Lab Quiz 14

Muscularis of the stomach has three layers:

1. inner oblique 2. middle circular 3. outer longitudinal

small intestine muscularis

2 layers of smooth muscle; outer longitudinal layer and inner circular layer

appendix

A small, fingerlike extension of the vertebrate cecum; contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity.

large intestine

Absorbs water and forms feces

molars

Back teeth that grind food

True

Bile leaves the liver through the cystic duct.

a condition called cholelithiasis

Concentrated crystals of minerals and salts in the gallbladder produce ____________.

diffusion

Fat-soluble vitamins move across the intestinal mucosa by ____________.

chief

Gastric enzymes are secreted by the ________ cells.

1.5

Gastrin secretion will stop when the stomach pH reaches ____________.

salivary glands

Glands of the mouth that produce saliva, a digestive secretion

A lack of bile causes undigested fats to appear in the feces, because they are not significantly digested by pancreatic lipase without the help of an emulsifying agent. The condition also causes nonpigmented feces as a result of the lack of stercobilin (a breakdown product of hemoglobin secreted in bile), which gives feces a brown color.

One of the common consequences of gallstones is blockage of the common bile duct, which prevents bile from being emptied into the duodenum. Predict the possible consequences of this condition. (Hint: Think about the functions of bile and what would happen if bile were absent).

secretion of histamine

Parasympathetic impulses to the stomach cause all of the following EXCEPT the ______________.

pancreas

Regulates the level of sugar in the blood

cystic

The _______ duct directly receives the fluids from the gallbladder.

bicarbonate

The alkaline tide occurs when __________ is secreted into the blood.

pancreatic

The ampulla of Vater is the area that joins the common bile duct to the __________ duct.

All of the above

The large intestine absorbs which of the following vitamins from colonic bacteria?

False

The longest segment of the small intestine is the duodenum.

myenteric plexus

The movements of the muscularis externa are coordinated by the ___________.

serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa

The outermost to the innermost layers of the digestive tract are _____________.

False

The peritoneal cavity is located between the visceral peritoneum and the mesentery.

True

The stomach has three layers of smooth muscle that contract to churn food into chyme.

premolars

The teeth immediately behind the canines; used in chewing, grinding, and shearing food. The bicuspid teeth

Cardiac Spincter Valve

Valve that food connects the stomach and esophagus. Food enters the stomach near the esophagus through this.

peritoneal fluid

Watery fluid that fills the spaces between the organs and allows them to slide past each other during the movements of digestion

peristalsis

Waves of smooth muscle contraction that propel materials along the digestive tract are known as _______________.

Emulsifies/emulsify fats

Which is the most accurate description of bile salts?

Mechanical digestion

Which of the following digestive functions is performed by the organs in the alimentary canal, but not by accessory organs?

All of the above

Which of the following is a function of the digestive tract?

Both A and B are correct

Which of the following statements accurately defines accessory organ?

Fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder that contains bile salts, amphipathic molecules that emulsify fats in the small intestine and aid in their digestion

Which of the following statements accurately defines bile?

The first step in the process of lipid digestion, it breaks up the fat globules into smaller pieces with the help of bile salts

Which of the following statements accurately defines emulsification?

All of the above

Which of the following statements accurately defines liver?

Both A and C are correct

Which of the following statements accurately defines pancreas?

Located between a double-layered serous membrane that secretes serous fluid, allowing organs to slide over each other without friction; much of the alimentary canal and many accessory organs reside here

Which of the following statements accurately defines peritoneal cavity?

mucosa stomach

__________ is made up of simple columnar epithelium.

small intestine mucosa

__________ is made up of simple columnar epithelium.

mucosa

__________ is made up of stratified squamous epithelium.

submucosa

___________ is made up of connective tissue.

mucosa esophagus

____________ is made up of stratified squamous epithelium.

greater omentum

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera

common bile duct

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum (center)

cystic duct

carries bile to and from the gallbladder

pancreatic duct

conducts pancreatic juice from the pancreas to the small intestine

canines

fanglike teeth that tear or pierce

duodenum

first part of small intestines, most digestion takes place, chemicals released from liver, gall bladder, and pancreas

cecum

first part of the large intestine where appendix is attached

sigmoid colon

fourth and last, S-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

incisors

front teeth

common hepatic duct

large bile duct leading from liver; joins with the cystic duct to form the common bile duct

stomach

large muscular sac that continues the mechanical and chemical digestion of food

parietal peritoneum

lines the abdominal cavity

lobules

located within each lobe and contain clusters of alveolar glands

tongue

manipulates food for chewing and swallowing; a taste organ (F)

jejunum

middle portion of small intestine where chemical digestion ends and absorption begins

pylorus

portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

liver

produces bile and stores glycogen

anal canal

region, containing two sphincters, through which feces are expelled from the body

fundus

rounded upper portion of the uterus

external anal sphincter

skeletal muscle, voluntary

large intestine muscularis

smooth muscle (2 layers)

internal anal sphincter

smooth muscle, involuntary

Gallbladder

stores bile produced by the liver (green)

rectum

the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus. (stores feces)

rugae

the folds in the mucosa lining the stomach

visceral peritoneum

the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

ileum

the last and longest portion of the small intestine

transverse colon

the middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach.

parotid

the parotid gland is the largest salivary gland beside the ear

peritoneal space

the small space between the parietal and visceral layers

teniae coli

three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle in muscularis

pharynx

throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx

descending colon

travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon

ascending colon

travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver

sublingual

under the tongue

submandibular

underneath the mandible

ileocecal valve

valve that prevents food from moving back into the small intestine once it has entered the large intestine