Language science final exam
Match the word(s) in quotation marks in the sentences below with their appropriate descriptors.
"He" is the man.: Nominative Pronoun I saw "him": Direct object pronoun I mailed "the package" to him:Direct object noun I mailed the package "to him": Indirect Object pronoun
Match the following words with definitions of their roots.
recur: meaning "run" construct: meaning "build" flexible: meaning "bend" script: meaning "write" transmit: meaning "send"
Match the following grammatical morphemes with the appropriate Brown's Stages of acquisition.
regular plural -s: stage II Preposition 'on': Stage III Irregular past tense -ed: Last stage V Contractible Auxiliary: Stage V+
If you were working with a child on linking verbs, which of the sentences below could be used in therapy? (Choose as many as apply)
I am a girl. You smell good. I am happy.
Match the following sentences with the correct description.
I read the book: Transitive He walked: Intransitive I sent a letter to my mom: ditransitive I am tired: Linking verb
Some auxiliaries and copulas can be contracted. For the phrases listed below, check as many as apply for those which can be contracted. Only give me contractions that would be considered grammatically correct.
I will He is We are
Match the following words with their parts of speech
I: pronoun a: article see: verb good: adjective at: preposition
Match the following pronouns with their correct descriptors
I: subject pronoun Me: Object Pronoun Mine: Possessive determiner My: Possessive pronoun to me: object of preposition
Match the following Pronouns with their descriptors.
I:First person and singular We:First person and plural He:Third person and singular They:Third person and plural You:Second person and singular
Match the following questions to their descriptors.
Is she running today?: Yes-No question When is she running: Wh queston She is running, isn't she?: Tag question Isn't she running today?: Negative Yes-No question When isn't she running?: Negative Wh question
Match the following NP phrases with their appropriate descriptors.
A drama queen: art ModNP N a very tasty veggie burger: art degree adj ModNP N a stunning afternoon matinee: art adj ModNP N Mary's beautiful kitchen: N-poss adj N
You have a friend who is having a hard time understanding what 3rd person singular means. Check all the following which are true for calling something "3rd person singular".
It must be singular. It must be present tense. The subject of the verb must be he, she, it or some noun that refers to he, she it.
For the following sets of words, describe the grammatical category of the group of words before the suffix was added and then after the suffix was added.
teacher: add suffix to verbs to get agentive (one who) nouns fortunate: add suffix to nouns to get adjs slowly: add suffix to adjs to get adverbs failure: add suffix to verbs to get nouns that are not people (agents) computerize: add suffix to nouns to get verbs
Match the sentence to the T rule.
John gave Mary the letter--TIO Mary was given the letter by John--Tpassive Mary gave the letter up--Tparticle On the table Mary placed the letter--Tadv
Match the following Adverbial Phrases with their appropriate descriptors.
John will arrive at 6:00.:adverb of time John is in Logan.:adverb of place John swam quickly.:adverb of manner First, I disagree with you.:adverb of number I will go because I said so.:adverb of reason
All of the words below have an inflectional suffix. Match the suffix with the appropriate descriptor.
Lower: Comparative Beth's: possessive written: past participle runs: present tense (3rd person) walked: past tense
A sentence may have more than one adverbial phrase.
True
An article is one type of determiner
True
Aux Front is used to form questions out of statements.
True
In the following sentences, T IO has applied in transforming sentence 1 to sentence 2. 1. I sent the package to him. 2. I sent him the package.
True
In the sentence listed below, the "to be" verb is a copula.He could be home.
True
In the sentence listed below, the "to be" verb is a copula.We are home.
True
It is unusual for a proper noun to have a determiner or adj in front of it. While it does happen (The Hague, The Donald), this is not the norm.
True
Like dress, different forms of English are appropriate for different circumstances.
True
Linguistically speaking no one form of English is better than the other.
True
The best way to determine if you have a possessive determiner or a possessive pronoun is to try to place a noun behind the word in question. If the word + noun phrase is grammatically correct, you have a possessive determiner. Examples: mine book vs. my book.
