LAB 1: Introduction/Chemistry

Amount in total volume

% =

10 millimeters (mm)

1 cm = ________ mm

1000

1 g = _________ mg

1000g

1 kg = _________ g

1000 meters (m)

1 kilometer = ___________ m

1000

1 mL = ________ µL

100 centimeters (cm)

1 meter (m) = __________ cm

1000

1 mg = ________ µg

1000 microns or micrometers (µm), (Greek letter µ)

1 mm = _________ µm

6.02 x 10^23 molecules (Avogadro's number)

1 mol =

1000

1 µL = _________ nL

1000

1 µg = _________ ng

1000 nanometers (nm)

1 µm = _________ nm

10

1L = _____ dL

10 dL 100 mL 1000 µL 1000 nL

1L = ________ dL 1dL = _________ mL 1 mL = ________ µL 1 µL = _________ nL

Weight in grams dissolved a 1L total volume

1M solution has the molecular weight in ________ dissolved a _______ total volume.

100

1dL = _________ mL

2g/100ml

2% = ____g/______ml total volume.

2 grams of solute/ 100ml total volume

2% means....

25°C = 77°F 98.6 °F = -1.11 °C 30 °F = 37 °C 45°C = 113 °F

25°C = ________°F 98.6 °F = ________ °C 30 °F = ________ °C 45°C = ________°F

6.02 x 10 ^23

58.5g NaCl has ______________________ molecules

Has 1 mole dissolved in 1L final volume

A 1Molar solution (1M) has ____ mole dissolved in ______L final volume

Gram

A _______ is equivalent to about a small spoon of sugar and can be measured with a digital or kitchen scale.

Tenth

A deciliter (dL) is a _______ of a liter.

2.1 pints

A liter is ______ pints

10 drops Regular pipette

A milliliter (ml or mL) is about _______ drops and best measured with a _____________.

0.9g NaCl dissolved in 100ml water

An isotonic saline solution used for an IV contains approx 0.9% NaCl. This is ______ NaCl dissolved in a total volume of _______ water

0° in Celsius, but 32° in Fahrenheit

As water freezes it measures ______° in Celsius, but _______° in Fahrenheit

mg/dL

Blood chemistry values are usually given as?

100° in Celsius, but 212° in Fahrenheit

Boiling water (at normal pressure) measures _______° in Celsius, but _______° in Fahrenheit.

159.08g

Calculate number of g in 1mole of Potassium Permanganate: KMnO4 K = 40.08, Mn = 55, O = 16 _________________ = 1Mole of KMnO4

multiply by 1.8, then add 32

Celcius to Farenheit

1000 meters (m) 100 centimeters (cm) 10 millimeters (mm) 1000 microns or micrometers (µm), (Greek letter µ) 1000 nanometers (nm)

Complete the length table: 1 kilometer = ___________ meters (m) 1 meter (m) = __________ centimeters (cm) 1 cm = __________ millimeters (mm) 1 mm = ___________ microns or micrometers (µm), (Greek letter µ) 1 µm = ____________ nanometers (nm)

1000 g 1000 mg 1000 µg 1000 ng

Complete the table for weight: 1 kg = 1000g 1 g = _________ mg 1 mg = ________ µg 1 µg = _________ ng

Multiply all by 1000 0.5mm = 500 µm = 500000nm = 5 x 10 ^5 0.15 mm = 150 µm = 150000 nm = 1.5 x 10 ^5 1.25 mm = 1,250 µm = 1250000 nm = 1.25 x 10 ^6 25 mm = 25,000 µm = 25000000 nm = 2.5 x 10 ^7

Convert the mm to µm & nm: 0.5 mm = 0.15 mm = 1.25 mm = 25 mm =

250 g = 250000 mg = 2.5 x 10 ^8 µg 32 mg = 0.032 g = 3.5 x 10 ^5 kg 2.5 kg = 2500 g = 2.5 x 10 ^6 mg

Convert these masses: 250 g = __________________ mg = _________________ µg 32 mg = _________________ g = ___________________ kg 2.5 kg = _________________ g = ___________________ mg

A description of the number of molecules in solution.

Definition of Molarity?

0.3M x 1.8L = M2 x 3L M2 = 0.18M

Dilute 1800mL of 0.3M glucose to a final volume of 3L. What is the resulting Molarity?

subtract 32, then divide by 1.8

Farenheit to Celcius

80-100 mg/dL.

Glucose in blood is what mg/dL

Find the molecular wt (MW) in grams -add atomic wts of atoms to get MW

How do you calculate a mole?

add the atomic weights of all atoms

How do you get MW?

There is only one mole per liter So you would add 58.5 g NaCl to 1 L of solution

How do you make 1L of a 1M NaCl solution?

180g

How many grams in 1Mole of Glucose? C6H12O6 C = 12, H = 1, O = 16 grams = _________________

100

How many milliliters (mL) are in a deciliter (dL)? ____________.

2000 x 1000, we add 3 zeroes = 2,000,000nm or 2 million nm.

How many nanometers is 2000 µm?

0.01 or 10 x 10 ^-3 Therefore 10µm = 10/1000 = 0.01mm (just move the decimal to the left 3 places) Or 10 um = 10 x 10 ^-3 mm or 1 x 10 ^-2

I measured a cell as being 10µm across. How many mm is this?

2 x 1000 = 2000 µm -large-small; multiplied 2000 x 1000 -add 3 zeroes -2,000,000 nm (2 million nm)

I measured an embryo as being 2.0 mm long. How many microns is this? How many nanometers?

2 x 1000 = 2000 µm. I went from a larger unit to a smaller one, so I multiplied.

