LA STUDY GUIDE

This novel centers on a World War Two American major who wins the affection of Sicilian locals. When the Fascists melt a 700-year-old bell to make bullets, Major Joppolo searches for a replacement. Name this John Hersey novel.

(A) BELL FOR ADANO

This novel's protagonist, Major Victor Joppolo, restores a small Sicilian town to order at the end of World War Two. Before being transferred, he helps the title town replace the title object, which the Fascists melted down to make bullets. Give the name of this Pulitzer winner by John Hersey.

(A) BELL FOR ADANO

This story ends with the narrator expecting to see -- quote -- a lost pair of kites hurrying towards heaven. Buddy and his best friend, an elderly cousin named Sook, buy whiskey from Haha Jones to make fruitcakes that they send to relatives and strangers. What is this semi- autobiographical holiday story by Truman Capote?

(A) CHRISTMAS MEMORY

This story features a nameless, deaf old man who had attempted suicide. He sits in a café, repeatedly ordering brandy, while an older waiter serves him and a younger waiter wants to hurry home to his wife. Give the title of this Ernest Hemingway story.

(A) CLEAN, WELL-LIGHTED PLACE

This novel takes its title from the character F. Alexander's magnum opus. Alex communicates with his fellow teenage gang members in Nadsat, a mixture of British, American, and Russian slang. What is this dystopian [dis-TOE-pee-un] novel by Anthony Burgess?

(A) CLOCKWORK ORANGE

This novel's numerous characters include Officer Mancuso, Myrna Minkoff, Burma Jones, and Lana Lee. Medievalist Ignatius J. Reilly wanders the New Orleans streets, selling hot dogs after being fired from his job at Levy Pants. Give the title of this novel, which earned a posthumous Pulitzer for John Kennedy Toole.

(A) CONFEDERACY OF DUNCES

This story profiles Vera and her unnamed ex-lover as they reminisce in a café. The man recalls his trip to Russia, which is so class-free that a coachman offers the title food to his passengers. Identify this work by Katherine Mansfield.

(A) DILL PICKLE

This 1879 drama examined the patriarchal structure and narrow social expectations placed upon women in late 19th-century Europe. Rather than remaining in service to her children and husband Torvald, Nora Helmer takes control of her life by leaving to find herself. Name this realistic drama by Henrik Ibsen.

(A) DOLL'S HOUSE

This novel's characters include Miss Van Campen, the superintendent of nurses; Helen Ferguson, a nurse's aide; and Rinaldi, an army surgeon. American Lieutenant Frederic Henry falls in love with English nurse Catherine Barkley, who dies in childbirth. Identify this 1929 Ernest Hemingway novel.

(A) FAREWELL TO ARMS

This story's title character makes his living by fasting for forty days at a time. He hires himself to a circus, dies in his cage, and is replaced by a panther. Name this Franz Kafka short story.

(A) HUNGER ARTIST

This essay's avowed aim is "Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burthen to Their Parents, or the Country" and "Making Them Beneficial to the Publick." It satirizes England's economic exploitation of Ireland by suggesting that Irish children be slaughtered to feed rich Englishmen. Name this Jonathan Swift essay.

(A) MODEST PROPOSAL

This novel's protagonist spends a summer at Blackrock, catches a fever while attending Clongowes [KLAHN-goze] Wood College, and devotes himself to asceticism while at university. Stephen Dedalus rejects his mother's Catholicism and his father's fierce Irish patriotism, instead choosing art and beauty. Give the title of this semi-autobiographical novel by James Joyce.

(A) PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN

This play's characters live in Red Hook, a community near the Brooklyn Bridge that helps shelter illegal immigrants. Longshoreman Eddie Carbone becomes so obsessed with his niece, Catherine, that he has Catherine's fiancé, Rodolpho, deported. Name this tragedy by Arthur Miller.

(A) VIEW FROM THE BRIDGE

This author's plays include Fiddler's Three, And Then There Were None, and Murder on the Nile. Her masterpiece, which features Detective Sergeant Trotter and a twist ending, is the longest- running play in history at over 25,000 performances. Which mystery novelist, the creator of Miss Marple, wrote The Mousetrap?

(AGATHA) CHRISTIE (MALLOWAN)

This author branched into drama with The Just Assassins and Caligula, and published book-length essays entitled The Rebel and The Myth of Sisyphus. The Fall and The Plague are less famous than his story of Meursault, who kills an Arab man after his own mother's funeral. Name the Nobel Prize-winning philosopher and author of The Stranger.

(ALBERT) CAMUS

This English writer experimented with LSD in the 1950s, resulting in an essay collection that served as inspiration for Jim Morrison. His most famous work, a novel completed in 1932, is set in year 632 After Ford in the "World State" run by Controller Mustapha Mond. What visionary author wrote Chrome Yellow and Brave New World?

(ALDOUS) HUXLEY

This author's novels include The Temple of My Familiar, Meridian, and The Third Life of Grange Copeland. Shug Avery, Nettie, and Albert appear in her Pulitzer-winning novel, in which Celie writes letters to God. Name the author of The Color Purple.

(ALICE) WALKER

This author's recent novels include The Valley of Amazement and Saving Fish From Drowning, about a tour group in Asia. A woman cares for her Alzheimer's-afflicted mother in The Bonesetter's Daughter, and an immigrant tries to adopt American ways in The Kitchen God's Wife. Name this author, who also explores the relationships between Chinese mothers and their American daughters in The Joy Luck Club.

(AMY) TAN

To research this novel, the author traveled to Sing Sing Penitentiary and Big Moose Lake. Based on Chester Gillette's murder of Grace Brown, it follows Clyde Griffiths, whose pursuit of wealthy Sondra Finchley causes the death of his pregnant girlfriend, Roberta Alden. Identify this Theodore Dreiser novel.

(AN) AMERICAN TRAGEDY

This writer ventured into playwriting with The Man Who Married a Dumb Wife and poetry with The Bride of Corinth. His best-known novels include The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard [bohn-AR], about a man who loves books, and Penguin Island, a satirical history of an island inhabited by auks. Who was this Nobel laureate, whose assumed last name referenced his native country?

(ANATOLE) FRANCE

This man earned praise for his poetry volumes Over the Barriers and My Sister Life, but made his living by translating Shakespeare, Goethe [GER-tuh], and other writers. His masterpiece, set during the Russian Revolution, forced his expulsion from his country's writers' union. Which author declined the Nobel Prize he won primarily for writing Doctor Zhivago [zhih-VAH-go]?

(BORIS) PASTERNAK

This man persuaded Mark Twain to write articles for the Californian before he left to edit the Overland Monthly. He tells of two men, Bill Nye and Ah Sin, who attempt to cheat each other at cards in the poem "Plain Language From Truthful James." Name the local color writer most famous for "The Outcasts of Poker Flat" and "The Luck of Roaring Camp."

(BRET) HARTE

This author published several apologetics, including The Problem of Pain. A member of Oxford's literary group, the Inklings, he tried science fiction with his Space Trilogy, but is best known for his seven-volume series of fantasy novels. Who wrote Mere Christianity and created the White Witch and Aslan in The Chronicles of Narnia?

(C.S.) LEWIS

This author was among the first sub-Saharan African writers to achieve international acclaim. His early years in Guinea inspired his first novel, The African Child, which he followed with the less nostalgic A Dream of Africa. Name this author of the allegorical novel The Radiance of the King.

(CAMARA) LAYE

This character shows rare glimpses of humanity when he cares for the insane cabin boy Pip and remembers his wife and children in Nantucket. He believes he is above the forces of nature, and leads his ship on a maniacal quest to kill the large mammal who took his leg years earlier. Name the captain of the Pequod in Herman Melville's Moby Dick.

(CAPTAIN) AHAB

This writer reinterpreted his country's myths in A Change of Skin, and its cultural heritage in Terra Nostra. His two most notable works recount a Mexican Revolution survivor's last hours, and fictionalize American writer Ambrose Bierce's final days. Identify the author of The Old Gringo and The Death of Artemio Cruz [ar-TAY-mee-oh KROOZ].

(CARLOS) FUENTES

This author created Amelia Evans, a woman who falls in love with her dwarf cousin, Lymon, in The Ballad of the Sad Café. Tomboy Frankie Addams dreams of joining her sister and brother-in-law on their Alaskan honeymoon in The Member of the Wedding. Name this writer, who created deaf John Singer and his mute companion in The Heart is a Lonely Hunter.

(CARSON) MCCULLERS

This medieval author wrote a biography of King Charles the Fifth, and a French-language work based on Joan of Arc's life. The Book of Three Virtues advises medieval women of various social circles, but her best-known work profiles historical heroines. Name the author of The Book of the City of Ladies.

(CHRISTINE DE) PIZAN

This author was arrested for atheism shortly before dying in a tavern brawl with Ingram Frizer [FRY-zur]. He popularized blank verse drama with the publication of Dido [DEE-doh], Queen of Carthage, Edward the 2nd, and Tamburlaine the Great. Name the creator of "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love," The Jew of Malta, and The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.

(CHRISTOPHER) MARLOWE

This author of The Prussian Officer and Other Stories titled two of his travel narratives Sea and Sardinia and Mornings in Mexico. He faced obscenity trials and book bannings after writing The Rainbow and its sequel, Women in Love. Name this writer of the boundary-pushing Sons and Lovers and Lady Chatterley's Lover.

(D(AVID) H(ERBERT) LAWRENCE

This writer chronicles the Brangwen family's story in The Rainbow and Women in Love. In other novels, Paul Morel's love for his mother Gertrude impedes his love for other women, and Lady Constance is smitten with the gamekeeper, Oliver Mellors. Who wrote Sons and Lovers and Lady Chatterley's Lover?

(D(AVID) H(ERBERT)) LAWRENCE

This author was arrested for seditious libel after he published the political pamphlet The Shortest Way with the Dissenters. His last novel was Roxana, but more famous works fictionalize a man's experiences in plague-ravaged London, and a criminal's redemption. Who wrote A Journal of the Plague Year and Moll Flanders?

(DANIEL) DEFOE

This writer collected his essays in A Supposedly Fun Thing I'll Never Do Again and Consider the Lobster. He set his masterpiece in a time when companies name calendar years to advertise their products, and was nominated for a Pulitzer for his unfinished final novel. Who wrote Infinite Jest and The Pale King?

(DAVID FOSTER) WALLACE

This man, a friend of Dr. Lanyon and the lawyer Mr. Utterson, employs a trustworthy butler, Mr. Poole. He conducts experiments that separate the good and evil aspects of his personality, with deadly consequences. Name this Robert Louis Stevenson creation, the counterpart of Mr. Hyde.

(DOCTOR HENRY) JEKYLL

This writer parodied a James Joyce title with his autobiographical short story collection, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Dog. He titled his "play for voices" Under Milk Wood, and responded to the book of Romans with the poem "And Death Shall Have No Dominion." Name the poet who wrote A Child's Christmas in Wales and "Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night."

(DYLAN) THOMAS

This writer's "The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall" inspired Jules Verne's "From the Earth to the Moon." In his only full-length novel, Arthur Gordon Pym stows away aboard a whaling ship headed for the South Pole. "Ligeia [lye-JEE-uh]" and "Manuscript Found in a Bottle" made up whose Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque?

(EDGAR ALLAN) POE

This man's masterpiece is a series of poems that were first staged as monologues on Broadway in 1963. It profiles citizens of a fictional town--a combination of Petersburg and Lewistown, Illinois--who largely express regret and bitterness from the grave. Who wrote Spoon River Anthology?

(EDGAR LEE) MASTERS

This poet declares, "My candle burns at both ends" in "First Fig," part of A Few Figs from Thistles. "All I could see from where I stood / Was three long mountains and a wood" begins her much-anthologized poem "Renascence" [rih-NA-sense]. Who earned a Pulitzer Prize for the poetry collection that included The Ballad of the Harp-Weaver?

(EDNA) ST. VINCENT MILLAY

This poet wrote of a man who "coughed, and called it fate, / And kept on drinking," and another wealthy gentleman who "went home and put a bullet through his head." He earned three Poetry Pulitzers: for Collected Poems, The Man Who Died Twice and Tristram. Name the poet of "Richard Cory" and "Miniver Cheevy."

(EDWARD ARLINGTON) ROBINSON

This playwright profiled Mommy, Daddy, Grandma, The Young Man, and The Musician in The American Dream and The Sandbox. He didn't win a Pulitzer for The Goat or Who Is Sylvia?, but earned three for Seascape, A Delicate Balance, and Three Tall Women. Identify the playwright best remembered for Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?

(EDWARD) ALBEE

This writer compares Satan to a devious insect in his poem "Upon a Spider Catching a Fly." God's Determinations Touching His Elect highlights the Deity's grace and redemption, while "Sacramental Meditations" preceded the Lord's Supper. Identify this Congregational minister, who also wrote the poem "Huswifery."

(EDWARD) TAYLOR

This historical figure is the subject of a Pierre Corneille [kawr-NEY] tragedy, as well as a medieval epic poem. Born Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar [rod-REE-go DEE-ahz day vee-VAR], he ruled Valencia during the struggle between Moors and Christians. Who was this Castilian leader, the hero of Spain's oldest epic poem?

(EL) (THE) CID

This poet describes tasting "a liquor never brewed," and feeling "a funeral in my brain." She advises the reader to "tell all the truth but tell it slant," and insists, "Success is counted sweetest / By those who ne'er succeed." Name the nineteenth-century poet of "Hope is the thing with feathers."

(EMILY) DICKINSON

This French writer created an everyman character who appeared in his dramas The Killer, Exit the King, and A Stroll in the Air. He wrote his first play, The Bald Soprano, at age 40. Name this absurdist dramatist of The Lesson, The Chairs, and The Rhinoceros.

(EUGENE) IONESCO

This man published his first book of poems, A Lume [loo-MAY] Spento, at his own expense while living abroad in Venice. He drew on his classical education for "Homage to Sextus Propertius" [pro-PER-shee-us], and fictionalized his poetic life in Hugh Selwyn Mauberley. Identify the Imagist poet most famous for his series of Cantos.

(EZRA) POUND

This author wrote of college graduate Julian's clash with his racist mother in "Everything That Rises Must Converge." A phony Bible salesman and one-legged woman populate "Good Country People," while Tom Shiftlet abandons his deaf wife in "The Life You Save May Be Your Own." Name this creator of The Misfit in "A Good Man Is Hard to Find."

(FLANNERY) O'CONNOR

This poet wrote of the Second Punic War in Africa, and created imaginary dialogues between St. Augustine and himself in My Secret Book. Two octaves and a sestet compose his namesake sonnet form. Identify this "father of humanism," who addressed many of his works to the beloved Laura.

(FRANCESCO) PETRARCH

This author satirized Benedictine monks, although he himself was a Franciscan priest. His series of humorous novels follows Brother Jean, Panurge, and father-and-son giants who search for the oracle known as the Divine Bottle. Identify the author of Gargantua and Pantagruel.

(FRANCOIS) RABELAIS

This author's time among the Benedictine monks inspired the character of Frère Jean [FRAIR ZHAHN]. He sends Panurge [puh-NURJ] and the title characters in a search for the Divine Bottle, an oracle that urges them to drink. Name this physician and author, who created father and son giants in his series Gargantua and Pantagruel.

(FRANÇOIS) RABELAIS

This author explored the Yepanchin family's response to naïve Prince Myshkin in The Idiot. Ivan, Dmitri, Alyosha, and Smerdyakov endure life under a domineering father in The Brothers Karamazov. Who also created a murdered pawnbroker and conflicted student Raskolnikov in Crime and Punishment?

(FYODOR) DOSTOEVSKY

This man used both his epilepsy and devotion to New Testament Christianity to "portray all the depths of the human soul." A reclusive former civil servant is the narrator of Notes from the Underground, while eccentric Prince Myshkin is the title character of The Idiot. Identify this creator of Raskolnikov [rah-SKOHL-nee-kawf], as well as Dmitri, Ivan, and Alyosha Karamazov [kar-ah- MAH-zahf].

(FYODOR) DOSTOEVSKY

This writer turned to non-fiction with News of a Kidnapping and The Story of a Shipwrecked Sailor. His novellas include Chronicle of a Death Foretold, No One Writes to the Colonel, and Leaf Storm. Give the author of The Autumn of the Patriarch and The General in His Labyrinth, as well as Love in the Time of Cholera.

(GABRIEL) GARCIA MARQUEZ

This poet embarked on a disastrous affair with Clodia, who was probably a patrician married to Metellus. After passing his brother's grave, he composed the poem that ends, "Brother, hail and farewell." Identify the Roman poet best known for his "Lesbia" poems.

(GAIUS VALERIUS) CATULLUS

This author was justice of the peace and a member of Parliament from Kent before serving as Clerk of the King's Works for Richard II. Besides translating The Consolation of Philosophy and Romance of the Rose, he wrote The Book of the Duchess and Parliament of Birds. Who secured his fame with the publication of The Canterbury Tales?

(GEOFFREY) CHAUCER

This man, the first person to be buried in Westminster Abbey's Poet's Corner, found early fame with The Book of the Duchess. He titled two of his dream-vision poems The Legend of Good Women and The Parliament of Fowls. Give the name of this author, who inspired Shakespeare with his Troilus and Criseyde [krih-SAY-duh].

(GEOFFREY) CHAUCER

This author of Daniel Deronda and Adam Bede created siblings Maggie and Tom Tulliver in The Mill on the Floss. This author's Study of Provincial Life sees Dorothea Brooke marry Edward Casaubon, while The Weaver of Raveloe adopts foundling child Eppie. Who is this author of Middlemarch and Silas Marner?

(GEORGE) ELIOT, (MARY ANN) EVANS

This poet wrote the lines, "Glory be to God for dappled things -- For skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow ..." He played with accents and meters, ultimately deeming his creation "sprung rhythm." Name this Jesuit priest and poet of "The Wreck of the Deutschland" [DOYCH-land] and "Pied Beauty."

(GERARD MANLEY) HOPKINS

This poet's first work was "Diana's Hunt," but critics favored Il Filocolo [ill FEE-loh-KOH-loh] and Il Filostrato [ill FEE-loh-STRAH-toh] more. His masterpiece profiles ten young people who escape to the countryside to avoid the plague. Who wrote one hundred stories to complete his Decameron?

(GIOVANNI) BOCCACCIO

This colonial consul recounted his journeys in Travels in Upper Pennsylvania and New York and Sketches of Eighteenth Century America. His best-known work asks, "What is an American?," and sets forth his often-quoted "melting pot" theory. Identify the French-American author of Letters from an American Farmer.

(HECTOR ST. JOHN DE) CREVECOEUR

This author criticized New England's reforming spirit in The Bostonians, and described a provincial New York City in Washington Square. American and European cultures clash in The Ambassadors, as well as in his tale of Isabel Archer's fall from social grace. Who wrote Daisy Miller and The Portrait of a Lady?