True
We use T inflection on nearly all sentences. The only place that we don't really need it is with imperatives (commands).
True
Match the following VP expansions with sample sentences.
V Linking + NP:is the man V Linking + AdjP + AdvP:is cool in the afternoon V Linking + AdjP:is nice V Linking + AdvP + AdvP:is here at 10:00 V Linking + Adv:is here
Match the correct question word with the descriptors given below. What kind of Wh word is being used in each sentence?
Who is coming?: interrogative pronoun What book are your reading?: interrogative determiner When are we leaving?: interrogative adverb Whose pencil is this?: possessive interrogative determiner
For each sentence below, match up the correct description of active and passive voice and the use of auxiliary verbs.
Writes: Active, no auxiliary Has Written: active, with perfect aux Is writing: Active, with progressive Could have written: Active, modal perfect Was written: Passive progressive Has been written: passive perfect Will be written: Passive modal Could have been written: Passive modal perfect
The morpheme -er in the word "teachers" is best described by which set of terms?
bound, grammatical, derivational
Match the following verb forms with their descriptors.
can be written: present modal passive can have been written: present modal perfect passive can have been being written: present modal perfect progressive passive is written: present passive
Given the words "can" and "not", what will the transformational rule T-Cont make them into?
can't
Match the following prefixes with their definitions:
com as in combine, commune, complain: with il as in illegal, illegible, illiterate: not maladjusted, malaise, malevolent: bad tele as in telephone, telescope, telegram: distant recall, repay, regrade: again
What is the root in the word "discoverings"? You want the smallest word that is still the root of the overall word.
cover
In the phrase "the student's grammar book" we would diagram this as:
det Nposs ModNP N
A child of 40 months would be expected to have mastered all the grammatical morphemes of the language (all 14 of Brown's morphemes).
false
Match the correct description to the CAPITALIZED portion of the word.
inconCLUSive: bound root DYSfunctional: derivational prefix coverINGs: derivational suffix reCOVERing: free root handlING: Inflectional suffix
We know that the -ing in the word "dressings" is not inflectional because:
it is not the last morpheme in the word a word cannot have two inflectional morphemes this use of -ing is not the present participle
Finish this sentence. "Good" language. . .
lies in the eyes of the beholder and thus is an arbitary concept.
To account for the reason that both of these sentences are grammatically correct, we must apply a transformational rule to create the second sentence from the first one. I turned on the light. I turned the light on. Which transformational rule do we use?
particle movement transformation
We say that prepositions are free and grammatical because:
they are free morphemes with little content meaning
Match the following words with their appropriate descriptors:
this: demonsrative my:Possessive determiner she:Personal Pronoun (Pro P) 's as in "Bob's":Possessive determiner that is a suffix all: Quantifier
The following words were created by which process? Choose only one. sidewalk, shoelace, overcoat, bookkeeper
Compunding
An English speaking child, aged 19-22 months is expected to have the following syntactic development. Check as many as apply.
No complex sentences Negation signaled by the word "no" VP elaboration is the V, some use of -ing Occassional grammatical morphemes
In the following sentence, where would the prepositional phrase be drawn: He walked to the library.
Off of the Vp
Match the following traditional verb tense names with their meanings.
Simple Present: habitual, timeless. present progressive: duration in the present. Simple past: completed action in the past Past progressive: action in progress in past. Simple future: duration in a future event. Future progressive: event as not yet occurred Present perfect: Action finished in the recent past present perfect progressive: began in the past and was completed, several cycles which just finished in the recent past. past perfect: action completed in the remote past. future perfect: future action will be completed prior to a specific time
Match the following rule writing notations with their meanings.
1. (det), the parentheses mean. . . optional 2. adj+, the + means. . . unlimited number 3. {X}, the braces mean. . . choose only one of the lines 4. VL, the L means. . . linking 5. ProP, the P means. . . personal
Match the following NP elaborations with the correct stage for Brown's Stages
1. Generally just a noun: Stage I 2. The NP can now also appear as an object: Stage II 3. Emergence of demonstratives and articles and modifiers: Stage III 4. Subject NP is obligatory and many modifiers are possible: Stage Late IV/Early V 5. NP well developed except for subject-verb agreement: Stage Late V,V+,V++
Match the VP elaboration with the correct age in months for Brown's Stages. Look at the Verb Phrase Elaboration column, not grammatical morphemes.
