to control interactions between the application's clients and its data.
mime
multipurpose internet mail extension /تعدد الأغراض لملحقات البريد الالكتروني
Web‐based applications are often........... applications (sometimes Referred to as n..... applications) divide functionality into ......
multitier TIER separate tiers
Web 2.0 embraces an architecture of ........—a design that encourages.......interaction and community contributions
participation user
The remainder of the request provides the .............. (e.g., an HTML5 document) and the ................... • The client's request also contains ..............
path name of the resource protocol's name and version number (HTTP/1.1). some required and optional headers.
. CSS was designed to style ,,,,,,,,independently of their content and structure
portable web pages content and structure
A URL contains information that directs a browser to the ...
resource that the user wishes to access.
For example, the MIME type text/plain indicates that the ...........
sent information is text that can be displayed directly.
Programmers have more flexibility with........‐side scripts, which often generate ..........responses for clients.
server custom
A get request typically gets (or retrieves) information from a .......such as ...or...or.......based on user submitted .........term
server, such as an HTML document, an image or search results based on a user‐submitted search term
protocol TCP
set of rules for communicating over the ARPANET became known as TCP—the Transmission Control Protocol
Notes! •Most browsers on small devices, such as smartphones and tablets, ........... to fit a screen and provide mechanisms for ,........... This can create the following issues: • Text is too ...........
shrink a web page down for zooming and moving around the page ISSUES small to read • Links are too small to select • Zooming and panning around is distracting
If there are no changes between the version stored in the cache and the current version on the web, this...............
speeds up your browsing experience
For example, • HTTP/1.1 200 OK indicates ........
success,
The way we find the information on search engines and social media is also changing—people are ...........) web content by ........... in a way that helps anyone locate information more effectively. • In the future, computers will learn to understand the ............on the web—the beginnings of the .......Web are already appearing.
tagging (i.e., labeling subject or keyword meaning of the data Semantic
HTML descrip ....
that describes to a web browser the document's content and structure.
The text http:// indicates ...
that the HyperText Transfer Protocol should be used to obtain the resource**
the MIME type image/jpeg indicates
that the content is a JPEG image. When the browser receives this MIME type, it attempts to display the image.
A post request sends form data as part of ........... not as part of the,,,,,, •
the HTTP message, URL.
responding to a request: The server first sends a line of text that indicates followed by......&..........
the HTTP version, a numeric code and a phrase describing the status of the transaction.
If this amount of time has not been reached, .......... If not, the browser loads .............Browsers typically do not cache the server's response to a post request, because the next post might not return the same result
the browser can avoid another request to the server. the document from the cache. •
the user can type the address of a web page into ......field and press Enter to view the specified page •Hyperlinks can reference other .....
the browser's address web pages, e‐mail addresses, files and more
Another issue is that client‐side scripts can be viewed by the client by using ...... capability. •
the browser's source‐viewing
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) are used to specify ............... on a web page (e.g., ..........) .
the presentation, or styling, of elements ex) fonts, spacing, sizes, colors, positioning
The remainder of the URL (/books/downloads.html) specifies.............
the resource's location (/books) and name (downloads.html) on the web server
A get request typically limits the query string (i.e., everything to ............
the right of the ?) to a specific number of characters, so it's often necessary to send large amounts of information using the post method. •
; the browser or scripting host must support ...........
the scripting language and capabilities •
Back‐end design: programs and scripts that work on...........the scenes to make web pages ...........
the server behind dynamic and interactive.
All client‐side data validation should be mirrored on ......... Also, placing certain operations in JavaScript on the client can open web applications to ...........
the server. security issues
Packet Switching
the transmission technology that divides blocks of text into packets مو من المنهج
One of the W3C's primary goals is to make ..........—regardless of disability, language or culture.
the web universally accessible
• Web 2.0 involves the users—not only do they often create content, but 1,2,3, it,
they help organize it, share it, remix it, critique it, update
A post request ............
typically posts (or sends) data to a server. •
The post method is also sometimes preferred because it hides the submitted data from the ,,,,,,,,by .............
user embedding it in an HTTP message.
Browsers often cache (save on disk) recently ............ for quick ..........•
viewed web pages reloading
When the user clicks a hyperlink, a.....locates the .... and send ...
web server requested web page and sends it to the user's web browser.
IS THE # OF IPv4 enough ?
will soon run out of possible addresses.