(HENRY) JAMES

This author collected his short stories in The Plattner Story, The Stolen Bacillus, and Tales of Time and Space. He created a doctor who makes humanoid hybrids in The Island of Doctor Moreau, and the mad scientist Griffin in The Invisible Man. Who popularized time travel in The Time Machine and Martians in The War of the Worlds?

(HERBERT GEORGE or H.G.) WELLS

This author's less famous novels include Redburn, White Jacket, and Benito Cereno. "Bartleby the Scrivener" made popular the saying, "I would prefer not to", and Billy Budd was unfinished at his death. Identify this creator of Typee, Omoo, and a white whale.

(HERMAN) MELVILLE

This man categorized his novels into "Analytic Studies," "Philosophical Studies," and "Studies of Manners" that summarized contemporary society. Of these ninety volumes, the best known are Eugénie Grandet [oo-zhen-EE GRAHN-day] and Le Père Goriot [luh PAIR GOOR-ee-oh]. Who helped standardize the novel with these works, which he collectively titled The Human Comedy?

(HONORÉ DE) BALZAC

This philosopher coined the term "categorical imperative" to describe the single highest moral obligation. The Metaphysics of Morals deals with ethics, while Critique of Judgment focuses on aesthetics. Which German philosopher wrote Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason?

(IMMANUEL) KANT

This author earned a National Book Award for A Crown of Feathers, but gained fame for earlier story collections The Spinoza of Market Street and Gimpel the Fool. Even earlier, this author wrote novels like The Magician of Lublin, The Family Moskat, and Satan in Goray. Identify this Nobel laureate, who led the Yiddish literary movement.

(ISAAC BASHEVIS) SINGER

This author fictionalized the founding of Santiago in Inés of My Soul, and tried her hand at a North American setting in The Infinite Plan. Eva Luna and Of Love and Shadows feature her characteristic magic realism, while Paula tells of her daughter's struggle with a hereditary blood disease. Which author rose to international stardom with The House of the Spirits?

(ISABEL) ALLENDE

This writer fictionalizes the construction of Santiago in Ines of My Soul, and profiles a servant girl-turned-storyteller in Eva Luna. She began her first novel as a letter to her grandfather, and details her daughter's death from a blood disease in a touching memoir. Name the Latin American author of The House of the Spirits and Paula.

(ISABEL) ALLENDE

This author gained fame in her native country with the works Seven Gothic Tales and The Angelic Avengers. Her masterpiece, sometimes published with Shadows in the Grass, mentions her friends Farah and Berkeley, as well as her lover, Denys Finch Hatton. Identify this woman, who wrote of her years running a Kenyan coffee plantation in Out of Africa.

(ISAK) DINESEN, (KAREN) BLIXEN

This character laments, "I grow old ... I grow old... / I shall wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled." He further explains, "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons," and asks, "Shall I part my hair behind? Do I dare to eat a peach?" Who is this subject of a T.S. Eliot "Love Song"?

(J. ALFRED) PRUFROCK

This author rose to prominence with Dusklands, before creating a Boer madwoman's stream-of- consciousness narrative, In the Heart of the Country. He became the first author to win the Booker Prize twice, for Disgraced and Life and Times of Michael K. Who created the Magistrate, a loyal servant of an uncolonized borderland, in Waiting for the Barbarians?

(J. M.) COETZEE

This man tackled English society life in his failed first novel, Precaution, but set The Spy during the American Revolution. The Red Rover and The Pilot were based on his time at sea, but his best- known works are a pentalogy [pen-TAL-uh-jee] depicting the American wilderness. Who wrote The Leatherstocking Tales?

(JAMES FENIMORE) COOPER

This writer modeled his early novel, Precaution, on Jane Austen's work, and another, The Spy, on Sir Walter Scott's. He is better remembered for a series of novels that, while not published chronologically, examine early American frontier life. Name the creator of Natty Bumppo in The Leatherstocking Tales.

(JAMES FENIMORE) COOPER

This one-time editor of the Atlantic Monthly succeeded Longfellow as Harvard's professor of modern languages in 1855. He used the Biglow Papers to criticize the Mexican War as an extension of slavery, and satirized fellow poets in A Fable for Critics. Identify this poet, who deems charity the real meaning of the Holy Grail in The Vision of Sir Launfal.

(JAMES RUSSELL) LOWELL

This man responded to Richard Wright's masterpiece with a series of essays on race and class distinctions, Notes of a Native Son. Giovanni's Room deals with a gay American expatriate's life in Paris, while his most famous non-fiction work consists of two essays: "My Dungeon Shook" and "Down at the Cross." Who wrote The Fire Next Time and the semi-autobiographical novel Go Tell It on the Mountain?

(JAMES) BALDWIN

This author borrowed the historical romance of Heloise and Abelard for his novel Julie, or the New Heloise. He inspired a new educational system with Emile, and covered his first 53 years of his life in Confessions. Identify this man, who helped inspire the French Revolution with The Social Contract.

(JEAN-JACQUES) ROUSSEAU

This author's unrequited love for a woman, as well as an acquaintance's suicide, inspired his masterpiece, written in two months in 1774. The title character tries to escape his businessman's life in Wilhelm Meister's [VIL-helm MY-sturz] Apprenticeship, while Faust is his two-part take on that tragic legend. Identify the sturm und drang [shtoorm oont DRAHNG] author of The Sorrows of Young Werther [VAIR-tuhr].

(JOHANN WOLFGANG VON) GOETHE

This poet wrote, "Of all sad words of tongue or pen, the saddest are these, 'It might have been,'" in Maud Muller. "The sun that brief December day / Rose cheerless over hills of gray" begins his poem "Snow-Bound." Which Quaker abolitionist poet penned "Barefoot Boy" and "Barbara Frietchie"?

(JOHN GREENLEAF) WHITTIER

This Protestant theologian enacted his Ecclesiastical Ordinances to help Genevans receive a religious education. The Reformed movement took as its statement of faith his Institutes of the Christian Religion. Name this French-born religious leader frequently associated with predestination.

(JOHN) CALVIN

This author's World War One military service inspired his novel Three Soldiers, but Manhattan Transfer was the first book to earn him commercial success. He used autobiography, fictional realism, and even newspaper clippings in his three-novel portrait of early 20th-century America. Name the author of The Big Money, 1919, and The 42nd Parallel, the works in his U.S.A. trilogy.

(JOHN) DOS PASSOS

This author wrote the ode Alexander's Feast to celebrate St. Cecilia's Day, and entitled an allegory The Hind and the Panther. He penned the popular plays All for Love and The Conquest of Granada, and defended theater in his Essay of Dramatic Poetry. Who commemorated London's "year of miracles" with the poem Annus Mirabilis [AH-nuhs muh-RAH-buh-lus]?

(JOHN) DRYDEN

This author's recent publications include A Delicate Truth, Our Kind of Traitor, and A Most Wanted Man. His time in the British foreign service inspired the character of George Smiley, who appears in Call for the Dead and The Honourable Schoolboy. Who wrote The Spy Who Came In from the Cold and Tinker, Tailor, Soldier, Spy?

(JOHN) LE CARRE, (DAVID JOHN MOORE) CORNWELL

When he gained control of the first Blackfriars Theatre, the Children of Paul's performed his plays Midas and Love's Metamorphosis. His other prose comedies include The Woman in the Moon, Mother Bombie, and Endimion [in-DIM-ee-uhn]. Who was best known for the romances Euphues [YOO-fyoo-eez] and His England and Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit?

(JOHN) LYLY

While studying at Yale, this man contributed essay series "The Meddler" and "The Correspondent" to local newspapers. He criticized colonial educational methods in The Progress of Dulness. Identify the author of the comic epic M'Fingal, and leader of the Hartford Wits.

(JOHN) TRUMBULL

This sixteenth-century playwright co-wrote Northward Ho and Westward Ho with Thomas Dekker. He collaborated with Thomas Middleton on Anything for a Quiet Life, but wrote The Devil's Law-Case alone. Which Jacobean [jack-uh-BEE-un] dramatist wrote The White Devil and The Duchess of Malfi?

(JOHN) WEBSTER

This man, Aaron Burr's grandfather, died from smallpox shortly after assuming the presidency of Princeton University. His theological writings include The Nature of True Virtue, Original Sin, and Concerning the End for Which God Created the World. Identify this Puritan minister best remembered for his sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God."

(JONATHAN) EDWARDS

This author, who occasionally wrote under the name Isaac Bickerstaff, first gained recognition for Argument Against Abolishing Christianity and Journal to Stella. A member of the Scriblerus Club, he moved to Ireland in 1714, where he published his satire subtitled Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World. Name the creator of the Houyhnhnms [WIN-umz], Yahoos, and Lilliputians [lil-ih-PYOO-shunz].

(JONATHAN) SWIFT

This member of the Scriblerus Club wrote 65 letters to his friend Esther Johnson, which he published as A Journal to Stella. He satirizes the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns in "The Battle of the Books," in which books from the King's Library argue for supremacy. Name this author, who allegorized three branches of Western Christianity as three brothers in The Battle of the Books.

(JONATHAN) SWIFT

This man wrote the essays "Bolivar" [baw-LEE-vahr], "Whitman," and "Emerson" after founding the newspaper The Free Fatherland at age fifteen. He also wrote the essay "Our America," as well as a volume of poetry titled Free Verses. Identify this poet who died at the Battle of Dos Rios in 1895, fighting for independence for Cuba.

(JOSE JULIAN) MARTI

This man, once U.S. Poet Laureate, collected his early verse in Person, Place, and Thing. He describes a "quick soft silver bell beating" and "one ruby flare / Pulsing out red light like an artery" in "Auto Wreck." Who earned a Pulitzer Prize for V-Letter and Other Poems?

(KARL) SHAPIRO

This author collected stories such as "Madame Celestin's Divorce" and "Desirée's Baby" in A Night in Acadie and Bayou Folk. She secured a place in feminist literature with her story of Edna Pontellier's affair and suicide. Name this local color author of The Awakening.

(KATE) CHOPIN

This author writes of Charles Upton's art studies in Berlin in "The Leaning Tower," and Miranda and Maria's attempts to escape Aunt Amy's shadow in "Old Mortality." Mexico is the setting for both "Hacienda" and "Flowering Judas." Name this prolific short story writer, perhaps best known for "Noon Wine" and "Pale Horse, Pale Rider."

(KATHERINE ANNE) PORTER

This author profiles the relationship of two men who lost their sons in World War One in the short story "The Fly." The Sheridans interact with their lower-class neighbors in "The Garden Party," while Bertha and Harry Young host a dinner party in "Bliss." Who wrote "The Doll's House," "A Dill Pickle," and "Miss Brill"?

(KATHERINE) MANSFIELD

This author wrote Hiroshima Notes after observing survivors of the city's atomic bombing. He collected short stories in Teach Us to Outgrow Our Madness, and wrote of a mentally challenged boy's growing up in Rise Up O Young Men of the New Age! Who earned a Nobel Prize in part for novels like The Catch, The Silent Cry, and A Personal Matter?

(KENZABURŌ) OE

This poet's best-known work is a continuation of the Matteo Boiardo [mah-TEY-oh boy-AHR- doh] romance Orlando innamorato [ih-NAH-moh-RAH-toh]. That poem follows the Christian knight Roland, who temporarily forgets his duty to Charlemagne because of his love for Anjelica. Identify the poet of Orlando Furioso [foo-ree-OH-so].

(LUDOVICO) ARIOSTO

This Roman statesman wrote orations like On the Nature of the Gods, On the Laws, and On the Ends of Good and Bad Things. He modeled his Philippics, a series of fourteen speeches attacking Mark Antony, on speeches delivered by the Greek orator Demosthenes [dih-MOS- thuh-neez]. Name this author of De Oratore [day or-uh-TOR-ay] and De Republica [day ray- POOB-lik-uh].

(MARCUS TULLIUS) CICERO

This statesman wrote a 12-volume work for his own guidance and self-improvement. It includes the advice, "Everything we hear is an opinion, not a fact," and, "Waste no more time arguing about what a good man should be. Be one." Identify the Roman emperor who set forth his stoic philosophy in Meditations.

(MARCUS) AURELIUS

This influential South American author was an unsuccessful candidate for his country's presidency in 1990, and famously feuded with colleague Gabriel Garcia Marquez. His novel Conversation in the Cathedral examines corruption in Peruvian politics under the dictatorship of Manuel Odria in the 1950s. What Peruvian won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Literature and wrote Aunt Julia and the Scriptwriter?

(MARIO VARGAS) LLOSA

This man's lesser-known literary works include Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc and The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today. He contrasts the waking and dream selves in his final novel, The Mysterious Stranger, and explores a town's hypocrisy in "The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg." Who wrote A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court and The Prince and the Pauper?

(MARK) TWAIN

This writer adapted The Secret Garden, The Color Purple, and The Bridges of Madison County into stage musicals. Her work with disturbed adolescents at Louisville's Central State Hospital inspired her drama Getting Out. Identify this dramatist, who earned a Pulitzer for her tale of Jessie and Thelma Cates, 'night, Mother.

(MARSHA) NORMAN

This author condemned Manuel Cabrera's dictatorship in The President, and profiled Indian peasants in Men of Maize. His novels The Cyclone, The Green Pope, and The Eyes of the Interred form a trilogy. What Nobel laureate explored Mayan culture in Legends of Guatemala?

(MIGUEL ÁNGEL) ASTURIAS

This literary character was a historical figure who advised Plymouth Colony on military matters. In a 19th century poem, he begs John Alden to woo Priscilla Mullins in his name. Identify this man, whose "courtship" Henry Wadsworth Longfellow chronicled.

(MILES) STANDISH

This collaborator with Ira Gershwin and Kurt Weill [VILE] on Lady in the Dark completed the screenplay for the 1954 adaptation of A Star is Born. Most of his best-known plays, including George Washington Slept Here, Merrily We Roll Along, and The Man Who Came to Dinner, were co-written by George S. Kaufman. Identify this playwright, who shared a Pulitzer Prize for the comedy You Can't Take It With You.

(MOSS) HART

This man directed and wrote the book for the musical Lady in the Dark, with music by Kurt Weill [VILE] and lyrics by Ira Gershwin. He co-wrote George Washington Slept Here, The Man Who Came to Dinner, and Merrily We Roll Along with his frequent collaborator, George S. Kaufman. Who earned a Drama Pulitzer for his zany comedy You Can't Take It with You?

(MOSS) HART

This author, who entitled her first book The Soft Voice of the Serpent, saw three of her works banned in her native country. She predicted apartheid's end in July's People, and profiled white anti-apartheid activists who hoped to overthrow their government in Burger's Daughter. Name this author, her country's first Nobel laureate, who earned a Booker Prize for The Conservationist.

(NADINE) GORDIMER

This author's experiences on an Italian tour inspired his novel in which three art students become involved in a man's murder--The Marble Faun. Mosses from an Old Manse, Tanglewood Tales, and Twice-Told Tales are three collections that include stories like "The Minister's Black Veil" and "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment." Name the creator of Matthew Maule and Hepzibah Pyncheon in The House of the Seven Gables.

(NATHANIEL) HAWTHORNE

This man's numerous short stories include "The Minister's Black Veil," "The Birth-Mark," and "Rappaccini's Daughter." He published his first novel, Fanshawe, anonymously, but took public credit for Twice-Told Tales and Mosses from an Old Manse. Who wrote The Marble Faun and The Blithedale Romance?

(NATHANIEL) HAWTHORNE

This fictional hero was educated by Moravian Christians, but spent most of his adolescence among the Delaware Indians. He defends his foster brother, Chingachgook [CHING-utch-gook], and goes by various nicknames, including "Hawkeye," "Pathfinder," and "Deerslayer." Identify this wilderness expert, the hero of James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales.

(NATTY) BUMPPO

This Renaissance man's lesser-known works include the satirical poem The Golden Ass and play The Mandrake. His masterpiece gives advice on making alliances, maintaining subjects' goodwill, and reuniting Italy. Name the author of The Prince.

(NICCOLO) MACHIAVELLI

This word means "white dog" in an Algonquian [al-GONG-kee-uhn] language of Virginia. It describes a "prehensile-tailed marsupial ... noted for the habit of feigning death when in danger." Identify this name for the only native North American marsupial.

(O)POSSUM

This man collected many of his poems in Freedom Under Parole, The Sun Stone, and Eagle or Sun? He published his first volume of verse, Luna Silvestre, at age 19. Who wrote a book-length essay about the history and culture of his native Mexico entitled The Labyrinth of Solitude?

(OCTAVIO) PAZ

This author, who studied archaeology and anthropology at Harvard, was president of two Native American organizations. The Enemy Gods and his Pulitzer Prize-winning novel both detail the clash between Navajo and white cultures. Who wrote Laughing Boy?

(OLIVER) LA FARGE

This man intended each of his four-lines poems to stand alone, but his English translator combined them into a continuous elegy. The lines, "Be happy for this moment. This moment is your life," and, "The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, / Moves on," are attributed to him. Name this poet, whose quatrains were collected under the title Rubaiyat [ROO-by-yaht].

(OMAR) KHAYYAM

This playwright's comedies of manners include An Ideal Husband and Lady Windermere's Fan. His best-known play highlights a series of misunderstandings between Jack Worthing, Algernon Moncrieffe, and Lady Bracknell. Who created The Importance of Being Earnest?

(OSCAR) WILDE

While attending the Temuco [teh-MOO-kaw] Boys' School, this young poet encountered another future Nobel laureate, Gabriela Mistral [gah-vree-EH-lah mees-TRAHL]. He published his Modernismo [moh-dare-NEEZ-moh] poems in Canto General [KAHN-toe hen-uh-RAHL] and Residence on Earth. Name this winner of the 1972 Nobel Prize for Literature, best known for Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair.

(PABLO) NERUDA

This historical figure was the subject of a Pulitzer-winning historical volume by Esther Forbes. Forbes also fictionalized him as the best Boston silversmith in her Newbery-winning Johnny Tremain. Which American patriot undertook a midnight ride in 1775?

(PAUL) REVERE

This dramatist won an Obie Award for her dramedy about the AIDS epidemic, The Baltimore Waltz. She won a Pulitzer Prize for her play about Li'l Bit's abuse at the hands of her Uncle Peck. Identify the dramatist of How I Learned to Drive.

(PAULA) VOGEL

This author wrote her parents' biographies in Fighting Angel and The Exile, respectively. She published The Townsman as John Sedges, but used her real name for the House of Earth trilogy. Name the author of Sons and A House Divided, who won the 1932 Nobel Prize for Literature, primarily for her work The Good Earth.

(PEARL S.) BUCK

This dramatist adapted the legend of the Babylonian warrior queen Semiramis [sih-MIR-uh-mis] in The Daughter of the Air. The Mayor of Zalamea [zah-lah-MAY-ah] and The Surgeon of His Honor question aristocracy and the notion of honor. Who advocates for self-awareness in his best-known play, Life is a Dream?

(PEDRO) CALDERON DE LA BARCA, CALDERON, DE LA BARCA

This man used his language and philosophical training to reconcile biblical contradictions in his work Yes and No. His letters and autobiography History of My Troubles tell of his rejected military career, illegitimate son Astrolabe, and compulsory monastic life. Which medieval scholastic theologian is remembered for his love for Heloise?