I measured an embryo as being 2.0 mm long. How many microns is this?

1 mole of each ion! NaCl --> Na+ (6.02 x 1023) ions + Cl- (6.02 x 1023) ions

If a compound ionizes into 2 separate ions, then we get ______ mole of each ion.

meters (m)

Length is measured in ______________

kilometer (km) meter (m) centimeter (cm) millimeter (mm) micrometer (µm) nanometers (nm)

Measurements of length largest to smallest

kilogram (kg) gram (g) milligram (mg) microgram (µg) nanogram (ng)

Measurements of mass largest to smallest

Liter (l or L) deciliter (dL) mililiter (mL) microliter (µL) nanoliter (nL)

Measurements of volume largest to smallest

Micropipettors

Micro liters (µL) are best measured with ____________.

Moles per liter of solution (mol/L) Moles of solute -------------------- Liters of solution

Molarity =

mg/Kg body mass.

Most drug doses are in:

positive

Moving decimal place to the left in scientific notation gives you a ____________ exponent

negative

Moving decimal place to the right in scientific notation gives you a _____________ exponent

58.5 g

Na = 23, Cl = 35.5 MW NaCl =_____________ = 1Mole of NaCl

"mass" and "weight"

On earth the words "_______" and "__________" are used interchangeable.

Divide all by 1000: 5 nm = 0.005 µm = 5 x 10 ^-6 mm 250 nm = 0.25 µm = 2.5 x 10 ^-4 mm 0.01nm = 0.00001 µm = 1 x 10 ^-8 mm 75 nm = 0.075 µm = 7.5 x 10 ^-5 mm

Put into scientific notation: 5 nm = ___________________ µm = _________________ mm 250 nm = _________________ µm = _________________ mm 0.01nm = _________________ µm = _________________mm 75 nm = ___________________ µm = _________________ mm

1.54 L = 1540 mL Use x 1000 0.1 mL = 100 µL Use x 1000 0.006 L = 6 mL Use x 1000 250 mL = 0.25 L Use division 100

Solve these conversion problems with volumes: 1.54 L = ______________ mL 0.1 mL = _______________ µL 0.006 L = _______________mL 250 mL = _______________ L

mg per deciliter of solution (mg/dL) - The number of mg in 100ml.

Some descriptions of concentration are in ____ per ________ of solution (____/____)

Concentration

Sometimes we need to dilute a solution to measure its _______________.

whole cells organelles individual molecules

The EM will also show us __________ and __________ but it can also show ______________

Multiply by adding exponents and divide by subtracting exponents.

The added advantage of using notation is that you can _________ by adding exponents and _________ by subtracting exponents.

0.9

The concentration of solutes in the body averages about ___________ %

Start with 2.0 and move the decimal to the left: 0.000002 = 2 x 10 ^-6

To express 0.000002 in exponential notation what do you do?

microns

Under a light microscope we measure cells in ________.

liter (l or L)

Volume is measured in _____________

Grams not moles!

We can only weigh out _______ not __________!

gram (g)

Weight is measured in ______________

1. Light (compound) microscope 2. Electron microscope (EM).

What are the 2 kinds of microscopes?

Length = meter (m) Mass = gram (g) Volume = liter (l)

What are the standard units in the metric system?

Measured in nanometers -or even pico meters, 1000x smaller!

What does an Electron microscope (EM) measure in?

You had to move it 6 places -(multiplied by 10, 6 times) Therefore 2 million = 2 x 10 ^6 -6 is the exponent.

What is 2 million in scientific notation?

Proportion of solute to solvent

What is a Concentration?

M1V1 = M2V2 -original molarity x original volume = final molarity x final volume

What is the dilution equation:

1 = 10^0

What is the multiplication factor for Base Unit?

Symbol: K Multiplication factor: 1,000 = 10^3 Term: One thousand

What is the symbol, multiplication factor & term for Kilo?

Symbol: M Multiplication factor: 1,000,000 = 10^6 Term: 1 million

What is the symbol, multiplication factor & term for Mega?

Symbol: c Multiplication factor: 0.01 = 10^-2 Term: One-hundredth

What is the symbol, multiplication factor & term for centi?

Symbol: da Multiplication factor: 10 = 10^1 Term: Ten

What is the symbol, multiplication factor & term for deca?

Symbol: d Multiplication factor: .1 =10^-1 Term: One-tenth

What is the symbol, multiplication factor & term for deci?

Symbol: h Multiplication factor: 100 = 10^2 Term: One hundred

What is the symbol, multiplication factor & term for hecto?

Symbol: µ Multiplication factor: 0.000001 = 10^-6 Term: One-millionth

What is the symbol, multiplication factor & term for micro?

Symbol: m Multiplication factor: 0.001 = 10^-3 Term: One-thousandth

What is the symbol, multiplication factor & term for milli?

Symbol: n Multiplication factor: 0.000000001 = 10^-9 Term: One-billionth

What is the symbol, multiplication factor & term for nano?

°F, the Fahrenheit Scale (used in the US) °C, the Celsius Scale (part of the Metric System, used in most other countries)

What temperature scale is used in the US and what is used in all other countries?

Decrease

When we dilute, we are going to _________ the Molarity in proportion to the dilution.

multiply

When you convert from a large unit to a small unit you must _______________

divide

When you convert from a small unit to a large unit you must ______________

Multiplying or dividing by powers of 10

You can convert different size units by?

Solute

___________: something dissolved in something else e.g NaCl in water is a saline solution

Solvent

____________: does the dissolving: in physiology this is always water

concentration

_________________ : the proportion of solute to solvent

Molecules Avogadro's number = 6.02 x 10 ^23

mole of any element has same number of __________