1. Generally just uninflected main verbs: 19-22 months 2. Irregular past tense, regular 3rd person singular and contractible copula: 43-46 months 3. Main verbs, some semiauxiliaries, some use of -ing: 27-30 months 4. Obligatory main verb, overgeneralized -ed, use of can, will, be and do: 31-38 months 5. Auxiliaries, copulas and irregular 3rd person plus past tense of be and infrequent use of present perfect: 47-67 months 6. Regular ed, past modals, be + present progressive all appearing: 39-42 Months
Match the following verbs with their correct descriptors.
1. I am happy. Linking verb followed by an adj 2. I gave the box to him. Ditransitive verb 3. I hit the ball. Transitive verb 4. I ran. Intransitive verb 5. I am a teacher. Linking verb followed by a NP
Match the following sentences to their moods.
1. I am happy. declarative 2. Am I happy? interrogative 3. I wish I were happy. subjunctive 4. Don't worry! Be happy! imperative
Match the following Brown's Stages expressed in predicted age ranges to the corresponding MLU.
39-42 months: MLU=3.5-3.99 43-46 months=MLU=4.0-4.49 19-22 months= MLU=1.0-1.49 27-30 Months= MLU2.0-249 51-67 months=5.0-5.99
The following words were added to the English language through which process? Choose only one. COBOL, AIDS, SCUBA
Acronym
Match the following types of word order with the constituents in the appropriate order
Active word order: Subject verb object Passive Word order: object verb subject
The word 'ain't comes from the contraction of which two words?
Am not
Why must we use the rule T-Supp to change sentence 1 into sentence 2 below? 1. Mark loves chocolate milk. 2. Mark doesn't love chocolate milk.
Because there are no auxiliary verbs in the first sentence to carry the negative.
Which of the following have a verb+particle. Choose as many as apply
Call in your order! I called out the answer. Take out the trash! Check out that blue car! I gave up my seat. Turn up the volume!
The following words were created by which process? Choose only one. coed, doc, gas, gym, stereo
Clipping
Match the following words with their appropriate descriptors. All of these words have been added to the English language through various word creation mechanisms.
Doc: clipped Smog: blended Blackboard: Compound USU: acronym Cearean Section (c section): names
What is the root in the following word? antidisestablishmentarianism
Establish
It is common for languages to add new words to their vocabulary. One thing that drives this is improvements in technology. Which of the following words has been added to the English language as a result of technology?
Facebook me! Google Infomercial Blog
"Syntax" can best be described as the way that sounds are put together to make a syllable.
False
A person who says "I ain't got none". lacks appropriate education.
False
Any English word with more than one syllable will contain more than one morpheme.
False
Any one-morpheme English word will also be a one-syllable word.
False
Any one-syllable word will also be a one-morpheme word.
False
As Speech Language Pathologists it is our job to police the language, ensuring that every child uses good grammar and Standard English in all settings.
False
Every English word ending in -ly is an adverb
False
In the following sentences, T part has applied in transforming sentence 1 to sentence 2. 1. I walked up the creek. 2. Up the creek, I walked.
False
In the sentence listed below, the "to be" verb is a copula. I am running.
False
We have succeeded in making English unvarying and permanent just like Classical Greek and Latin.
False
A child says "My jumped." What is the error?
He is using a possessive determiner when he should be using a subject pronoun
Check all the sentences below in which the PP is a constituent of the NP. This could be the subject NP or the object NP.
Mary cut the cake with the chocolate icing. The building across the way is your destination. The zebra in the park is mine. I saw the old man in the gray hat.