(PETER OR PIERRE) ABELARD

This poet composed an ode to a long-horned grasshopper in "To a Caty-did," and related insects to mythological figures in "On a Honey Bee." He elegized departed Native Americans in "The Indian Burying Ground," and described his experiences as a prisoner of war in "The British Prison-Ship." What writer of "The Wild Honeysuckle" was nicknamed the Poet of the American Revolution?

(PHILIP MORIN) FRENEAU

This friend of Hugh Henry Brackenridge wrote "The House of Night" and "The Beauties of Santa Cruz" before joining the New Jersey militia. His lesser-known works include "To a New England Poet," "The Vanity of Existence," and "On a Honey Bee." Who was this poet of "The Indian Burying Ground" and "The Wild Honey-Suckle"?

(PHILIP) FRENEAU

This man described his personal and professional lives in History of My Troubles. His background as a logician and philosopher compelled him to track the church's inconsistencies in Yes and No. Name this man, best known for his love affair with Heloise [HEL-oh-weez].

(PIERRE or PETER) ABELARD

This writer argued that God cares about man's intentions in Know Thyself, around the same time he wrote Dialogue Between a Philosopher, a Jew, and a Christian. Yes and No is his compilation of what he considered the Catholic Church's inconsistent teachings, while History of My Troubles tells of his doomed love affair. Who entered a monastery after fathering an illegitimate child by his student Heloise?

(PIERRE) ABELARD

This book is divided into three main parts, with the first part, often dated about 593 to 588 B.C., consisting of threats against Judah and Jerusalem. The second part, Chapters 25 through 32, contains threats against foreign nations. The final section of what Old Testament book, Chapters 33 through 44, deals with the restoration of Israel?

(PROPHECY OF) EZEKIEL

Two of this man's numerous essay collections are Representative Men and The Conduct of Life. "The Poet," "The Over-Soul," "Circles," and "Nature" draw on his various areas of expertise. Name this poet of "Concord Hymn," who also penned the essay "Self-Reliance."

(RALPH WALDO) EMERSON

This writer was a member of the poetry group the Fugitives, and later helped found the Southern Agrarians. He won two Pulitzer Prizes in poetry for Promises and Now and Then. What Kentucky native also won a Pulitzer Prize for fiction as the creator of Louisiana Governor Willie Stark in All the King's Men?

(ROBERT PENN) WARREN

This writer, nicknamed the "Plowman Poet," wrote related poems "To a Louse" and "To a Mouse." He describes a drunk man's visions in "Tam o' Shanter," and likens his love to "a red, red rose / That's newly sprung in June." Identify the poet of the New Year's staple "Auld Lang Syne."

(ROBERT) BURNS

This poet of the villanelle "Acquainted with the Night" recited "The Gift Outright" at John F. Kennedy's inauguration. His poem "Nothing Gold Can Stay" makes an appearance in S. E. Hinton's novel The Outsiders. Who wrote "The Death of the Hired Man" and "Mending Wall"?

(ROBERT) FROST

This poet, a member of the "sons of Ben," collected over 1,200 of his short verses in Hesperides [hes-PAIR-uh-deez]. The speaker urges someone to, "Get up, get up for shame," in "Corinna's Going a-Maying," and wrote what many critics consider the ultimate carpe diem poem. Give the name of this poet, who wrote "Gather ye rosebuds while ye may" in "To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time."

(ROBERT) HERRICK

This playwright's masterpiece imitated comedies of manners like Sheridan's The School for Scandal and Goldsmith's She Stoops to Conquer. It focuses on foppish Billy Dimple, whose engagement to Maria is upset by Henry's return from the Revolutionary War. Who created America's first comedy, The Contrast?

(ROYALL) TYLER

This author, who chronicled his unhappy years in a foster home in "Baa Baa, Black Sheep," published Departmental Ditties while working as a journalist. His poems "Danny Deever," "Mandalay," and "Gunga Din" all appear in Barrack-Room Ballads, written in Cockney dialect to celebrate the enlisted man. Identify this creator of Just So Stories and winner of a Literature Nobel.

(RUDYARD) KIPLING

More than thirty years before publishing The Golden House, this novelist explored Pakistani politics in Shame. He won the Booker Prize for Midnight's Children, but incurred fellow Muslims' wrath with his fourth novel. Name this subject of a fatwa issued by the Ayatollah Khomeini [eye-uh-TOLL-uh khoh-MEY-nee] in response to The Satanic Verses.

(SALMAN) RUSHDIE

This author profiles a tightrope walker in Shalimar the Clown, and a man whose body ages twice as fast as normal in The Moor's Last Sigh. Another novel sees Saleem Sinai born at the exact moment of Indian independence, and a fourth book earned him official death threats. Identify the author of Midnight's Children and The Satanic Verses.

(SALMAN) RUSHDIE

This poet of "Sunken Oboe" and "Scent of Eucalyptus" led the Hermetic poets for over a decade. Day After Day and The Incomparable Earth condemn fascism and reflect the guilt his countrymen felt in the wake of World War Two. Name this Italian Nobel laureate, who collected his poems in To Give and to Have.

(SALVATORE) QUASIMODO

This author penned the allegory The History of Rasselas, and the pessimistic poem "The Vanity of Human Wishes." He created a comprehensive set of biographies in Lives of the Poets, and dominated lexicography for a century with A Dictionary of the English Language. Name this writer, perhaps equally famous as the subject of a James Boswell biography.

(SAMUEL) JOHNSON

This man was the Royal Society's president, a member of Parliament, and his country's first secretary of the Admiralty. He gives an insight into Restoration England's upper-class life in his masterpiece, which he wrote between 1660 and 1669. What Englishman was perhaps the world's most famous diarist?

(SAMUEL) PEPYS

This author wrote three novels--The Tory Lover, A Marsh Island, and A Country Doctor--but is better known for short stories collected in A White Heron. She based the fictional town of Deephaven on her seacoast hometown of South Berwick. Name this regional writer, who celebrated Maine in The Country of the Pointed Firs.

(SARAH ORNE) JEWETT

This poet composed several works on "The Troubles", a nationalist conflict occurring for much of the 20th century. His first major collection of poems was Death of a Naturalist, which included his famous poem "Digging." What Irish Nobel Prize-winning writer is most famous for his 1999 translation of the epic Beowulf?

(SEAMUS) HEANEY

A group of awards named for this author honor "outstanding achievement in the literature of psychological suspense, horror, and the dark fantastic." A Netflix series, as well as two films and a play, are based on her 1959 gothic horror work The Haunting of Hill House. Name this creator of Tessie Hutchinson, the doomed winner of "The Lottery."

(SHIRLEY) JACKSON

This historical figure's fictionalized last days form the basis for the Gabriel García Márquez [gar- SEE-uh MAR-kez] novel The General in His Labyrinth. What South American revolutionary leader gave his name to the country with capitals at Sucre [SOO-kreh] and La Paz?

(SIMON) BOLIVAR

This man printed his tragedy Aglaura [AHG-lau-rah] at his own expense, but his comedy The Goblins fared better. In "A Session of the Poets," he describes a meeting of writers at which Apollo decides who should wear a laurel wreath. Identify this writer, best known for "A Ballad Upon a Wedding."

(SIR JOHN) SUCKLING

This author completed his only manuscript in the ninth year of Edward the Fourth's reign, and inscribed it with a prayer for his deliverance from prison. Unlike his predecessors, he focused on the disloyalty that disrupted the knights' brotherhood, and ultimately broke up the Round Table. Who created the first English prose account of King Arthur in Le Morte D'Arthur?

(SIR THOMAS) MALORY

This man travels to a remote chapel, where he accepts game from the castle's owner and a special girdle from the owner's wife. He receives a small nick on his neck, but discovers that Lord Bertilak has used an enchantress' magic to test his honor. That enchantress is Morgan le Fay. Identify this knight, King Arthur's nephew, who supposedly beheads the Green Knight.

(SIR) GAWAIN

This poem contains the line, "The thirst that from the soul doth rise, / Doth ask a drink divine." It begins, "Drink to me only with thine eyes, / And I will pledge with mine; / Or leave a kiss but in the cup, / And I'll not look for wine." Give the title of this Ben Jonson poem.

(SONG) TO CELIA

This man earned a posthumous Poetry Pulitzer for his story of America's settling, Western Star. His earlier Pulitzer came for a long narrative poem set during the U.S. Civil War. Name this poet of John Brown's Body.

(STEPHEN VINCENT) BENET

This novella's supporting characters include respected lawyer Mr. Utterson, well-known Dr. Lanyon, and Mr. Poole the butler. The protagonist concocts a potion that allows him to separate his good and evil qualities into two different beings. Name this exploration of human nature's duality, written by Robert Louis Stevenson.

(STRANGE CASE OF) DR. JEKYLL AND MR. HYDE

This man's lesser-known plays include Suddenly, Last Summer, The Night of the Iguana, and Summer and Smoke. His three masterpieces feature the dysfunctional Pollitt, Wingfield, Kowalski, and DuBois [doo-BWAH] families. Who wrote Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, The Glass Menagerie, and A Streetcar Named Desire?

(TENNESSEE) WILLIAMS

This poem, set in the Malvern Hills, is divided into sections called passus [pas-us]. It follows Do- Well, Do-Better, and Do-Best, as well as the title character, who promises to lead a "fair field full of folk" to Truth. Name this medieval allegorical poem by William Langland.

(THE VISION OF) PIERS PLOWMAN

This book includes the Yasna [YUHS-nuh], the Vendidad [ven-DEE-dahd], and its oldest section, the Gathas [GAH-tuhs]. It describes the prophet's conversations with Ahura Mazda, the supreme creative deity. What is the sacred text of Zoroastrianism?

(THE ZEND-) AVESTA

This work's hero saves his father, Anchises [an-KIGH-seez], and son, Ascanius [us-KAY-nee-us], from the fall of Troy. He has an affair with the Carthaginian queen Dido [DIE-doe], and later fights Turnus for Lavinia's hand in marriage. What epic poem about the founding of Rome was written by Virgil?

(THE) AENEID

This novel's supporting characters include bohemian journalist Ned Winsett, eccentric aunt Medora Manson, and British banker Julius Beaufort. Newland Archer is married to May Welland, but briefly falls in love with her free-spirited cousin, Countess Ellen Olenska. Give the title of this society novel, which earned a Pulitzer Prize for Edith Wharton.

(THE) AGE OF INNOCENCE

This work's alternate name, Lunyu [LWEN YOO], means "conversations." The greatest of the Four Books, it describes the doctrine of the mean, filial piety, proper conduct, and the superior man. Identify this work attributed to the philosopher Kongfuzi [KAWNG FOO-ZEE], better known as Confucius.

(THE) ANALECTS

This group of fourteen books appears in the Vulgate and Septuagint [SEP-too-uh-jint] Bibles. Their collective name, which means "to hide away," now refers to any writing or statement of doubtful authenticity. Give the general term for books like First Maccabees [MAK-uh-beez], Judith, and Wisdom.

(THE) APOCRYPHA

This short story is set at an establishment in Fort Romper, Nebraska. The Swede and the Easterner are guests of Pat Scully and his son Johnnie at their inn, which is the color of a heron's legs. Give the name of this Stephen Crane story.

(THE) BLUE HOTEL

This eighth-century work contains the text of the four Gospels, as well as accompanying illustrations. It is in the Hiberno-Saxon [high-BUR-noh-SACK-suhn] style, with interlaced patterns and balanced geometric shapes. What is this most famous of the world's illuminated manuscripts?

(THE) BOOK OF KELLS

This story's unnamed narrator is visited by a Scottish Bible salesman who sells him a strange volume he acquired in India. After the book drives him nearly insane with its unusual numbering and infinite illustrations, he hides it in the Argentine National Library. Give the title of this Jorge Luis Borges [HOR-hay LWEES BOR-hays] story.

(THE) BOOK OF SAND

This text, whose alternate title is The Chapters of Coming-Forth-by-Day, was compiled from fragments found in various locations. It contains hymns to the sun god Re, as well as Pyramid Texts and Coffin Texts. What was this Ancient Egyptian funerary text?

(THE) BOOK OF THE DEAD

This novella centers on the historical events of July 20, 1714. After witnessing the title structure's collapse, killing five people, Brother Juniper works to prove that it was God's will. Identify this story set in Peru and written by Thornton Wilder.

(THE) BRIDGE OF SAN LUIS REY

This novel's narrator, Yunior, rooms with the title character in college and briefly dates that man's sister, Lola. Spanning the four decades between 1955 and 1995, it documents a family's life in the Dominican Republic under Trujillo [troo-HEE-yoh], and their eventual escape to the U.S. Give the title of this Pulitzer-winning novel by Junot Díaz [JOO-no DEE-as].

(THE) BRIEF WONDROUS LIFE OF OSCAR WAO

This historical work's three volumes include Fort Sumter to Perryville, Fredericksburg to Meridian, and Red River to Appomattox. Ken Burns adapted it into a 1990 PBS documentary that attracted forty million viewers. Identify this historical work by Shelby Foote.

(THE) CIVIL WAR

This novel, whose protagonist is sentenced to execution by hanging, is set a few days before the sentence is carried out. It is based on an actual 1831 uprising, in which fifty-five slaveholders were killed. Name this Pulitzer-winning novel by William Styron.

(THE) CONFESSIONS OF NAT TURNER

This novel's characters include Mrs. Almira Todd, the narrator's landlady; Captain Littlepage; and the widower Elijah Tilley. The author fictionalized her childhood experiences by setting it in the coastal Maine town of Dunnet Landing. Name this best-known local color work by Sarah Orne Jewett.

(THE) COUNTRY OF THE POINTED FIRS

This play's supporting characters include Mercy Lewis, Mary Warren and Betty Parris. Giles Corey is pressed to death, and John Proctor chooses death over signing a false confession after Abigail Williams instigates witchcraft hysteria. Identify this veiled allegory of the McCarthyist Red Scare by Arthur Miller.

(THE) CRUCIBLE

This collection of 224 ballad stanzas was written to combat Puritan backsliding, and all 1,800 copies from its original printing were read until they fell apart. It begins, "Still was the night, Serene and Bright, / when all Men sleeping lay," and describes every sinner's judgment before God. Give the title of this best-selling poem by Michael Wigglesworth.

(THE) DAY OF DOOM

This poem begins, "From my mother's sleep I fell into the State / And I hunched in its belly till my wet fur froze." It continues, "Six miles from earth, loosed from its dream of life, / I woke to black flak and the nightmare fighters." What is this Randall Jarrell poem?

(THE) DEATH OF THE BALL TURRET GUNNER

This volume, whose sections each begin with a poetic canzone [kawn-TSAW-ne], includes the folk story "The Patient Griselda." Vices, fortune, tragic and triumphant love, and human will are themes for the stories told for a certain number of days. That number is ten. Give the title of this medieval anthology by Boccaccio.

(THE) DECAMERON

This work's numerous young protagonists include Emilia, Filomena [fee-loh-MAY-nah], Filostrato [fee-LAW-strah-toh], and Lauretta. Tragic love, wives' pranks on their husbands, and the power of fortune are a handful of the topics they discuss over the ten days they reside in a country house. Identify this collection of stories, which the characters tell while escaping Florence's plague, written by Boccaccio [boh-KAH-chee-oh].

(THE) DECAMERON

This story's protagonist sells his soul in exchange for seven years of agricultural prosperity. A lawyer and orator makes the receiver of that soul, Mr. Scratch, promise "never to bother Jabez Stone ... nor any other New Hampshire man till doomsday!" Identify this retelling of the Faust legend, written by Stephen Vincent Benét.

(THE) DEVIL AND DANIEL WEBSTER

This volume defines a saint as, "A dead sinner revised and edited," and a bore as, "A person who talks when you wish him to listen." The author originally published it in 1906 under the title The Cynic's Word Book. Identify this satirical work by Ambrose Bierce.

(THE) DEVIL'S DICTIONARY

This multi-part work begins on the night before Good Friday in the year 1300. The narrator tours Hell and Purgatory with the Roman poet Virgil, but explores paradise with his lost love, Beatrice. Name this three-part epic poem by Dante.

(THE) DIVINE COMEDY

This two-volume record from 1086 marks the beginning of most English towns' histories. It records a survey made of all English land and property, including ownership, extent, and value. The name of what record, commissioned by William the Conqueror, means "day of judgment"?

(THE) DOMESDAY BOOK

This river is the subject of a short story collection and a two-part novel by a Nobel Laureate in Literature. Which "silent" river did Mikhail Sholokhov [SHAW-luh-khuhf] write about as it flowed quietly home to the sea?

(THE) DON

This one-act play profiles the hit men Ben and Gus, who wait for their target in a basement. The title object frequently delivers mysterious food orders to the men. Name this absurdist play by Harold Pinter.

(THE) DUMB WAITER

This epic, which survived on clay tablets in Assurbanipal's library, begins with the water deities Apsu [AHP-soo] and Tiamat [TEE-uh-maht]. Marduk rips Tiamat in two, creating the earth and sky, and creates humans from her son Kingu's blood. Give the name of this Babylonian creation myth.

(THE) ENUMA ELISH

This work's first section, "My Dungeon Shook," calls on white America to recognize the inherent equality of the races. Its second part, "Down at the Cross," praises the Black Muslim movement as it recounts the author's Harlem childhood. Give the title of this nonfiction work by James Baldwin.

(THE) FIRE NEXT TIME

This play spotlights Weller Martin and Fonsia Dorsey, two residents of a senior citizens' home. Throughout the play, they tell stories and engage in a battle of wits that parallels the title card game. What winner of the 1978 Pulitzer Prize for Drama was written by D.L. Coburn?

(THE) GIN GAME

This structure, constructed in 1599 and again in 1614, was the first to be built for a specific acting company and financed by the company itself. Richard and Cuthbert Burbage built it out of stolen timber, and it burned to the ground when its thatch roof caught fire during a production of Henry VIII. Which Elizabethan theatre housed the original productions of The Winter's Tale, Othello, and Hamlet?

(THE) GLOBE (THEATRE)

This novel's supporting characters include Muley Graves, Floyd Knowles, and Ivy and Sairy Wilson. Preacher Jim Casy travels with three generations of a family escaping the Dust Bowl region in hopes of finding a better life in California. What Depression-era book about the Joad family was written by John Steinbeck?

(THE) GRAPES OF WRATH

This novel set on Long Island draws distinctions between the valley of ashes, East Egg, and West Egg. The story ends with George Wilson fatally shooting the title character and Daisy Buchanan remaining with her husband Tom. Narrated by Nick Carroway, what is this Jazz Age novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald?

(THE) GREAT GATSBY

This mysterious figure is actually Bertilak, one of Morgan le Fay's followers. On New Year's Day, he challenges King Arthur's court to behead him, but leaves with his severed head and a promise to return the favor in a year and a day. Identify this creation of the Pearl Poet, who tests Sir Gawain's mettle.

