Lab 05 The Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Name the bones of the upper appendages (arm, forearm and hand)

Arm: Humerus Forearm: Radius and ulna Hand: 8 carpal (wrist), 5 metacarpals from the palm of the hand and 14 phalanges (fingers) (each finger has 3 phalanges except the thumb has 2)

Name the eight bones of the cranium

Frontal, left and right temporal, left and right parietal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid

Why is it important to relate the structures of the axial and appendicular skeleton to one another?

It is important to relate the structures of the axial and appendicular skeleton to one another because the skeleton is divided into these two sections. The limbs and girdles of the appendicular skeleton attach to those of the axial skeleton. The two work together to form a complete unit. It is very important to relate where each structure is in relation to the others to know how certain limbs function as well as how the entire unit or body functions as a whole.

What is the function of the bony thorax?

It protects the organs of the thoracic cavity (heart, lungs, trachea)

Which of the four categories of bones do MOST of the bones of the appendicular skeleton fit into?

Most of the bones in the appendicular skeleton are long bones

Why are ribs 11 and 12 referred to as "floating" ribs?

Ribs 11 and 12 are referred to as floating because they do not attach to the sternum

Propose a reason why the ribs are attached anteriorly by cartilage

The cartilage allows the rib cage to be flexible while still allowing the ribs to be connected to the sternum. This allows deep inhalation while not breaking the ribs when you breathe.

What is the pelvic girdle? What is its function?

The pelvic girdle consists of thebones of the pelvis, the sacrum and the coccyx. The bones of the pelvis include two coxal bones, one on each side of the body. Each coxal bone is made up of three bones: the ilium, ischium and pubis. The pelvic girdle serves as the attachment point for the lower limbs to the axial skeleton and bears the combined weight of the upper body.

What category of bones are the sternum and ribs?

The sternum and ribs are flat bones

Name the bones of the lower appendages (thigh, leg and foot).

Thigh: febur and patella Leg: Tibia and FIbula Foot: 7 Tarsal bones form the ankle.5 metatarsals form the instep and 14 phalanges form the toes

What function do the cranial bones serve

To enclose and protect the brain

List the bones that form the eye orbit

frontal, zygomatic, maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, and sphenoid

examine the skull on the skeleton model and describe some ways in which the mandible is different from the other bones of the skull

the mandible can move and it is not directly attached to the rest of the skull like the other bones are

What is the pectoral girdle? What is its function?

the pectoral girdle (shoulder) consists of the clavicle and the scapula. It is the attachment point of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton and it serves as the attachment point for many of the neck and trunk muscles.

other than the skull, what are the other two components of the axial skeleton

the vertebrae and bony thorax (ribs)