Match the following relative sentences to their correct descriptors
My aunt is the woman who won the race.: OS Correct Answer My aunt, who won the race, is a long distance runner.: SS Correct Answer That man is the director to whom you addressed that question.: OO Correct Answer My aunt to whom you wrote is a nice lady.: SO Correct Answer
If you had a child who needed to work on possessive determiners, which words would you be working on?
My, our, his, their
Linking verbs may be followed by_________. Check as many as apply.
NP AdjP
The creation of the word "hisself" comes from the combination of a pronoun and the word 'self". What kind of pronoun is the word 'his'?
Possessive (determiner)
Match the following terminology for verbs with the appropriate example.
Present Modal: Can, may, will Past modal: Could, might, would Perfect: Have + en Progressive: be + ing
Match the following syntactic terminology with the appropriate examples.
Present participle: They are running Past participle: It was written Copula: i am here Irregular simple past tense: He slide down the slide. Regular simple past tense: I walked home. Irregular 3rd person singular: He has a book. Regular 3rd person singular: he reads a book.
Identify the subject NP in the sentence below:Reginald's stepbrother's wife's mother-in-law is coming for a visit.
Reginald's stepbrother's wife's mother-in-law
In which Brown's stage does a child start to use the copula? It does not have to be corrected inflected.
Stage II
The present tense -ing morpheme shows up in which stage of development (Brown's Stages)? Do not count occasional use. Go for regular use.
Stage II
You have a client who is 4 years and 2 months old. However, analysis of his language shows that he is operating at Brown's stages II. How do you select clinical goals for that child?
Start with a part of speech that will improve his communication skills the most quickly.
Which of the following are inflectional suffixes. Choose as many as apply.
Superlative -est Plural -s Present participle -ing 3rd person singular present tense -s
Which T rules have applied to get from Sentence 1 to Sentence 2? 1. I need that book. 2. Why don't I need that book?
T neg T inflection T-wh T aux-front T-supp do T contraction
Which T rules have applied to get from Sentence 1 to Sentence 2. 1. It mattered in the long run. 2. In the long run, it didn't matter.
T neg insert T contract Tinflect Tadverbial
What rule is responsible for the change in word order between Sentence 1 and Sentence 2? 1. He ran home quickly. 2. Quickly he ran home.
T-AdvP
What T rules have applied to change sentence 1 into sentence 2? 1. The farmer is planting corn this year. 2. What is the farmer planting this year?
T-AuxFront T-wh replace and wh front T-infl
What rules have applied to change sentence 1 into sentence 2. Check all that apply. 1. You are buying a cup of coffee for me on your way home. 2. On your way home, buy me a cup of coffee.
T-IO T-IMP T-AdvP
What T-rules apply to get from Sentence 1 to Sentence 2? 1. You called me yesterday. 2. When did you call me?
T-inflection T-wh T-supp do T-aux front
Dairy Farmers use the expression "The cows is out" because:
They view the word 'cows' as a collective noun.
In Stage III, a child of 31-35 months is expected to have which of the following syntactic features? Check all the apply.
VP is the verb plus some usage of -ed, -ing, and can, will and be Rising intonation instead of word order changes for Yes-No Q's Grammatical morphemes: -ing, plural -s, "in", "on", possessive -s
"Predicate" is another word for:
Verb phrase
Which of the following phrases are ambiguous (have more than one meaning)?
a wild horse trainer a German language teacher flying planes can be dangerous
Match the following words with the appropriate descriptor of the suffix.
actor: derivational colder: inflectional silver: no suffix
The first constituent in the VP carries the tense marker--either present or past.
true
The last verb in the elaborated VP is the main verb
true
When we talk about the study of "English", it would be more appropriate to say that we are studying many varieties of English.
true
Match the following verb phrases to the name of the verb tense. Note here that we are using the transformational verb tense names. Hence there is no "future".Assume the frame is John ____________ (walk) the dog
walks: simple present walked: simple past is walking: present progressive was walking: past progressive has walked: present perfect had walked: past perfect can walk: present modal could walk: past modal has been walking: present perfect progressive had been walking: past perfect progressive could have been walking: past modal perfect progressive