(THE) GREEN KNIGHT

This novel follows Henry Scobie, a policeman in West Africa who must choose between his wife, Louise, and a young widow, Helen. With Brighton Rock and The Power and the Glory, it is considered by some critics to form the "Catholic trilogy." Give the name of this Graham Greene novel.

(THE) HEART OF THE MATTER

This work was created in an effort to spread Christianity into northern tribal regions by combining the narrative of Christ with a German epic. It features towns like Nazarethburg and Bethleemaburg, and portrays the characters of Saint Thomas and Saint Peter as valiant knights. Which piece of early ninth century A.D. literature has a title deriving from the Old Saxon word for "savior"?

(THE) HELIAND

This part of the Westover Manuscripts follows the author's work with chief surveyor William Mayo, as well as North Carolina's surveyor general, Edward Moseley. The author originally published it with A Journey to the Land of Eden and A Progress to the Mines. What work about the surveying of the North Carolina-Virginia boundary was written by William Byrd?

(THE) HISTORY OF THE DIVIDING LINE

This poem's speakers "are the stuffed men / Leaning together / Headpiece filled with straw." They assure the reader, "There are no eyes here / In this valley of dying stars / ... / This broken jaw of our lost kingdoms." Name this poem, which concludes, "This is the way the world ends / Not with a bang but a whimper," that was written by T. S. Eliot.

(THE) HOLLOW MEN

This novel features a Hyena-Swine, a Leopard-Man, and a Sloth Creature. Montgomery rescues the shipwrecked Edward Prendick, but is forced to abandon him in the title location. Identify this anti-vivisection novel by H. G. Wells.

(THE) ISLAND OF DOCTOR MOREAU

This play opens with a satirical character based on Machiavelli [mah-kyah-VEL-lee], who claims the protagonist made his wealth by following his teachings. Abigail attempts to convert to Christianity, while her father, Barabas, dies in a cauldron after committing numerous murders. What is this Christopher Marlowe tragedy?

(THE) JEW OF MALTA

This story likely inspired Shakespeare's tragicomedy The Two Noble Kinsmen. In it, Arcite and Palamon duel for the love of Emelye, sister-in-law of Theseus and sister of Hippolyta. Identify this first Canterbury Tale.

(THE) KNIGHT('S TALE)

This text was transmitted orally until the third Caliph [KAY-liff], Othman, determined that its best reciters had died in battle. The fourth caliph, Ali, titled and arranged its 114 chapters, or suras [SIR-uhz], from longest to shortest. Name this revelation of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad [moo-HA-med], the sacred text of Islam.

(THE) KORAN

This drama's title derives from Song of Solomon 2:15, in which the title creatures "spoil the vines." The prequel to Another Part of the Forest, it sees Regina Hubbard Giddens permit her husband's death in order to blackmail her brothers, Oscar and Benjamin. Identify this Lillian Hellman play.

(THE) LITTLE FOXES

This story's narrator meets Thomas Wilson, who left London to live a simple life on Capri. When Wilson's money ran out, he attempted suicide and went partially insane. Identify this W. Somerset Maugham story, which shares its name with an Odyssey character who consumes flowers to remain forgetful.

(THE) LOTUS EATER

This poem begins, "Let us go then, you and I, / When the evening is spread out against the sky / Like a patient etherized upon a table." The title character plans to wear his trousers rolled, part his hair behind, and eat a peach, as he laments, "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons." Give the title of this T. S. Eliot poem.

(THE) LOVE SONG OF J. ALFRED PRUFROCK

This short story collection contains "The Last Mohican," "The First Seven Years," and "Behold the Key." The title story centers on Leo Finkle, who is told that having a wife will make it easier to land a congregation when he becomes a rabbi. What is this work by Jewish-American author Bernard Malamud [MAL-uh-mud]?

(THE) MAGIC BARREL

This novel's supporting characters include the encyclopedist Settembrini [set-uhm-BREE-nee], the Jesuit Naphta, and the hedonist Peeperkorn. Hans Castorp visits his cousin in a Swiss sanatorium, but remains there for seven years, until the outbreak of World War One. What is this Thomas Mann [TOH-mahs MAHN] novel?

(THE) MAGIC MOUNTAIN

This epic, which includes one hundred thousand couplets, is divided into eighteen parvans [PUHR-vuhnz] and the "Genealogy of the God Hari." Its central story depicts a war between two groups of cousins, the Kauravas [COW-ruh-vuhz] and Pandavas [PAHN-duh-vuhz]. What work attributed to Vyasa [vee-YAH-suh] is one of the two greatest Sanskrit epics?

(THE) MAHABHARATA

This novel, subtitled The Romance of Monte Beni, was inspired by a statue that Praxiteles [prak-SIT-uh-leez] sculpted. Donatello befriends three American artists — Kenyon, Hilda, and Miriam — before killing Miriam's stalker. Identify this Nathaniel Hawthorne romance.

(THE) MARBLE FAUN

This poem's speaker "bathed in the Euphrates when dawns were young." He also "looked upon the Nile and raised the pyramids above it" and "heard the singing of the Mississippi." What is this aquatic Langston Hughes poem?

(THE) NEGRO SPEAKS OF RIVERS

This short story, actually a memoir written in the first person, was published in My Life and Hard Times. The narrator, his hypochondriac cousin Briggs Beall, his brother Herman, his grandfather, and his mother fear that a crashing headboard has killed the narrator's father. Name this James Thurber story.

(THE) NIGHT THE BED FELL

This story, which ends with a warning against flattery, is based on the medieval Reynard the Fox tales. Chanticleer the rooster is nearly eaten by a fox but, through trickery, is able to escape. What is this Canterbury Tale?

(THE) NUN'S PRIEST'S (TALE)

This novel fictionalizes Pancho Villa's [VEE-yuhz] army, including General Tomas Arroyo [toh- MAHS uh-ROH-yoh]. American schoolteacher Harriet Winslow gets swept up in the Mexican revolution when she meets the title character, who is actually expatriate author Ambrose Bierce. Give the title of this work by Carlos Fuentes [FWEN-tes].

(THE) OLD GRINGO

This novel ends with its protagonist dreaming of lions playing on African beaches. Santiago struggles with a massive marlin for three days, but sharks eat its carcass before he can return it safely to shore. Identify this novella about an elderly fisherman, written by Ernest Hemingway.

(THE) OLD MAN AND THE SEA

This novel's title character is an elementary school teacher who singles out six ten-year-olds to mentor. Gordon Lowther loves her, but she only has feelings for the married war veteran, Teddy Lloyd. What is this best-known novel of Muriel Spark?

(THE) PRIME OF MISS JEAN BRODIE

This treatise insists that the appearance of virtue is more important than its presence, and that vices are sometimes necessary to maintain order. It advises the reader in forming alliances, maintaining subjects' goodwill, and supporting a strong military. What was this political treatise dedicated to Lorenzo de Medici, and written by Niccolo Machiavelli [mock-ee-uh-VELL-ee]?

(THE) PRINCE

This book has been translated into numerous languages, even though believers consider its original language sacred. It contains divisions that facilitate its reading in one month or one week, and its nonlinear structure is divided by where a particular section was revealed. Revealed in Medina or Mecca, identify this sacred text of Islam.

(THE) QURAN

This book has one hundred fourteen divisions, further divided into āyahs [AH-yuhz], or chapters. Those who follow its precepts say that the angel Gabriel revealed the text to Muhammad during the month of Ramadan [ram-uh-DAHN]. Give the name of Islam's sacred text.

(THE) QURAN

This story, which begins, "It looked like a good thing: but wait till I tell you," sees Johnny threaten to scalp Bill and burn Sam at the stake. Ebenezer Dorset demands $250 to take back his kidnapped son, which the abductors gladly pay. Identify this ironic O. Henry story.

(THE) RANSOM OF RED CHIEF

This non-fiction work grew out of the author's four-part article for Rolling Stone, "Post-Orbital Remorse." It examines the physical and mental characteristics that allowed the Mercury Seven astronauts to be chosen for space flight. What is this Tom Wolfe book?

(THE) RIGHT STUFF

This novel is set in a post apocalyptic world where the gray sky rains ash and starvation is a fact of life. An unnamed man and his son walk toward the coast with a gun and a cart of scavenged food, avoiding groups of cannibals who roam the landscape. Give the title of this Pulitzer Prize-winning Cormac McCarthy novel.

(THE) ROAD

This collection includes the lines, "The Moving Finger writes; and, having writ, / Moves on," and, "Dust into Dust, and under Dust to lie." Edward FitzGerald translated its quatrains into English in 1859. Name this work, which celebrates "A Jug of Wine, a Loaf of Bread — and Thou," by poet Omar Khayyam [kigh-YAHM].

(THE) RUBAIYAT

This work contains the lines, "The Flower that once has blown forever dies" and, "Take the Cash, and let the Credit go." Originally written in the 12th century, it achieved widespread fame in 1859, when Edward FitzGerald translated it into English. Name this work about "A jug of wine, a loaf of bread, and thou," by the Persian poet Omar Khayyam [kie-AM].

(THE) RUBAIYAT

This novel shares its name with a small red flower, the emblem on its hero's calling card. Sir Percy Blakeney assumes the title identity to save French aristocrats from the guillotine during the Reign of Terror. Identify this adventure novel by Baroness Emma Orczy [AWRT-see].

(THE) SCARLET PIMPERNEL

This seventeenth-century French comedy inspired a 1964 off-Broadway musical, The Amorous Flea. Arnolphe [ar-NAWLF] plans to marry his ward, Agnes, but she falls in love with Horace. Name this Moliere [mohl-YAIR] comedy, whose title describes an institution for spouses.

(THE) SCHOOL FOR WIVES

This story from My Life and Welcome to It is set in a grocery store, beauty parlor, and drug store in Waterbury, Connecticut. An ordinary man daydreams of being an assassin on trial, a U.S. Navy and RAF pilot, a surgeon, and a condemned man facing a firing squad. What is this story by James Thurber?

(THE) SECRET LIFE OF WALTER MITTY

This comedy, which is set during the Ice Age, the Flood, and modern war, moves between geologic, biblical, and recorded time. The Antrobus family and their maid, Sabina, represent all of humanity as they prove that history repeats itself. Give the title of this Pulitzer-winning play written by Thornton Wilder.

(THE) SKIN OF OUR TEETH

This work is the source of the quotation, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." Subtitled Principles of Political Right, it posits that each person places his own authority under the "general will." What is this political treatise by Jean-Jacques Rousseau [zhahn zhahk roo- SOH]?

(THE) SOCIAL CONTRACT

This mega-corporation was the subject of a muckraking exposé by Ida Tarbell. In 1911, it was dissolved after the U.S. Supreme Court deemed it an illegal monopoly. Name this multinational corporation founded and chaired by John D. Rockefeller.

(THE) STANDARD OIL (COMPANY)

This play's title characters interact with the army officers Solyony [sal-OWN-ee], Chebutykin [CHEH-boo-TEE-keen], and Tuzenbach [TOO-zin-bock]. Masha falls in love with Vershinin [VAIR-shee-nee-in], while Olga and Irina dream of returning to Moscow. Name this 1901 play by Anton Chekhov.

(THE) THREE SISTERS

This novel is narrated by the protagonist from inside a mental hospital, and criticizes the rise of Nazism in Germany. The plot revolves around Oskar Matzerath [MAHT-ser-aht], a uniquely talented toddler of adult intelligence who decided to stop growing at the age of three. What 1959 novel, in which Oskar plays the title instrument giving him magical abilities, was written by Nobel Laureate Günter Grass [GOON-tur GRAHS]?

(THE) TIN DRUM

This novel's protagonist loses all his money on the eve of his son George's wedding to Arabella Wilmot. His daughter, Olivia, weds Squire Thornhill, while Sophia marries Sir William Thornhill. Name this Oliver Goldsmith novel featuring Doctor Primrose.

(THE) VICAR OF WAKEFIELD

This poem claims, "I will show you fear in a handful of dust," and, "The nymphs are departed." Dedicated to Ezra Pound, it expresses disillusionment with post-World War One society, using scenes linked by the Grail legend. Name this 433-line, five-part poem by T. S. Eliot.

(THE) WASTE LAND

This book's characters include the Quadlings, the Winkies, and Boq the rich Munchkin. The Tin Woodman, Scarecrow, Cowardly Lion, and Dorothy Gale all petition the title character for gifts. Name this 1901 novel by L. Frank Baum.

(THE) WONDERFUL WIZARD OF OZ

This twentieth-century dramatic genre often traps characters in hopeless situations, and mixes broad comedy with horrible events. Works in the genre include Edward Albee's The Zoo Story, Harold Pinter's The Homecoming, and Tom Stoppard's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. Which genre is most closely identified with Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot?

(THEATRE OF THE) ABSURD

This author, the son of a Quaker and an Anglican, opined on religion's place in society in The Age of Reason. He responded to Edmund Burke's Reflections on the Revolution in France with The Rights of Man. Who also wrote the "Crisis" papers and the pamphlet Common Sense?

(THOMAS) PAINE

This writer's most recent works include the novels Bleeding Edge and Inherent Vice. His first novel, V, earned the Faulkner Foundation Award, while The Crying of Lot 49 describes a dystopian future of closed societies. Name this man, who garnered a National Book Award for his tale of a special V-2 rocket, Gravity's Rainbow.

(THOMAS) PYNCHON

This character dives into a river to save Little Eva, whose father Augustine St. Clare purchases him in gratitude. He refuses to divulge Cassy and Emmeline's location, instead enduring a fatal beating ordered by Simon Legree. Name this pious slave, the title character of an abolitionist novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe.

(UNCLE) TOM

This historian popularized the dating of events from Christ's birth in On Times and On the Reckoning of Time. His devotion to monastic life inspired Lives of the Abbots, while his best- known work begins with Julius Caesar's raids and ends with St. Augustine's arrival in Kent. Identify the author of Ecclesiastical History of the English People.

(VENERABLE) (SAINT) BEDE

This man set forth his literary theories in "Notes Towards a Supreme Fiction" and "The Aesthetic of Evil." Critics and readers ignored Harmonium, the source of "The Emperor of Ice- Cream," but appreciated "The Man with the Blue Guitar." Name this writer, whose Collected Poems, including "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird," earned a Pulitzer Prize.

(WALLACE) STEVENS

This character from Waterbury, Connecticut, rides past a hospital, hears a newsboy shouting, and waits at a beauty parlor and a drugstore. He imagines a romantic death, a courtroom trial, a surgery, and two flights as he performs these mundane tasks. Which James Thurber character inspired an adjective meaning "an adventurous daydreamer"?

(WALTER) MITTY

This writer's love of Spanish legend inspired him to publish A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada and The Alhambra. He collected essays in Salmagundi, and wrote a satirical History of New York under the pseudonym Diedrich Knickerbocker. Who wrote The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, which introduced Katrina Van Tassel, Ichabod Crane, and Rip Van Winkle?

(WASHINGTON) IRVING

This author depicts Claude Wheeler's search for purpose as a soldier in World War One in the Pulitzer-winning novel One of Ours. The Song of the Lark is the middle novel in her Prairie Trilogy. Identify the Nebraska-based author of My Ántonia and O Pioneers!

(WILLA) CATHER

This two-term senator in the Irish Free State partnered with Lady Gregory and John Millington Synge [SING] to lead the Irish literary revival, in large part through the Abbey Theatre. His country's political turmoil inspired his poems "Easter 1916" and "The Second Coming." Who was this writer of "Leda and the Swan" and "Sailing to Byzantium"?

(WILLIAM BUTLER) YEATS

This writer named his first verse collection for his epic poem The Wanderings of Oisin [uh- SHEEN]. He included his early poem "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" in The Countess Kathleen and Various Legends and Lyrics. Who inspired the title for Things Fall Apart with his poem "The Second Coming"?

(WILLIAM BUTLER) YEATS

This author of Dialogues regarding church governance co-wrote a journal with Edward Winslow in 1622. That work, Mourt's Relation, describes life in the colony he governed for thirty years. Name this colonial leader, who also wrote Of Plymouth Plantation.

(WILLIAM) BRADFORD

While meeting with a group of humanist scholars at the White Horse Inn, this man decided to create a biblical translation. He was executed in 1536, before he completed his Old Testament translation. Identify this scholar, whose translation of the New Testament became the first vernacular English text of any portion of the Bible.

(WILLIAM) TYNDALE

This poet describes a singing girl in "The Solitary Reaper," and laments, "Little we see in Nature that is ours" in "The World Is Too Much With Us." He describes "Growth of a Poet's Mind" in the autobiographical The Prelude, and composed some lines "a few miles above Tintern Abbey." Identify the Romantic poet of "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud," who collaborated with Samuel Taylor Coleridge on Lyrical Ballads.

(WILLIAM) WORDSWORTH

This man completed a biography of his ancestor in Marlborough: His Life and Times, and collected some of his essays in Thoughts and Adventures. After earning the Nobel Prize for Literature, he published the four-volume History of the English-Speaking Peoples. Name this man, best remembered for leading the United Kingdom during World War Two.

(WINSTON) CHURCHILL

This man wrote A Dance of the Forests, a satire of his native country, for its independence celebrations in 1960. He expresses dissatisfaction with African governments in his plays The Road, The Strong Breed and Kongi's [KAHN-jeez] Harvest. Who is this dramatist of Death and the King's Horseman, the first black African Nobel laureate?

(WOLE) SOYINKA

This author deals with persistent loneliness and isolation in One Arm, Beauty and Sadness, and The Master of Go. The Sound of the Mountain focuses on an old man's bond with his daughter-in-law, while Thousand Cranes profiles the tea ceremony. Identify the author of Snow Country, who became the first Japanese Nobel Laureate in Literature in 1968.

(YASUNARI) KAWABATA

This man entitled his tetralogy of novels--The Decay of the Angel, The Temple of Dawn, Runaway Horses, and Spring Snow--The Sea of Fertility. A Buddhist acolyte is the protagonist of The Temple of the Golden Pavilion, while his first novel focuses on a man who must hide his homosexuality. Name the author of Confessions of a Mask, who committed ritual suicide after a failed coup attempt.

(YUKIO) MISHIMA

This man, for whom the Book of Mormon named one of its books, received a new name meaning "father of many." At God's command, he left Ur with his nephew Lot, wife, and son to found Canaan. Which biblical patriarch was the father of Ishmael by his maidservant Hagar, and of Isaac by his wife Sarah?

ABRAHAM

This legendary figure carries his father Anchises [an-KIGH-seez] on his back to escape the burning city of Troy. He defeats Turnus for Lavinia's hand and founds the city of Lavinium, but only after abandoning Dido [DYE-doh] at Carthage. Who is this hero of an epic by the Roman poet Virgil?

AENEAS

This protagonist kills both an African magician and his brother, who tricked him into requesting a roc's egg. He uses jewels to woo the sultan's daughter, thereby rising from poverty to wealth and power when he takes the throne. Name this Chinese tailor's son, who summons two jinns from a ring and a lamp.

ALADDIN

This character marries his widowed sister-in-law after outlaws kill and quarter his brother Cassim [kuh-SEEM]. He frees the servant Morgiana, who kills thieves hiding in oil jars before they can murder her master. Name this character from The Thousand and One Nights, who finds treasure using the phrase, "Open, sesame!"

ALI BABA

This man's brother Cassim [kah-SEEM] is killed and quartered by a band of robbers. His slave Morgiana kills those thieves by pouring hot oil on them, before they reclaim the treasure they'd hidden in a cave. Who is this poor woodcutter from The Thousand and One Nights, who makes his fortune with the line, "Open, Sesame!"?

ALI BABA

This novel introduced the world to Dr. Adam and Anne Stanton, Judge Montague Irwin, and Sadie Burke. Jack Burden narrates the story of doomed politician Willie Stark, whom the author based on Louisiana governor and U.S. senator Huey P. Long. Give the title of this Robert Penn Warren novel.

ALL THE KING'S MEN

Thomas à Kempis used this literary device when he said, "Man proposes, God disposes." From the Greek for "opposite," which device places two contrasting phrases or sentences in close proximity?

ANTITHESIS

This volume of poetry, its author's last, contains "Tulips," "Daddy," and "Lady Lazarus." It shares its name with a spirit from Shakespeare's The Tempest. Which Sylvia Plath volume also shares its name with the Little Mermaid?

ARIEL

This literary term, according to German critic Gotthold Lessing, refers to a process that converts excess emotion to a virtuous disposition. Aristotle used it to describe the effects of true tragedy on the audience. What literary term refers to the purification or purgation of emotions in a drama?

CATHARSIS

This three-word phrase first appeared in Discourse on Method, where the author deemed it the only statement to survive his methodic doubt. Identify the Latin phrase that René Descartes [day-KART] used to mean, "I think, therefore I am."

COGITO, ERGO SUM

This character, whose birth name is Alonso Quijano [kee-HAH-noh], goes mad from reading too many books about chivalry. He tries to return knight-errantry to society, to woo Dulcinea [dul- sih-NAY-uh], and to defeat windmills that he mistakes for giants. Who is this tragicomic title character of a Miguel de Cervantes [mee-GEL de ser-VAHN-tes] novel?

DON QUIXOTE

This novel focuses on the upper-class daily life of the Jia [JYAH] family. It loosely profiles the rise and fall of the author's own family, as well as the Qing [CHING] dynasty's decline. Name this work, one of China's four great classical novels, by Cao Zhan [TSAHOH JAHN].

DREAM OF THE RED CHAMBER, DREAM OF THE RED MANSION(S), (THE) STORY OF THE STONE

This play begins in 1948, and spans twenty-five years, aging the title character from seventy- two to ninety-seven. Boolie hires Hoke Colburn to chauffeur his elderly mother, who overcomes her prejudices to befriend her African-American employee. Identify this Pulitzer-winning play, the first in the Atlanta Trilogy by Alfred Uhry.

DRIVING MISS DAISY

This poet penned a series of eight "Autumn Meditations," and celebrated nature in "The Solitary Goose" and "Welcome Rain on a Spring Night." As a censor for the exiled court, he wrote of court luxury in the poem "The Beautiful Women." Name this poet of "The Ballad of the Army Carts," who briefly traveled with fellow writer Li Bai.

DU FU, TU FU

This poem laments, "Full many a flow'r is born to blush unseen, / And waste its sweetness on the desert air," and, "The paths of glory lead but to the grave." It begins, "The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, / The lowing herd wind slowly o'er the lea." Give the title of this work by Graveyard Poet Thomas Gray.

ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD

This long poem ends with the title character working in a Philadelphia hospital, where her one- time love dies in her arms. Gabriel Lajeunesse [la-zhuh-NESS] and the title woman are separated when the British expel Acadians from present-day Nova Scotia. Give the title of this Henry Wadsworth Longfellow poem.

EVANGELINE

This character dies after accidentally drinking the poisoned wine intended for her son. She angers that son by abruptly marrying her brother-in-law, Claudius, after her first husband's murder. Give the name of Hamlet's mother.

GERTRUDE

What specific type of verbal appears in the following sentence: "Listening to music is extremely relaxing"?

GERUND (PHRASE)

Although he is the offspring of a mortal man and a goddess, this character is somehow one-third human and two-thirds deity. He kills the giant Humbaba [hum-BAH-buh] and, with his best friend Enkidu [INK-ih-doo], slays the Bull of Heaven. Name this king of Uruk, who discovers the secret of immortality in a Babylonian epic.

GILGAMESH

This work centers on the King of Uruk [OO-rook], who is two-thirds god and one-third man. He persuades Utnapishtim [oot-nuh-PISH-tim] to tell him the secret of immortality after the gods kill his friend Enkidu [EN-kee-doo]. Who is this title character of a Mesopotamian epic?

GILGAMESH

Unusually-named characters in this novel include India Wilkes, Aunt Pittypat Hamilton, Prissy, and Bonnie Blue. Charles Hamilton and Frank Kennedy marry the protagonist, who then saves her family's plantation by wedding a wealthy blockade runner. Name this story of Tara, Rhett Butler, and Scarlett O'Hara, written by Margaret Mitchell.

GONE WITH THE WIND

This literary group, whose members were all associated with Yale, supported a strong, conservative central government. Its members, including Timothy Dwight, John Trumbull, and Joel Barlow, collaborated on a work subtitled A Poem on the Restoration of Chaos and Substantial Night. Which group wrote The Anarchiad [uh-NARK-ee-ad]?

HARTFORD WITS, CONNECTICUT WITS

This type of verb's main function is to express tense and mood. It is usually a form of "to be," as in "need," "should," or "will." What kind of verb assists a main verb?

HELPING, AUXILIARY (VERB)

This rhetorical device is the opposite of litotes [LAHY-tuh-teez]. If someone says, "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse," or, "I had to wait an eternity," she is using it. Identify this kind of intentional exaggeration that is not meant to be taken literally.

HYPERBOLE

This man helped revive English as a literary language in the twelfth century, when Latin and French had nearly overtaken it. His romance-chronicle begins with Aeneas's great-grandson landing on Britain's shores, and ends with the Saxons' defeat of the Britons in 689. Who wrote Brut?

LAYAMON

This six-letter word comes from a character in ancient Greek literature known for his wisdom. Athena assumes the likeness of this faithful friend of Odysseus to help Telemachus [tuh-LEM- uh-kus] search for his father. Identify this character whose name means a usually older person who acts as an adviser or guide to a younger person.

MENTOR

This epic poem's hero uses a cloak of invisibility to help Gunther woo Brunhild [BROON-hilt]. Siegfried marries Kriemhild [KREEM-hilt], but is killed by Hagen [HAH-gun], who sinks his treasure in the Rhine. Give the title of this poem, which inspired Richard Wagner's [RIKH-ahrt VAHG-nuhrz] Ring Cycle.

NIBELUNGENLIED, SONG OF THE NIBELUNGS

This character first appears as a young boy in "Indian Camp." He also figures prominently in "The Killers," "In Another Country," and "Big Two-Hearted River." Who is this semi- autobiographical Ernest Hemingway creation from In Our Time?

NICK ADAMS

This character from ancient literature was, according to Milton, someone who hunted men instead of game. Genesis states that he was the ruler of Shinar [SHY-nahr], which probably refers to Sumer, and the builder of Nineveh. Identify this literary character that Genesis also calls "the mighty hunter before the Lord."

NIMROD

This novel introduced compound words like "ownlife," "thoughtcrime," and "Newspeak." Mr. Charrington is a member of the Thought Police, O'Brien is an Inner Party member, and Winston Smith betrays Julia rather than undergo the punishment of Room 101. Give the title of this George Orwell novel.

NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR

This dramatic genre [ZHAHN-ruh], which encompasses madwoman and demon plays, includes a principal actor, a subordinate actor, and a narrator. With a name meaning "talent," it developed in the fourteenth century as a means of transmitting religious and folk myths. Identify this three-letter Japanese dramatic form.

NOH

This foreign phrase refers to names like George Orwell, George Eliot, and Lewis Carroll. Identify this phrase, a synonym of "pseudonym" [SOO-duh-nim], that is French for "pen name."PATIO

NOM DE PLUME

This novel's heroine is a country clergyman's daughter who reads too many Gothic novels. Catherine Morland visits Bath before traveling to the title location, where she falls in love with Henry Tilney. Which of Jane Austen's novels was published posthumously?

NORTHANGER ABBEY

This character dies when Roger rolls a boulder down a mountain. After discovering a conch shell that can be used to signal other boys, he becomes Ralph's "lieutenant." Who is this spectacled, plump intellectual from William Golding's Lord of the Flies?

PIGGY

This comic playwright borrowed extensively from Greek works, but added Roman references and plenty of slapstick to his writing. Casina and Pseudolus employed stock characters like the clever slave, lovers, and braggart soldier. Name the dramatist responsible for Miles Gloriosus and Menaechmi [muh-NYKE-mee], the inspiration for The Comedy of Errors.

PLAUTUS

This author was a citizen of both Greece and Rome, the magistrate at Chaeronea [kare-oh-NEE- uh], and a priest at Delphi [DEL-fee]. His Moralia [moor-RAL-ee-uh] contemplates oracles, marriage, and education, but his best-known work compares the biographies of Greek and Roman orators and statesmen. Who was the author of Parallel Lives?

PLUTARCH

This fictional character supposedly collected his advice on business and public affairs in The Way to Wealth. Originally a slow-witted astronomer, the author later characterized him as a religious, rural farmer known for his wise proverbs. Who allegedly said, "Fish and visitors stink after three days" in his namesake almanac, a creation of Benjamin Franklin?

POOR RICHARD

This work, first published on December 19, 1732, was its author's most profitable writing venture, aside from the Pennsylvania Gazette. Over twenty-five years, its annual publication provided proverbs and farming advice to thousands of American colonists. Give the title of this work, published under a pseudonym by Benjamin Franklin.

POOR RICHARD'S ALMANAC

This work, published annually from 1732 to 1758, advises, "Well done is better than well said," and, "Wish not so much to live long, as live well." The supposed author is a pious, quiet farmer who extols the virtues of hard work and simple living. Identify this treasury of wisdom compiled by Benjamin Franklin.

POOR RICHARD'S ALMANACK

When we first see him, he enters Catfish Row on a goat cart to organize a craps game. He is jailed for contempt of court, and sets out for New York to find Sportin' Life and his woman. From a Dorothy and DuBose Heyward play, name this lover of Bess.

PORGY

This root word means "carry" or "bear." When it stands alone, it can mean the left side of a ship. Which four-letter word can also refer to a harbor or town where ships are loaded and unloaded?

PORT

This kind of subject complement renames the subject and completes a linking verb. Give the term for how the word "teacher" functions in the sentence, "Mr. Smith is a teacher."

PREDICATE NOMINATIVE, PREDICATE NOUN

This Greek prefix appears in words for an author's pen name, and an organism like an amoeba. Name the Greek prefix meaning "false," which can precede -nym or -pod.

PSEUD(O)

This six-letter Greek root can stand alone as an adjective that means "not real" or "not genuine." It more often appears as part of a longer word, such as a synonym for "pen name," or for a temporary protrusion in an amoeba. What Greek root is the equivalent of the English "false"?

PSEUDO

This woman, who sprang from a furrow that King Janaka [juh-NUHK] plowed, wed the man who bent Shiva's bow. She proved her purity through an ordeal by fire, and bore twins after her husband rescued her from the demon king Ravana [RAH-vuh-nuh]. Name this heroine of the Hindu epic Ramayana [rah-MAH-yuh-nuh].

SITA

This compound word means "sandwich table" in its language of origin. It usually names a buffet meal of salads, casseroles, cheeses, and hors d'oeuvres. Which word also describes "an extensive array or variety", and comes from Swedish?

SMORGASBORD

While Aristophanes [ar-uh-STOF-uh-neez] mocks this philosopher in The Clouds, Plato defends him in Apology. The husband of Xantippe [zan-TIP-ee], he poisoned himself with hemlock after being convicted of corrupting Athenian youths. Name this "gadfly of Athens," whose teaching method asked students questions to stimulate critical thinking.

SOCRATES

This poem's speaker asks, "Do I contradict myself? / Very well then I contradict myself." Later, he sounds his "barbaric yawp over the roofs of the world." Identify this poem from Walt Whitman's Leaves of Grass.

SONG OF MYSELF

This novel's characters include Hagar, First Corinthians, and Pilate Dead. It centers on Macon "Milkman" Dead's search for identity as he explores his family's history. Identify this biblical- sounding novel by Toni Morrison.

SONG OF SOLOMON

This collection of nineteen poems contains "The Chimney Sweeper," "Holy Thursday," and "The Lamb." It was the author's first demonstration of "illuminated printing," in which he published text alongside hand-colored illustrations. What companion volume to Songs of Experience was written by William Blake?

SONGS OF INNOCENCE

This novel's minor characters include The Editor, Mozart, and Pablo, the jazz saxophone player. Harry Haller, who refers to himself as the title creature, befriends Hermine [her-MY-nee] and has an affair with Maria. Give the title of this Herman Hesse [HES-uh] novel.

STEPPENWOLF

This fashion term comes from the Italian for "dagger." It can refer to a small dagger, or to a sharp tool that makes holes in leather or cloth. Give this term, which is more commonly a synonym for "spike heel."

STILETTO

This grammatical mood can express a demand, requirement, request, or suggestion. It can also express a condition contrary to fact, or a wish. Identify the mood of the sentence, "My dog acted as if he were guilty of stealing the donuts."

SUBJUNCTIVE (MOOD)

This grammatical mood may express a speculation, or a condition contrary to fact. It can also indicate a wish or suggestion. Give the mood of the verb in the sentence, "The dog acted as though she were guilty."

SUBJUNCTIVE (MOOD)

Conjunctions in this class combine word groups that are not the same part of speech and are grammatically dissimilar. Examples include "while," "until," "though," and "because." Name this group, not to be confused with correlative [kuh-REL-uh-tiv] or coordinating conjunctions.

SUBORDINATING (CONJUNCTION(S))

This specific part of speech introduces an adverb clause. It can also join an independent clause to a dependent one. What type of conjunction are "although" and "because"?

SUBORDINATING (CONJUNCTION)

This work's three parts are titled "Proofs for the Existence of God," "The Nature and Limits of Human Knowledge," and "The Purpose of Man." The author used it to reconcile Catholic doctrine with Aristotelian logic. Give the title of this religious masterwork by Saint Thomas Aquinas.

SUMMA THEOLOGICA

This word denotes the highest degree of comparison among adjectives and adverbs. Give the degree of the words lightest and friendliest.

SUPERLATIVE (DEGREE)

This mythological figure visited Sparta and Pylos [PEE-los] in search of his absent father. Upon returning home, he helped his father slay his mother's numerous suitors. Name the son of Penelope and Odysseus in The Odyssey.

TELEMACHUS

This Roman playwright, a former slave, adapted the comedies of Menander [muh-NAN-der] in The Self-Tormentor and The Eunuch. The Mother-in-Law was less successful than his later comedy, Phormio [FORE-mee-oh]. Which dramatist wrote The Maid from Andros and Adelphi, or The Brothers?

TERENCE

This poem encourages the reader to, "Go forth under the open sky, and list / To Nature's teachings." With a name meaning "view of death," it states, "approach thy grave / Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch / About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams." Identify this poem written at age 17 by William Cullen Bryant.

THANATOPSIS

This story, which first appeared in The Phantom Rickshaw, was inspired by James Brooke, a British explorer who became a white rajah in Borneo. Peachey Carnehan and Daniel Dravot travel to Kafiristan [kah-fih-rih-STAHN], a remote region of Afghanistan, where they establish themselves as gods. What is this Rudyard Kipling story?

THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING

This novel contains the white district commissioner, Mr. Brown, and Reverend James Smith, as well as members of an Igbo clan. Okonkwo [oh-KAHN-kwoh] fears that his older son inherited his father's effeminacy, and commits suicide at the novel's conclusion. Name this most celebrated novel of Nigerian author Chinua Achebe [CHIN-wah ah-CHAY-bay].

THINGS FALL APART

This novel's protagonist loves Isabelle Borges, Rosalind Connage, Clara Page, and Eleanor Savage, but all of them reject him. While attending Princeton, Amory Blaine befriends Burne Holiday and Dick Humbird. Name this semi-autobiographical novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald.

THIS SIDE OF PARADISE

This verse collection includes "Roast Possum," "Lightnin' Blues," and "The House on Bishop Street." Its two sections, "Mandolin" and "Canary in Bloom," fictionalize the lives of the poet's grandfather and grandmother. What is this poetry collection by Rita Dove?

THOMAS AND BEULAH

This deity is the primeval sea seen as a dragon goddess. As the wife of the fresh water god Apsu [APP-soo], she is the mother of all the gods. Identify this Babylonian goddess, whose body Marduk [MAR-dook] splits to make heaven and earth.

TIAMAT

This poem ends, "I backward cast my e'e. / On prospects drear! / An' forward, tho' I canna see, / I guess an' fear!" The speaker calls the title creature a "sleekit, cow'rin, tim'rous beastie," and muses about, "The best-laid schemes o' mice an' men." What is this Robert Burns poem?

TO A MOUSE

This poem's first line — "Hail to thee, blithe Spirit!" — inspired a Noel Coward comedy. The speaker asks the title bird to "teach me half the gladness / That thy brain must know." Give the title of this Percy Bysshe Shelley poem.

TO A SKYLARK

This poem asserts that "silence sounds no worse than cheers / After earth has stopped the ears." It begins, "That time you won your town the race / We chaired you through the market- place." Give the name of this A. E. Housman work.

TO AN ATHLETE DYING YOUNG

This prefix means "beyond" when used in the term for an element with an atomic number greater than 92. It can also mean "across" or "on the other side," as in the counterpart of the Romans' Cisalpine [sis-AL-pine] Gaul. Identify this Latin prefix found in the name of a private university in Lexington.

TRAN(S)-

This Latin prefix can appear before "form," "action," "port," or "plant." Give this prefix meaning "across."

TRANS-

This legendary figure fetched a wife for his uncle, King Mark of Cornwall, but fell in love with her after drinking a potion. When he is wounded by a poisoned arrow, he dies because his wife claims his true love has not arrived to heal him. Identify this man from a Gottfried von Strassburg poem, the true love of Isolde [ee-ZAWL-duh].

TRISTAN

This semi-autobiographical novel includes Boris, Carl, Van Norden, and Collins, friends of the narrator who live in 1920s Paris. The U. S. Supreme Court ruled that it was not obscene, paving the way for the other volumes in the trilogy: Black Spring and Tropic of Capricorn. Identify this novel by Henry Miller.

TROPIC OF CANCER

This novel's characters include Dandelion, Blackberry, Buckthorn, and Speedwell. Hazel guides his fellow rabbits away from their home warren, which Fiver senses will be destroyed. Give the title of this Richard Adams work.

WATERSHIP DOWN

This epic character proves himself a worthy leader by risking his life to defeat his enemy. He almost sacrifices himself to save the Geatish king, who is mortally wounded in his battle with a dragon. Name this potential successor of Beowulf.

WIGLAF

A new meaning of this four-letter word was introduced in the song New Amerykah Part One by Erykah Badu. By the mid-2010s, the term had become a popular internet hashtag, and was synonymous with the Black Lives Matter Movement. What term refers to one's perceived awareness of racial and social injustice?

WOKE

This character is a dying political boss who recalls his transformation from revolutionary to corrupt capitalist. He mourns his son's death, knows that his wife and daughter hate him, and cherishes the memory of a prostitute who once loved him. Who is this title character of a Carlos Fuentes novel?

ARTEMIO CRUZ

This book, winner of the 1997 General Non-Fiction Pulitzer, is subtitled America's Hundred-Year Cigarette War, the Public Health, and the Unabashed Triumph of Philip Morris. Name this book, whose title is found in an Anglican burial phrase.

ASHES TO ASHES

This sound device appears in the phrases "high as a kite" and "mad as a hatter." It also occurs between individual words, including "quite" and "like." What is the repetition of stressed vowel sounds within words?

ASSONANCE

This grammatical structure appears in the following sentence: "I enjoyed the cake that you baked me." Which type of sentence contains one independent and at least one dependent clause?

COMPLEX (SENTENCE)

This long poem's narrator is Bernal Diaz, who was a soldier with Cortez in his youth. It garnered the 1933 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Identify this Archibald MacLeish work, whose name signifies a Spanish conqueror of the New World.

CONQUISTADOR

This literary device, similar to rhyme, occurs in the phrases "odds and ends" and "stroke of luck." Name this technique, in which two or more words have the same final consonant sounds, but different vowel sounds.

CONSONANCE

To learn examples of this type of conjunction, students sometimes memorize the acronym FANBOYS. They link two or more words, clauses, or sentences of equal syntactical importance. Which type of conjunction are "for," "so," and "or"?

COORDINATING (CONJUNCTION)

What type of conjunction is present in the following sentence? This fall, she will either attend Vanderbilt or Stanford.

CORRELATIVE (CONJUNCTION)

This compound word is French for "bottom of the bag." Give this term for a dead-end street.

CUL-DE-SAC

This dramatic form includes a chanted narration, jōruri [JOE-roo-ree], accompanied by the samisen, a three-stringed lute. Its performers are half-life-size dolls, some of whom require three handlers. Give the name for Japanese puppet theater.

BUNRAKU

This poem's antagonists include the evil magician Archimago [ark-ih-MA-go] and the false beauty Duessa. Florimell symbolizes beauty, Britomart epitomizes chastity, and Una and the Redcrosse Knight represent virtue. What epic poem, which allegorizes Queen Elizabeth as Gloriana, was composed by Edmund Spenser?

(THE) FAERIE QUEENE

This story ends when the title structure splits in two and sinks into a lake. Roderick buries his not-quite-dead sister, Madeline, in a crypt, but she reappears in a blood-stained shroud. What is this horror story by Edgar Allan Poe?

(THE) FALL OF THE HOUSE OF USHER

This short story begins, "One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies." Della sells her hair to earn $20, which she spends on a fob for the watch that Jim sold to buy her hair combs. Identify this O. Henry story.

(THE) GIFT OF THE MAGI

This story collection includes William Stendahl, who re-creates the House of Usher, and Benjamin Driscoll, who plants trees. Its best-known stories are "Rocket Summer," " — And the Moon Be Still as Bright," and "There Will Come Soft Rains." What collection of stories about the fourth planet from the sun was written by Ray Bradbury?

(THE) MARTIAN CHRONICLES

This poem calls its title location "Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler." In addition, it names it "Stormy, husky, brawling / City of the Big Shoulders" and "Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat." What poem about the "Hog Butcher for the World" was written by Carl Sandburg?

CHICAGO

This man produced treatises on duties, glory, fate, friendship, and the nature of the gods. He imitated the Socratic dialogue in a work that cast Scipio as a wise man, De Re Publica, or On the Commonwealth. What man, perhaps Rome's most famous orator, attacked Mark Antony in Philippics?

CICERO

This essay sprang from its author's imprisonment for refusing to pay a poll tax. It asserts that "Any man more right than his neighbors constitutes a majority of one," and, "That government is best which governs least." Name this essay by Henry David Thoreau.

CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

This word's Latin roots mean "barrier" and "fear," respectively. It is the opposite of agoraphobia [ag-er-uh-FOH-bee-uh]. Give the word for an abnormal fear of enclosed or narrow spaces.

CLAUSTROPHOBIA

This play resulted from Queen Elizabeth's request to see Falstaff, the bumbling character from Henry IV, fall in love. Slender, Caius, and Fenton vie for Anne Page's hand, while Mistresses Page and Ford trick Falstaff, who has sent them both love letters. Name this Shakespearean comedy.

(THE) MERRY WIVES OF WINDSOR

This story's protagonist develops a taste for rotting scraps, loses his job as a traveling salesman, and frightens the boarders in his parents' home. That protagonist eventually dies after waking one morning to find himself transformed into a large insect. What is this most famous story, about Gregor Samsa, by Franz Kafka?

(THE) METAMORPHOSIS

This story's hero concludes that an orangutan has murdered Madame L'Espanaye [les-puh-NAY] and her daughter, Mademoiselle Camille. It introduces the French sleuth C. Auguste Dupin [doo-PAH], making it the world's first detective story. Give the name of this Edgar Allan Poe story.

(THE) MURDERS IN THE RUE MORGUE

This work essentially ends with the poet's own epitaph, whose first lines are, "Here rests his head upon the lap of Earth / A youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown." The poem's speaker notices the rough headstones in a local cemetery and muses on humanity's mortality, including his own. Give the title of this Thomas Gray poem.

ELEGY WRITTEN IN A COUNTRY CHURCHYARD

This play features Nagg and Nell, two legless characters who live in adjacent dustbins. Their son, Hamm, is blind and unable to stand, while Hamm's servant, Clov, is unable to sit. Which absurdist one-act by Samuel Beckett shares its name with a chess term?

ENDGAME

This comedy includes dueling choruses of old women and old men. The title character gathers women from Thebes, Sparta, and Athens to lay siege to the Acropolis and end the Peloponnesian War. Give the title of this comedy by Aristophanes.

LYSISTRATA

While her name actually means "waterfall" in the Dakota language, many people translate it as "laughing water." Her father is Nokomis [nuh-KOH-mis], and her husband is Hiawatha [high-uh- WAH-thuh]. Name this Henry Wadsworth Longfellow creation.

MINNEHAHA

This type of medieval drama typically had two subjects: Nicholas and the Virgin Mary. While it could depict Bible stories, it often focused on saints' lives. Name the counterpart of the mystery and morality play.

MIRACLE (PLAY)

To create the opposites of "fire," "spell," or "trust," add this three-letter prefix. Name this prefix meaning "mistaken" or "incorrectly."

MIS-

This work, which Judah ha-Nasi [ha-nah-SEE] compiled in the third century, has a name meaning "repeated study." Whereas the Torah contains Jewish written law, this collection codified the religion's oral laws. What is this portion of the Talmud, the companion of the Gemara [guh-MAHR-uh]?

MISHNAH

This poetic genre uses elevated language and elaborate style to treat common subjects in a satirical manner. One example would be Hudibras by Samuel Butler. Identify this genre, whose most famous example is Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock.

MOCK EPIC

This literary device is sometimes called atmosphere. It can be peaceful, ominous, cheerful, or depressing. Give the word for the emotions a story creates within a reader.

MOOD

This dramatic trilogy consists of The Homecoming, The Hunted, and The Haunted. Set during the Civil War, it features Adam Brant and the Mannon family: Orin, Lavinia, Christine, and Brigadier General Ezra. What is this adaptation of Aeschylus's Oresteia [or-es-TY-uh] trilogy by Eugene O'Neill?

MOURNING BECOMES ELECTRA

This satiric hero, the King of the Dipsodes, accompanies his friend Panurge [pan-URJ] to the Oracle of the Divine Bottle. Like his father, he is a giant who supports an entire civilization living in his mouth. Name this Francois Rabelais [frahn-SWA rab-uh-LAY] character, the son of Gargantua [gar-GAN-choo-uh].

PANTAGRUEL

This literary work is famous for the quotation, "Better to reign in Hell, than to serve in Heaven." Its 12 books begin in medias res [rayz] as they tell of Lucifer's fall from grace and Adam and Eve's expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Give the title of John Milton's epic poem.

PARADISE LOST

This story follows Jimmy Valentine, who relinquishes a life of safecracking to settle with Annabel Adams. When one of Annabel's nieces locks the other in a bank safe, Jimmy uses his expertise to rescue the child. Name this O. Henry short story.

(A) RETRIEVED REFORMATION

This story ends with the protagonist buying a paper windmill for her grandson. Phoenix Jackson walks from her country home to Natchez, Mississippi, to retrieve her grandson's medicine at a free clinic. What is this Eudora Welty story?

(A) WORN PATH

This work considers three brothers -- Peter, Jack and Martin -- who represent Catholicism, Protestantism and Anglicanism. Published together with "The Battle of the Books," it defends both literature and religion against zealots. Give the title of this early Jonathan Swift satire.

(A) TALE OF A TUB

This author led the Modern faction in the literary Quarrel of the Ancients and Moderns. He adapted forgotten fairy tales like "Puss in Boots," "Sleeping Beauty," and "Bluebeard" to amuse his children. Identify the writer of Tales of Mother Goose.

(CHARLES) PERRAULT

Correct the following sentence, if necessary: Who should I talk to about applying for admission?

(CHANGE) WHO TO WHOM

This co-founder of the Women's Peace Party edited and published a monthly feminist magazine called Forerunner. Women and Economics and Human Work espoused her belief in female financial independence, but she is most remembered for a short story dealing with mental illness. Identify this writer of the semi-autobiographical story "The Yellow Wallpaper."

(CHARLOTTE PERKINS) GILMAN

This writer entitled his first novel Where Angels Fear to Tread, and profiles three English families of different social classes in Howards End. Lucy Honeychurch, George Emerson, Adela Quested, and Dr. Aziz populate his best-known works. Give the author of A Room with a View and A Passage to India.

(E(DWARD) M(ORGAN)) FORSTER

This poet wrote about the Second Punic War in the epic poem Africa. His work On Illustrious Men contains biographies of famous historical individuals. Best known for his unrequited love for Laura, identify this namesake of an Italian sonnet form.

(FRANCESCO) PETRARCH

This seventeenth-century poet adapted Roman mythology in The Loves of Psyche and Cupid. His best-known work adapts Aesop's beast tales. Name the author of Fables.

(JEAN DE) LA FONTAINE

While he aimed his first two novels, Galatea [gal-uh-TEE-uh] and The Haunted Storm, at adults, he gained a reputation as a children's author. He created the Sally Lockhart detective stories, as well as The Broken Bridge and How to Be Cool. Identify the author of His Dark Materials, the trilogy consisting of The Subtle Knife, The Amber Spyglass, and The Golden Compass.

(PHILIP) PULLMAN

This novel's narrator checks into the Edmont Hotel after being expelled from Pencey Prep. He thinks about ex-girlfriends Sally Hayes and Jane Gallagher, and decides not to run away after his younger sister, Phoebe, wants to accompany him. Give the title of this novel about Holden Caulfield, written by J. D. Salinger.

(THE) CATCHER IN THE RYE

This play's characters include the "perpetual student" Trofimov [troh-FEE-moff], who loves seventeen-year-old Anya, and recently wealthy landowner Lopakin [loh-PAH-kheen]. Madame Ranevsky [rah-NYEFF-skee] wavers on whether to sell her estate, which includes the title tract of land. Give the title of this Anton Chekhov [CHEK-awf] work.

(THE) CHERRY ORCHARD

This two-letter numerical prefix can precede monthly, sect, and cycle. Give the Latin prefix meaning two.

BI-

This literary genre encompasses To Kill a Mockingbird, The Catcher in the Rye, and David Copperfield. Its name, taken from another language, means "formation novel." That language is German. What kind of novel is concerned about a young character's education and development?

BILDUNGSROMAN

This novel, set mostly in the World State, includes a trip to a Savage Reservation in New Mexico. Bernard Marx and Lenina Crowne introduce Mustapha Mond to his son John, whose appreciation for literature, religion, and science makes him incompatible with modern life. Name this dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley.

BRAVE NEW WORLD

This character, the son of Ecgtheow [EDGE-thay-oh], succeeds Hygelac's [HEE-yuh-lakz] son as king of his people. He brings prosperity to the Geats, and repays a debt to Hrothgar [ROTH-gar] by ridding his mead hall of threats. Who slays Grendel in an Old English epic?

BEOWULF

This hero once lost a swimming contest to Brecca, a fact that Unferth boasts about. Despite Wiglaf's [WEE-lahfs] help, he dies after mortally wounding a dragon. Who is this title character of an Old English epic poem?

BEOWULF

This series of five plays is subtitled A Metabiological Pentateuch. It encompasses In the Beginning, The Gospel of the Brothers Barnabas, The Thing Happens" A.D. 2170, Tragedy of an Elderly Gentleman, and As Far as Thought Can Reach. What collection, which contains the name of the Bible's oldest man, was written by George Bernard Shaw?

BACK TO METHUSELAH

This compound word's roots mean "pressure" and "measurement," respectively. Which word refers to a device that measures atmospheric pressure?

BAROMETER

This novel includes characters with unique names like Stamp Paid, Baby Suggs, and Paul D. Sethe [SETH-uh] recalls delivering her daughter Denver while escaping slavery in Kentucky, and killing another daughter to prevent her from being enslaved. What is this Pulitzer-winning novel by Toni Morrison?

BELOVED

This character, the nephew of King Hygelac [HI-guh-lack] of the Geats [GEETZ], brags about his swimming contest with Breca [BRECK-uh]. After defending Hrothgar [ROTH-gar] and his mead hall, Heorot [HAY-oh-rote], he becomes King of the Geats, but falls to a dragon in battle. Name this slayer of Grendel, the hero of an Old English epic.

BEOWULF

This object is the center of Edna St. Vincent Millay's poem "First Fig." The speaker tells her foes and friends, "It gives a lovely light!" Name this object, which "will not last the night" because it "burns at both ends."

CANDLE

This two-word phrase gained popularity after being featured in a 1989 movie directed by Peter Weir, with an educational setting. It implores us to make the most of our time on Earth. What two-word Latin phrase means "seize the day"?

CARPE DIEM

This title character of a novella survives the Lisbon earthquake, escapes from South American cannibals, and plunders the riches of El Dorado. He travels the world with his love, Cunégonde [KYOO-nay-gohnd], and his constantly optimistic tutor, Pangloss. Who is this one-dimensional hero of a satirical Voltaire work?

CANDIDE

This word, which comes from the Italian for "scratch," originally meant an ancient drawing or writing that was scratched on a surface. Today, it constitutes a type of street art that many governments deem vandalism. Name this art form, in which letters or drawings are written or spray painted onto a public surface.

GRAFFITI

This literary character is a descendant of the biblical antagonist Cain. He attacks the mead-hall Heorot [HAY-uh-roht], eating any inhabitants he can, until the king of the Geats [GEETZ] defeats him. Name the monstrous first villain in Beowulf [BAY-uh-woolf].

GRENDEL

This poem, which begins, "I have met them at close of day / Coming with vivid faces," repeats the line, "A terrible beauty is born." The author wrote it to commemorate Ireland's unsuccessful uprising against British rule, which occurred on the title date. Name this William Butler Yeats poem.

EASTER, 1916

This Latin phrase gained popularity in the eighteenth century as the motto of The Gentlemen's Magazine in England. Today, it appears on the U. S. seal, as well as all American coins. Name this phrase, which means "Out of many, one."

E PLURIBUS UNUM

This novel's three sections are entitled "The Hearth and the Salamander," "The Sieve and the Sand," and "Burning Bright." Clarisse McClellan befriends a man whose job is to burn the possessions of people who read outlawed books. That man is fireman Guy Montag. Identify this novel by Ray Bradbury.

FAHRENHEIT 451

In this novel, Nikolai Petrovich [puh-TROH-vitch] attempts to understand his child Arkady's [ar-KAH- deez] new friend, Bazarov [bah-ZAH-rahf]. Bazarov adheres to the philosophy of nihilism, which holds every belief open to question. Give the title of this landmark novel by Ivan Turgenev [toor- GYE-nyif].

FATHERS AND SONS

This play, the sixth in the Pittsburgh Cycle, profiles ex-baseball player Troy. Troy is now a trash collector who struggles to provide for his wife, Rose, his brother, Gabriel, and his son, Cory. What winner of the 1987 Pulitzer Prize for Drama was written by August Wilson?

FENCES

This man rose to prominence with the novella Stars on a Cold Night, and saw his play Alarm Signal performed by the Beijing People's Art Theatre. Fugitives deals with the Tiananmen Square demonstrations, while Wild Man and The Other Shore were banned in his native country. Which author of Soul Mountain was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature?

GAO XINGJIAN, GAO, XINGJIAN

This six-letter adjective beginning with G might apply to someone who lacks typical social graces. Give this term, which in French means "left," as opposed to right.

GAUCHE

This medieval author was the bishop of St. Asaph [uh-SAF]. Through his major work, published sometime in the 1130s, he introduced the figure of King Arthur into English literature. Who wrote History of the Kings of Britain?

GEOFFREY (OF MONMOUTH)

This work's title character is caged and dropped into the sea, engages in a war about the proper way to crack an egg, and converses with rational horses. Minor settings include Glubbdubdrib, Blefuscu [BLEF-us-koo], and Luggnagg. Identify this satirical story of Yahoos and Lilliputians [lil-ih-PYOO-shunz], by Jonathan Swift.

GULLIVER'S TRAVELS

This novel's four parts are "The Longhair," "The Priest of the Sun," "The Night Chanter," and "The Dawn Runner." Abel, a World War Two veteran, returns to his New Mexico reservation, but has trouble with alcoholism and adjustment to civilian life. Name this Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Kiowa author N. Scott Momaday.

HOUSE MADE OF DAWN

This poem's speaker asks God to "Make me thy Loome then, knit therein this Twine: / And make thy Holy Spirit, Lord, winde quills." It begins its weaving metaphor with its first line: "Make me, O Lord, thy Spinning Wheele compleat." Give the title of this work by Puritan poet Edward Taylor.

HUSWIFERY

This poetic form originated as the opening sequence of a renga. It usually mentioned the season, time of day, or prominent landscape features, characteristics it retained after becoming an independent form. What kind of poem consists of seventeen syllables divided into three unrhymed lines?

HAIKU

This poetry form's lesser-known practitioners included Buson [boo-SOHN], Issa [ee-SAH], and Masaoka Shiki [mah-sah-OH-kuh shee-KEE]. Basho [bah-SHAW] helped it break free from the five-lined renga during the Tokugawa [TAW-koo-GAH-wah] period. Identify this three-lined, seventeen-syllable poem about nature.

HAIKU

This character from commedia dell'arte [kawm-MAY-dyah del-LAHR-tay] is the lover of Columbine [kahl-um-BEE-nee]. He is a witty servant known for his agility and clownish pranks, and carries a magic wand or wooden sword. Identify this character, who dresses in multicolored, diamond-patterned tights.

HARLEQUIN

This family's younger children are Ruthie, Winfield, and Al. Noah, Rose of Sharon, and Tom are the older three siblings. Give the name of this family, the protagonists of John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath.

JOAD

With Caleb, this man was the only spy Moses sent into Canaan who believed the Israelites could enter the Promised Land. He succeeded Moses as the Israelites' leader, and commanded them in a battle in which they conquered a city by circling its walls. Who gave his name to the sixth book of the Old Testament, and is associated with the Battle of Jericho?

JOSHUA

This play includes the lines, "There is a tide in the affairs of men / Which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune," and, "he doth bestride the narrow world / Like a Colossus." While Cassius has a "lean and hungry look," Antony and Brutus deliver funeral orations for the title figure. Give the name of this Shakespearean tragedy, which warns the reader to "beware the ides of March."

JULIUS CAESAR

This poem opens, "A sudden blow: the great wings beating still / Above the staggering girl..." It tells of Zeus, who transforms himself into the title bird to father Polydeuces [pol-i-DOO-seez] and Helen with the title woman. Identify this mythological poem by William Butler Yeats.

LEDA AND THE SWAN

This literary device takes its name from a word that means "to know" or "to name." Examples include using "sky-candle" for sun and "light-of-battle" for sword. Identify this Old Norse literary device, prevalent in Beowulf, which uses a compound word to replace a common noun.

KENNING

When someone calls business executives "suits" or a judge "the bench," she uses this literary device. Which figure of speech substitutes the name of an object for another, closely-related one?

METONYMY

This poem describes a toy dog and soldier who wait for their owner, a small boy, to come play with them. It shares its name with an English nursery rhyme whose title character is "under the haystack / Fast asleep." What is this Eugene Field poem?

LITTLE BOY BLUE

This autobiographical play, which the dramatist insisted be published posthumously, was the prequel to A Moon for the Misbegotten. James Tyrone, an alcoholic actor, weathers his wife Mary's morphine addiction, his son Edmund's tuberculosis, and his other son Jamie's unemployment. Give the title of this Pulitzer-winning Eugene O'Neill drama.

LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT

This poem's line, "The sedge has wither'd from the lake, / And no birds sing," inspired the title of Rachel Carson's scientific bestseller Silent Spring. The speaker "met a lady in the meads, / Full beautiful — a faery's child, / Her hair was long, her foot was light, / And her eyes were wild." Identify this John Keats poem.

LA BELLE DAME SANS MERCI

This novel's title character is married to Sir Clifford, whose paralysis from war wounds leaves him obsessed with his estate, Wragby. She has an affair with Michaelis, a playwright, but finds love with Oliver Mellors, the estate's gamekeeper. Give the title of D. H. Lawrence's final novel.

LADY CHATTERLEY'S LOVER

This character begs the "spirits / That tend on mortal thoughts" to unsex her, and warns her husband that his nature is "too full o' th' milk of human kindness." After exhorting him to "screw your courage to the sticking place," her guilt compels her to wash imaginary bloodstains from her hands. What Shakespearean character becomes queen of Scotland when her husband murders Duncan?

LADY MACBETH

This fictional island, whose capital is Lagado, is exactly circular and contains ten thousand acres of land. The citizens renounce right angles, and their language relies on mathematical and musical ideas. Identify this floating island from Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels.

LAPUTA

This work's 15 books detail the history of the world from creation to the reign of Augustus Caesar. Its best known stories include Perseus [PER-see-us] and Andromeda [ann-DRAW-muh- duh], Pyramus [PEER-uh-miss] and Thisbe [THIS-bee], and Baucis [BOCK-us] and Philemon [FILL-uh-mawn]. Identify this work, in which stones become people and a girl transforms into a laurel tree, by Ovid [AH-vid].

METAMORPHOSES

This character asks, "All my pretty ones? ... all my pretty chickens and their dam / At one fell swoop?" He leads an army that helps Malcolm reclaim the Scottish throne. What general seeks revenge against Macbeth?

MACDUFF

This compound word comes from the Dutch for "grind" and "stream." As a proper noun, it names an especially violent whirlpool off the northwestern Norwegian coast. What word beginning with "M" refers to any powerful whirlpool?

MAELSTROM

This novel's title heroine leaves her drunken parents in order to move in with Pete, her brother Jimmie's friend. When Pete abandons her, she reluctantly turns to prostitution, and ends up dead in the street. Identify this naturalistic novel written by Stephen Crane.

MAGGIE (A GIRL OF THE STREETS)

This Latin phrase translates as "with great praise." What term denotes the middle of three diploma honors granted for above-average grades?

MAGNA CUM LAUDE

This work's supposed author is a central figure in the story, acting as the father of two princes for the king at the time. One of those princes, Pandu, is the father of the great warrior Arjuna [ar-JOO-nah], who rides into battle with Krishna as his charioteer in one of this collection's stories. What is this ancient Hindu epic that features vignettes like Narayaniya [nah-ruh-YAHN- ee-yah] and the Bhagavadgita [bah-guh-vahd-GHEE-tuh]?

MAHABHARATA

This four-letter word names a city in Maricopa County, Arizona. It also describes a flat-topped landform found extensively in the western United States. Give this word, which is Spanish for "table."

MESA

This word comes from the Spanish for "stray or ownerless beast." What word refers to a stocky North American horse breed that derives from sixteenth-century Spanish stock?

MUSTANG

What is the appositive phrase in the following sentence: "Scruffy, my three-month-old German shepherd, chews holes in all my shoes"?

MY THREE-MONTH-OLD GERMAN SHEPHERD

This novel's protagonist accidentally smothers Mary, attempts to collect ransom from her parents, and bludgeons his girlfriend, Bessie, when he fears she will turn him in. Bigger Thomas views white society as a collective oppressive force that has kept him imprisoned on Chicago's impoverished South Side. Give the title of this Richard Wright masterpiece.

NATIVE SON

This man published Epistles of the Heroines, The Art of Beauty and Remedies for Love in rapid succession. He highlighted his life's main events in Sorrows, and wrote Letters From the Black Sea while in exile. Which Roman poet wrote Amores [ah-MOR-ays], The Art of Love and Metamorphoses?

OVID

This poet wrote Sorrows and Letters from the Black Sea while living in exile in present-day Romania. Before his banishment, he wrote Calendar to chronicle Rome's religious festivals, but displeased Emperor Augustus with The Art of Love. Whose masterpiece was the fifteen-book poem Metamorphoses?

OVID

This poem's speaker laments, "O heart! heart! heart! / O the bleeding drops of red..." He further describes, "My father does not feel my arm, he has no pulse nor will..." after "the ship has weather'd every rack." Give the title of this Abraham Lincoln elegy by Walt Whitman.

O CAPTAIN! MY CAPTAIN!

This case indicates the person or thing that is being acted upon. Pronouns in this case include "her," "them," and "us." Name this case, the counterpart of subjective and possessive.

OBJECTIVE (CASE), ACCUSATIVE (CASE)

This word refers to one of three sections of Jewish scripture. It may refer to the parchment scroll on which the text is written. Give the collective name for the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

TORAH, PENTATEUCH

French name, please. Under a slightly different name, this legendary man was the subject of epic poems by Matteo Boiardo [mah-TAY-oh boy-AR-doh] and Ludovico Ariosto [loo-doh-VEE-koh ah-ree- OH-stoh]. A French chanson de geste [shan-SOHN duh ZHEST] tells how this Frankish hero blew his horn for help while battling the Saracen army. Give the name of this supposed nephew of Charlemagne.

ROLAND

This musical features the songs "Light My Candle," "One Song Glory," and "Take Me or Leave Me." It profiles Angel, Roger, Mimi, and other artists living in Alphabet City during the AIDS epidemic. What musical based on La Bohème [baw-EM] was written by Jonathan Larson?

RENT

This medieval character is the uncle of Grimbert the badger and the contemporary of Noble the lion and Chanticleer the rooster. He frequently outsmarts his greedy, dull-witted opponent, Isengrim [ICE-en-grim] the wolf. Who is this fox hero of medieval beast fables?

REYNARD

This play begins with the soliloquy, "Now is the winter of our discontent, / Made glorious summer by this son of York." The title character orchestrates numerous murders to sit on the English throne, but dies at the Battle of Bosworth Field. Give the title of this Shakespearean play, famous for the line, "A horse! A horse! My kingdom for a horse!"

RICHARD THE THIRD

This poem's speaker tells the title bird, "Soon shalt thou find a summer home, and rest, / And scream among thy fellows." The speaker muses that God, "who, from zone to zone, / Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight, / In the long way that I must tread alone, / Will lead my steps aright." Identify this 1815 poem by William Cullen Bryant.

TO A WATERFOWL

This poem's opening line provided the title for Cormac McCarthy's novel No Country for Old Men. The aging speaker travels to the title city, an early incarnation of Constantinople. Give the title of this 1926 poem by William Butler Yeats.

SAILING TO BYZANTIUM

This character loves his wife, Teresa, and as the protagonist's foil provides quick humor and a sense of reality. He shows that lower-class individuals can have noble qualities, even when they are helping their friends tilt at windmills. Identify this companion and squire of Don Quixote.

SANCHO PANZA

This dramatist focuses on Heracles's marriage troubles in The Women of Trachis [TRAY-kis], and set Philoctetes [phih-LOCK-tuh-teez] during the Trojan War. Electra tells of siblings' revenge against their mother and her boyfriend, while Ajax picks up where the Iliad ends. Who wrote the tragic trilogy consisting of Antigone, Oedipus at Colonus, and Oedipus the King?

SOPHOCLES

This poetic division comes in several varieties, including one named for Tennyson's poem titled "In Memoriam." Other familiar types include the tercet, couplet, and quatrain. Give the term for an arrangement of poetic lines that can be rhymed or unrhymed.

STANZA, STROPHE, STAVE

This novel's protagonist finds presents hidden in a tree's knothole, witnesses a potential lynch mob, and sits in the "colored balcony" during a local trial. Tom Robinson is falsely accused of rape, Boo Radley shows kindness to the Finch children, and Atticus combats Maycomb, Alabama's racism. Name this novel, Scout's coming-of-age story, by Harper Lee.

TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD

This poem begins, "If ever two were one, then surely we. / If ever man were loved by wife, then thee ..." It appeared in the second, posthumously published edition of the verse collection The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America. Give the title of this poem, which Anne Bradstreet composed to her beloved spouse.

TO MY DEAR AND LOVING HUSBAND

This novel's supporting characters include artist Lily Briscoe and family friends Paul Rayley and Minta Doyle. The Ramsay family vacations on the Isle of Skye, where World War Two sends their summer home into disrepair for over a decade. Give the title of this Virginia Woolf novel.

TO THE LIGHTHOUSE

This story collection is narrated by an unnamed Commander, whom the author based on his experiences as a lieutenant commander stationed on Vanuatu [vah-noo-AH-too]. It introduced Emile de Becque [ay-MEEL duh BECK] and Nellie Forbush, who became protagonists in a Rodgers and Hammerstein musical. Give the title of this Pulitzer-winning collection by James Michener.

TALES OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC

This work, whose name means "instruction," may be the Palestinian or Babylonian version. With the Midrash [mih-DRAHSH], it provides rabbinical commentary on the Bible, as well as Jewish law and tradition. What collection of writings comprises the Mishnah and Gemara [guh-MAHR- uh]?

TALMUD

This type of unrhymed poetry is sometimes called waka [WAH-kuh]. Its thirty-one syllables are divided into five lines of five, seven, five, seven, and seven syllables, respectively. Give the name for this Japanese poetic genre.

TANKA

This novel spans a single day: June 16, 1904. Leopold Bloom suspects his wife Molly of having an affair with Blazes Boylan, and befriends another man as the men wander around Dublin. That man is Stephen Dedalus. Identify this novel, whose chapters are named for episodes in The Odyssey, written by James Joyce.

ULYSSES

This play's title character has spent his life working on his brother-in-law Serebryakov's [sayr- uh-bree-KOFFS] estate. He is dissatisfied with his life, largely because of his unrequited love for the young, idle professor's wife, Yelena [yeh-LAY-nuh]. Identify this play by Anton Chekov, whose protagonist, Ivan [ee-VAHN], goes by a nickname.

UNCLE VANYA

This radio play profiles the citizens of a small fishing village, Llareggub [lah-REG-gub]. Organ Morgan obsesses over music, Mrs. Ogmore-Pritchard talks to her two dead husbands, and Captain Cat relives his seafaring years. Identify this drama by Dylan Thomas.

UNDER MILK WOOD

In this work, a character named for the author happens upon Peter Giles and Raphael Hythloday. Raphael describes an island governed by reason and dedicated to communal property, equal rights for women, and short work days. Give the title, meaning "no place," of this work by Sir Thomas More.

UTOPIA

This literary term refers to a story's believability — the extent to which it seems realistic or plausible. Name this fourteen-letter word beginning with V, which means "appearance of truth."

VERISIMILITUDE

This greedy character employs a eunuch, Castrone [kas-TROH-nay]; a hermaphrodite, Androgyno [an-DROJ-uh-no]; and a dwarf, Nano. His servant Mosca helps him trick Voltore [vol-TOR-ay] the vulture, Corbaccio [kor-BAH-chee-oh] the raven, and Corvino the crow into thinking they are his heirs. Which Ben Jonson character has a name meaning "the fox"?

VOLPONE

This Greek historian wrote the Cyropaedia [sigh-roe-PEED-ee-uh], a fictional history of the Persian Emperor Cyrus the Great. His best known work, whose title translates as "March Upcountry," recounts Greek mercenaries' attempt to seize the throne of Artaxerxes [ahr-tuh- ZURK-seez] the Second. Identify the author of Anabasis [uh-NAB-uh-sis].

XENOPHON

This composition, the state song of Connecticut, includes a reference to a regional dessert and the name of Harvard's theatrical student society, hasty pudding. It satirizes a foppish colonist who tries to elevate his social standing by altering his hat. Identify this song about a man who "stuck a feather in his cap and called it macaroni."

YANKEE DOODLE (DANDY) (WENT TO TOWN)

This book combines eight basic trigrams, which Emperor Fuxi [FOO SEE] found on a tortoise's back, into a variety of hexagrams. It is attributed to Zhou [JOH] dynasty founder Wenwang, and discusses divinatory practices of the dynasty's wizards. Give the title of this Confucian "classic of changes."

YIJING, I CHING, ZHOU YI

This six-letter adjective comes from the German for "juice," but English borrowed it from Yiddish. Which word refers to a woman having a pleasantly plump figure?

ZAFTIG

This author's Cities of the Interior contains five volumes, including Ladders to Fire and The Four-Chambered Heart. Little Birds and Delta of Venus brought her fame when they were published posthumously. Which French writer is best known for her published diary, which spans sixty years of her life?

(ANAÏS [uh-NIGH-us]) NIN

This man wrote the poems "The Garden" and "Upon Appleton House" while working as a tutor. He served as John Milton's Latin secretary, and wrote "An Horation Ode upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland." Identify the Metaphysical poet most remembered for "To His Coy Mistress."

(ANDREW) MARVELL

This man's failed marriage to Marilyn Monroe inspired his play After the Fall, while All My Sons deals with faulty airplane parts in World War Two. The deceased adventurer Ben and neighbors Bernard and Charley are supporting characters in his masterpiece, which also includes Biff, Happy, and Linda. Name the dramatist who chronicles Willy Loman's suicidal spiral in Death of a Salesman.

(ARTHUR) MILLER

This poet, who considered himself a "seer," abandoned traditional rhyme and meter to match each poem's form to its content. He used symbolism in "The Drunken Boat," a hundred-line poem that Paul Verlaine [ver-LEN] published for him. Name this poet remembered for A Season in Hell.

(ARTHUR) RIMBAUD

This dramatist collaborated with two actors to write Sizwe Banzi [SEEZ-way BAHN-zee] Is Dead, whose title character contemplates taking a dead man's identity. He set Hello and Goodbye, The Blood Knot, and Boesman and Lena in his native Port Elizabeth. Name this playwright, who drew on his own apartheid-era experiences to write Master Harold ... and the Boys.

(ATHOL) FUGARD

This man's association with the Group Theatre produced the plays Till the Day I Die and Awake and Sing! He explores the conflict between art and survival in the character of Joe Bonaparte, who chooses a boxing career over his talent for playing the violin. Name the dramatist responsible for Golden Boy and Waiting for Lefty.

(CLIFFORD) ODETS

This novel's epigraph is the Gertrude Stein quote, "You are all a lost generation." World War One veteran Jake Barnes loves Lady Brett Ashley, and they aimlessly travel through Europe with their friends Robert, Bill and Mike. Identify this novel by Ernest Hemingway.

(THE) SUN ALSO RISES

This book's title character, an emperor's son, is nicknamed "the Shining Prince." With its depictions of affairs, royal succession, and court jealousies, it provides an accurate picture of eleventh-century Japan. Give the title of this work, often considered the world's first novel, by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [MOO-rah-SAH-kee SHEE-kee-boo].

(THE) TALE OF GENJI

This compilation of oral laws and their commentaries is intended to supplement scriptural canon. Orthodox and Conservative sects consider it sacred, but Reform Jews view it strictly as a historical document. Identify this companion of the Midrash [mee-DRAHSH], whose two parts are the Mishnah and the Gemara [guh-MAR-uh].

(THE) TALMUD

This collection's lesser-known stories include "The Fisherman and the Jinni" and "Abdullah the Fisherman and Abdullah the Merman." In its frame story, Scheherazade [shuh-her-uh-ZAHD] saves her life by telling her husband an incomplete story each night. Identify this work, which contains the stories of Ali Baba [ALL-ee BOB-uh], Sinbad the Sailor, and Aladdin.

(THE) THOUSAND AND ONE NIGHTS

This man kept a journal that details a religious group's emigration from Holland to North America. He continued the journal for the thirty-seven years that he served as governor of an American colony. Who wrote History of Plymouth Plantation?

(WILLIAM) BRADFORD

This man founded the city of Richmond, Virginia, around the time he built a large house on his Westover plantation. He named his writings, which include A Progress to the Mines and A Journey to the Land of Eden, the Westover Manuscripts. Which colonial writer satirized the surveying of the North Carolina-Virginia boundary in The History of the Dividing Line?

(WILLIAM) BYRD

This dramatist found instant fame with The Old Bachelour in 1690. He wrote, "Heaven has no rage, like love to hatred turned, / Nor hell a fury, like a woman scorned" in The Mourning Bride. Identify the playwright of The Double-Dealer and The Way of the World.

(WILLIAM) CONGREVE

This author created Joe Christmas, a black man who allegedly killed white Joanna Burden, in Light in August. Thomas Sutpen's family crumbles in Absalom, Absalom!, while the Bundrens journey to Addie's burial in As I Lay Dying. Who created the Compsons, citizens of Yoknapatawpha County, in The Sound and the Fury?

(WILLIAM) FAULKNER

This man expanded an early one-act play, Farther Off From Heaven, into the full-length drama The Dark at the Top of the Stairs. A woman he met at a meeting inspired the name and personality of the character of Lola in Come Back, Little Sheba. Identify the Midwestern playwright responsible for Picnic and Bus Stop.

(WILLIAM) INGE

This literary genre [ZHAHN-ruh] encompasses Dante's Divine Comedy, John Bunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, and the medieval morality play Everyman. In which type of symbolic narrative do characters and places represent greater, often abstract, concepts?

ALLEGORY

This historical novel's characters include Boston Corbett, who would kill John Wilkes Booth, and William Collins, the leader of the "Raiders." Henry Wirz commands the title prisoner-of-war camp, where 13,000 Union prisoners died from starvation and unsanitary conditions. What is this Pulitzer-winning MacKinlay Kantor novel?

ANDERSONVILLE

This poetry book is divided into three sections: "Notes from the Childhood and Girlhood," "The Anniad" [an-NEE-ad], and "The Womanhood." It won the 1949 Pulitzer, making its author the first African-American so honored. Identify this coming-of-age work by Gwendolyn Brooks.

ANNIE ALLEN

This word combines the Latin roots meaning "before" and "war." Identify this adjective for the U.S., particularly the South, in the years prior to the Civil War.

ANTEBELLUM

This author fought in the Battles of Marathon and Salamis, experiences that inspired his 472 B.C. play The Persians. He adapted the myths of Oedipus and Agamemnon in Seven Against Thebes and his Oresteia trilogy. Which dramatist became the "father of tragedy" when he added a second actor to ancient Greek plays?

AESCHYLUS

This playwright fought in the Battle of Marathon, an experience that inspired The Persians. He depicts brothers feuding over a throne in Seven Against Thebes, and shows a titan's punishment in Prometheus Bound. Name the oldest Greek tragedian and author of the Oresteia [ORE-uh-STEE-uh] trilogy.

AESCHYLUS

What is the following sentence's adverbial clause? I'll shovel the snow after the game is finished.

AFTER THE GAME IS FINISHED

This novel's title character, a rector's daughter, works as a governess to the spoiled Bloomfield and Murray children. Her only joy comes from her relationship with Weston, a curate whom she eventually marries. Identify this first novel of Anne Brontë.

AGNES GREY

This phrase translates as "in a cool place." What Italian phrase do restaurants use for dining outdoors, in the open air?

AL FRESCO

This character, the son of a deceased Chinese tailor, is locked in a cave by an African magician. With the help of a magic ring and lamp, he escapes and gains immense wealth. Identify this character from The Arabian Nights, who summons genies to grant him wishes.

ALADDIN

To use this literary device, an author places two phrases or sentences next to each other to form a contrast or a uniform whole. Alexander Pope used it in "An Essay on Criticism" when he said, "To err is human; to forgive, divine." Name this device, whose most famous example may be Dickens' opening to A Tale of Two Cities: "It was the best of times; it was the worst of times."

ANTITHESIS

This Latin phrase refers to distilled alcohol like brandy or whiskey. What is this phrase, which literally translates to "water of life"?

AQUA VITAE

This character is the only doctor in Wheatsylvania, North Dakota, before Max Gottlieb secures him a position at a New York research institute. He travels to a Caribbean island, where an outbreak of the plague kills his wife. Name the protagonist of Sinclair Lewis's 1926 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel.

ARROWSMITH

This type of verb determines another verb's mood, tense, or aspect. It combines with a participle to form perfect and progressive tenses. Identify this kind of verb, examples of which are "did," "had," and "can."

AUXILIARY, LINKING, MODAL, HELPING (VERB)

Two word anwer. Shakespeare uses this literary device when the audience knows that Iago is deceitful, but Othello does not. It also appears in Romeo and Juliet, when Romeo believes Juliet to be dead, but the audience knows she has taken a sleeping potion. Which device occurs when the author gives the audience a piece of information that a character doesn't know?

DRAMATIC IRONY

This theatrical form premiered in 1545, when a company called the Gelosi [juh-LOW-see] began using improvisation and masks in their work. Traveling companies gave rise to Punch and Judy shows in England and pantomime throughout Europe. Identify this Italian theatrical form, which used stock characters such as Capitano, Columbine [call-um-BEE-nee], and Harlequin.

COMMEDIA DELL ARTE

This medieval heroine vows to marry a man of superior qualities who can defeat her in tests of strength. When Siegfried fulfills these conditions, he wins her hand in marriage for Gunther, and her revenge leads to his death. Name this Valkyrie from the Eddas and the Nibelungenlied [NEE-buh-loong-uhn-leet].

BRUNHILDE

To prove her stoicism, his wife, Portia, commits suicide by swallowing hot coals. Mark Antony refers to him as "the noblest Roman of them all" in Julius Caesar's funeral oration. What Shakespearean character plots Caesar's downfall with Cassius?

BRUTUS

This poet, the first important author to write in Italian rather than Latin, penned the treatises "On the Vernacular Tongue" and On World Government. He married Gemma Donati [JEM-uh doe-NAH-tee] in 1292, but the Ghibellines [GIB-uh-leenz] exiled him from Florence in 1302. Who was this lover of Beatrice and author of The Divine Comedy?

DANTE (ALIGHIERI)

This writer combined prose and verse to explore medieval courtly love in La Vita Nuova [VEE- tuh NWOH-vuh]. He influenced future literature by writing his masterpiece in the Italian vernacular, rather than Latin. Identify the poet of Purgatorio, Paradiso, and Inferno, the Divine Comedy.

DANTE (ALIGHIERI)

This novel focuses on entrepreneurial Chichikov [chih-CHEE-kahv], who pays Russian landowners for their deceased serfs. His get-rich-quick scheme backfires, and he flees town in disgrace. What is this best-known novel of Nikolai Gogol [GOH-gul]?

DEAD SOULS

Various translations of this Greek prefix include "apart," "across," and "through." It can appear before "-lysis," "gram," and "meter." What is this three-letter prefix?

DIA-

This Italian word comes from the Latin verb meaning "to delight." It references a person who takes part in an activity, such as a sport or art form, in a superficial way. Identify this synonym of "dabbler" or "amateur."

DILETTANTE

This type of object always follows a transitive verb. In the sentence, "Jerry gave Elizabeth a rose," the word "rose" serves what grammatical function?

DIRECT (OBJECT)

This novel, which was not published in its author's native country until 1987, earned him a Nobel Prize that government authorities forced him to decline. The title physician loves Lara and poetry, but must serve as a military doctor for the Bolsheviks. Give the title of this Boris Pasternak novel.

DOCTOR ZHIVAGO

This three-letter suffix forms nouns that refer to rank, general condition, or groups of people. Identify this suffix, which can be added to "martyr," "king," and "free."

DOM

This historical figure's birth name was Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar [rod-REE-go DEE-ahz day vee- VAR]. An epic poem set during the Spanish Reconquista [ray-kohn-KEE-stuh] elevated his life to mythical proportions. Name this Castilian hero, whose nickname translates as "the lord."

EL CID (CAMPEADOR)

This theatrical genre alienated the audience's emotions in an attempt to appeal to their intellects. It involved exaggerated gestures, or gestus [GES-toos], as opposed to naturalistic acting. Name this kind of theater, most closely associated with the playwright Bertolt Brecht.

EPIC (THEATER)

This drama is told from the perspective of psychiatrist Martin Dysart, who is keenly interested in myths. His patient, 17-year-old Alan Strang, uses a hoof pick to blind six horses, whom he characterizes as deities. Give the title of this Peter Shaffer play.

EQUUS

This character, the original "superfluous man," moves to the country and befriends Vladimir Lensky, a young poet. He dismisses Tatyana's declarations of love, but tries to win her years later when she is married to an aged prince. Identify this protagonist of a verse novel by Alexander Pushkin.

EUGENE ONEGIN

This character, the original "superfluous man," moves to the country and befriends Vladimir Lensky, a young poet. He dismisses Tatyana's declarations of love, but tries to win her years later when she is married to an aged prince. Identify this protagonist of a verse novel by Alexander Pushkin.

EUGENE ONEGIN

When someone refers to a company firing its employees as "downsizing," he is using this literary device. Name the device that substitutes a more polite word or phrase for a harsher one.

EUPHEMISM

This country is the birthplace of six Nobel Laureates in Literature, including the winners in 1934, 1959, and 1997. The first came in 1906, when Giosuè Carducci [jaw-SWEH car-DOO-chee] was honored for his poetry. Which European country did Dario Fo and Luigi Pirandello call home?

ITALY

This novel, which was known for seventeen years as Work in Progress, begins in the middle of a sentence that is left unfinished on its final page. Humphrey Chimpden Earwicker, Anna Livia Plurabelle, and their children Kevin, Jerry, and Isabel represent the archetypal family. What is this final James Joyce novel?

FINNEGANS WAKE

This poem's speaker muses on "what I've tasted of desire," but also thinks he "know[s] enough of hate." He wonders about perishing twice, and contemplates two opposing forces that could wreak equal destruction on the world. Give the title of this Robert Frost poem.

FIRE AND ICE

This story's protagonist works at Donner's Bakery and studies at the Beekman College Center for Retarded Adults. Charlie Gordon falls in love with his teacher, Alice Kinnian, and temporarily enjoys an increased IQ after undergoing brain surgery. Name this science fiction short story by Daniel Keyes.

FLOWERS FOR ALGERNON

Minor characters in this novella include a Russian harlequin, a brickmaker working at the Central Station, and cannibals who make do with rancid hippo meat. The frame story is set aboard the Nellie, where Marlow narrates his harrowing experiences in the Belgian Congo. What is this work highlighting Kurtz's descent into madness, written by Joseph Conrad?

HEART OF DARKNESS

This man described ancient warfare techniques, geographical features, and cultures in the order in which Cyrus, Darius, and Xerxes [ZERK-zeez] conquered them. His most famous work, divided into nine books, explores the origins and outcomes of the war between Greek states and Persia. Identify this man, often labeled as the "father of history."

HERODOTUS

This poetic movement, which flourished from 1909 to 1917, used highly rhythmic, common speech to focus on a single scene. Its representative works include "In the Station of the Metro" and "This Is Just to Say." Which movement embraced the work of H. D., Amy Lowell, William Carlos Williams, and Ezra Pound?

IMAGISM, IMAGIST

This Latin phrase literally translates as "in glass." It describes any biological process that occurs in a laboratory rather than inside a natural setting or a living organism. Give this two-word phrase, which is often paired with "fertilization."

IN VITRO

This grammatical mood is used for ordinary questions and statements. It is found in the sentence, "Jane plays softball every Saturday." What mood is the counterpart of imperative and subjunctive?

INDICATIVE (MOOD)

What kind of verb phrase is present in the following sentence? Someday, I hope to major in electrical engineering.

INFINITIVE (PHRASE)

This type of verb does not form a passive or take an object or complement in a sentence. "Arrive," "sneeze," and "go" are all what kind of verb?

INTRANSITIVE (VERB)

This novel's protagonist, a Saxon knight, returns from fighting in the Crusades alongside Richard the Lion-hearted. His father, Cedric, disinherits him for loving Rowena, who is already betrothed to another man. Identify this Sir Walter Scott romance.

IVANHOE

This poem begins, "My heart aches, and a drowsy numbness pains / My sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk." One of its lines inspired F. Scott Fitzgerald to entitle his semi- autobiographical novel Tender is the Night. Give the title of this poem, which declares, "Thou wast not born for death, immortal bird!" by John Keats.

ODE TO A NIGHTINGALE

This work, which was based on French courtly romances, may have been written while the author was imprisoned in the mid-15th century. It was the first prose account written in English of the Round Table, Guinevere, and a mythical British king. Identify this Sir Thomas Malory work.

LE MORTE D'ARTHUR

This verse volume went through nine printings over 35 years, and incorporated Drum-Taps and Sequel to Drum-Taps in later editions. Its poems rarely rhyme or exhibit conventional line lengths, but they often celebrate physical health, as in "I Sing the Body Electric." Give the title of this poetry collection, which includes "Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking" and "Song of Myself," by Walt Whitman.

LEAVES OF GRASS

This work begins by scientifically and supernaturally describing the earth's creation, and ends with Julius Caesar's assassination. Deucalion [doo-KEY-lee-uhn] and Pyrrha [PEER-uh] survive the flood and repopulate the world, and Daphne turns into a laurel tree to escape Apollo's advances. Identify this book of transformations, written by Ovid.

METAMORPHOSES

This story's title character is a middle-aged English teacher who resides near a French town's public gardens. During one of her Sunday afternoon outings, a young couple mocks her beloved fur. Give the title of this story from The Garden Party and Other Stories by Katherine Mansfield.

MISS BRILL

This Greek escapes the call of the Sirens, the Land of the Lotus Eaters, and the monsters Scylla [SIL-uh] and Charybdis [kuh-RIB-dis] on his journey home to Ithaca. Circe [SIR-see] turns his men into swine, and Polyphemus [pol-uh-FEE-mus] tries to eat him, but he eventually returns to his wife, Penelope. Which Greek hero takes ten years to return home from the Trojan War in Homer's sequel to the Iliad?

ODYSSEUS

This novel, whose title comes from Spinoza's Ethics, follows a protagonist who enters medical school after living with a club foot. Philip Carey falls in love with faithless waitress Mildred, but eventually settles down with Sally. What is this semi-autobiographical novel by W. Somerset Maugham [MAWM]?

OF HUMAN BONDAGE

This literary device creates a sound effect to mimic what it describes. What device do authors use to imitate natural sounds, including "cuckoo" and "boom"?

ONOMATOPOEIA

This play, a rewriting of Battle of Angels, sees Val get a job at a small-town dry goods store. He begins an affair with the store's owner, Lady, whose husband is dying. Identify this play by Tennessee Williams.

ORPHEUS DESCENDING

This novel's narrator befriends Berkeley Cole, Denys Finch-Hatton, and Farah, her servant. Like its author, the narrator runs a Kenyan coffee plantation for seventeen years. What is this masterwork of Karen Blixen, better known as Isak Dinesen [EE-sahk DIN-uh-suhn]?

OUT OF AFRICA

This essay asserts, "To be great is to be misunderstood," and, "Envy is ignorance, Imitation is suicide." Its best-known quotation is, "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds." Give the name of this Ralph Waldo Emerson essay.

SELF-RELIANCE

When one or more of the units in a series contains commas, use this punctuation mark to separate the units. Name this punctuation mark, which also should be used to connect two independent clauses not joined by a conjunction.

SEMICOLON

This Latin root might follow "con-," "pre-," "de-," "re-," or "ob-." It means "to keep" or "to save." Give this root which, as a standalone word, might mean "to render assistance."

SERVE

This work earned its author the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Biography. It covers its subject's decisions to desegregate the armed forces, recognize Israel, and drop the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. What profile of the thirty-third president was written by David McCullough?

TRUMAN

This philosopher memorialized his mentor in Euthyphro [YOO-thih-froh], Crito, and Phaedo [FAY-do]. His Theory of Forms characterized the world as a copy of the real world, and he longed for a city ruled by philosopher-kings. Identify this founder of the Academy, student of Socrates, mentor of Aristotle, and author of The Republic.

PLATO

This sheltered medieval character fails to relieve the Grail King's suffering by asking the correct question. When a hermit helps him learn God's true nature, he becomes a Knight of the Round Table, as well as the Grail Keeper. Name this hero of a Wolfram von Eschenbach [VAWL-frahm fuhn ESH-uhn-bahk] poem.

PARZIVAL, PARSIFAL, PERCIVAL

This five-letter word comes from the Spanish for "courtyard." What word refers to a paved area adjoining a house that people use for outdoor dining and lounging?

PATIO

This ten-letter Greek term means "five vessels." It collectively names Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Give this term, beginning with P, for the first five books of the Bible.

PENTATEUCH

This literary device is also called anthropomorphism [an-thruh-puh-MAWR-fiz-uhm]. An example is, "The tree danced in the howling wind." Identify this device, which gives human characteristics to anything non-human.

PERSONIFICATION

This novel's title character spends twenty-eight years on an island near the mouth of the Orinoco River. Based on the life of Alexander Selkirk, it profiles a shipwrecked English mariner who takes a native manservant, naming him Friday. Identify this novel written by Daniel Defoe.

ROBINSON CRUSOE

This poet's works often reference elements of Aphrodite's rituals, including garlands, flowers, outdoor scenes, and altars topped with incense. A prolific composer of epithalamia [ep-uh-thuh- LAY-mee-uh], or wedding songs, she educated a group of females in singing, dancing, and poetry. Name this Aeolian [ee-OH-lee-un] poet from the island of Lesbos.

SAPPHO

This sixth-century poet presided over a group dedicated to Aphrodite that educated young girls for marriage. She collected her odes to Aphrodite in nine poetic volumes. Identify the poet known as the "10th muse" of Lesbos [LEZ-bows].

SAPPHO

This emotion has a foreign name that literally translates as "harm joy." You feel it when you derive pleasure from someone else's misfortune. Give this German word, also the title of an Avenue Q song.

SCHADENFREUDE

This medieval hero slays Fafnir [FAHV-nir] the dragon and marries Kriemhild [KREEM-hilt]. He wins Brunhild [BROON-hilt] for Gunther, but Hagen [HAH-gun] later kills him at Brunhild's request. Who was the hero of both the Volsunga Saga [VOL-soong-guh SAH-guh] and the Nibelungenlied [NEE-buh-loong-uhn-leet]?

SIEGFRIED, SIGURD

This word derives from a Latin word meaning "the sixth hour," as in midday. What term do Spanish speakers give the afternoon nap they often take?

SIESTA

This man survives numerous shipwrecks, including those caused by apes overrunning his ship and a roc dropping stones on his boat. He escapes from the cavern of the dead, encounters the Old Man of the Sea, and receives gifts from the King of Serendib. Identify this Iraqi merchant, who embarks on seven voyages in Sir Richard Burton's translation of the Thousand and One Nights.

SINBAD (THE SAILOR)

This oration opens with this quote from a well-known work: "Their foot shall slide in due time." It warns that "the wrath of God is like great waters," and compares listeners to spiders dangling over a fire. What is this fear-inspiring sermon by Jonathan Edwards?

SINNERS IN THE HANDS OF AN ANGRY GOD

The name for this group of sacred writings is understood as equivalence or connection, although it literally translates as sitting near a teacher. The beginnings of Indian philosophy, they probed the nature of reality and developed the idea of brahman. Give the name for these concluding portions of the Vedas.

UPANISHADS

What is the following sentence's predicate nominative? Marie Curie was the winner of two Nobel Prizes.

WINNER