Large Animal Final Lecture

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the max volume of medication that should be injected IM at any one site in an average-size horse

15 mL

What is the average gestation period for cattle?

283 days

The normal packed cell volume in a horse ranges from

32% to 52%

The normal pulse rate in sheep and goats is

70 to 90 bpm

When performing a nerve block, a local anesthetic is used. The toxic dose of local anesthetics in horses

13 mg/kg

What size intravenous catheter is used for administration of large volumes of maintenance fluids

14-gauge catheter

To minimize the chances of accidentally entering the carotid artery when giving an intravenous injection into the jugular vein

Access the vein in the cranial half of the jugular groove

Which of the following local anesthetic procedures would not be used for a standing flank laparotomy in cattle?

Cornual nerve block

When placing lateral radiographs of a horse's leg on the view box, the _______ aspect would be toward the ________, and the ________ aspect would toward the __________.

Dorsal, left, caudal, right

Which is the name of the view taken of a horse's right front lower leg when the x-ray beam is directed at a 45° angle from in front of the leg toward the inner aspect of the leg?

Dorsomedial-palmarolateral oblique

Which of the following statements about rumen fluid collection is true

Rumenocentesis is performed caudal to the xiphoid process and left of ventral midline

Regarding fecal collection in a horse

Sample sizes are similar to those collected in small animals.

Which of the following statements is true?

Sheep and goats rarely give birth to freemartins.

Most standing surgeries in the horse are performed for

Treatment and repair of traumatic injuries

which of the following mastitis tests is performed by the plant receiving the milk shipped from the farm

Wisconsin mastitis test

The intramuscular injection site used the least often in the horse is the

Triceps muscle

when performing abdominocentesis

as little as one drop of fluid is required when collecting samples into a serum tube.

Which of the following diseases is reportable and zoonotic?

brucellosis

When performing venipuncture on the jugular vein in cattle

direct the needle either cranially or caudally

which of the following statements about oral medication administration is not true?

during medication administration, the head should be tilted.

for which of the following viral diseases is a vaccine not available

foot and mouth disease

regarding the use of arthrocentesis to obtain synovial fluid samples

most horses do not require local anesthesia when it is performed on the lower leg

Catheterization of the urinary bladder

poor substitute for cystocentesis of a sterile sample is needed

For which of the following diseases is mucoid diarrhea with flecks of blood the primary clinical sign?

swine dysentary

Which of the following statements about cerebrospinal fluid collection is true

the atlantooccipital space is locted on the dorsal midline, at the level of the wings of the atlas

Which of the following statements is not true?

"Spider lamb syndrome" is contracted by consumption of infective oocytes in cat feces

The normal temperature range in cattle is

100-102.5 F

The normal temperature range in sheep and goats is

101° F to 104° F

If a standing surgery is performed on an elective vs. emergency basis, withhold grain for _______ and water for ________

12 hours, 0 hours

Which of the following statements about Haemonchus contortus infestation is true?

20% of the flock harbors 80% of the worms

When using nasogastric intubation for medication delivery, remember that the stomach capacity of an average 1000-lb horse is ___________, so the maximum amount of fluid given at one dosing should be ________.

4 to 5 gallons, 1 gallon

unless refrigerated, venous blood samples should be run within ___ of drawing the blood

4-6 hours

The normal pulse rate in cattle is

40 to 80 bpm

Which of the following statements regarding the euthanasia of cattle is not true?

A euthanized animal can be sent for rendering without concern over chemical residues

When preparing the patient for general anesthesia

Anticholinergics are not routinely used

All of the following statements about chlamydophilosis are true except

Abortion occurs in the first 2 to 3 weeks of gestation.

When administering oral medications

Adding them to feed can be a highly unreliable method of delivery

Which of the following statements about swine influenza is true?

Affected animals can have fevers up to 108° F

Infestation with the parasite Fasciola hepatica predisposes flocks to which of the following diseases?

Black disease

_______ is the most common way to sterilize an endoscope after use on a patient suspected of an infectious disease.

Cold sterilization

Which of the following statements about artificial insemination in cattle is not true?

Cows observed to be in standing heat are inseminated as soon as possible

The system of raising sheep that would produce a 20 to 40 lb "Easter lamb" is

Fall lambs

Which of the following statements about ruminants under general anesthesia is not true?

Distention of the rumen is preventable.

Which of the following types of castration is bloodless and involves crushing the spermatic cord through the skin without making an incision?

Emasculatome

In embryo transfer, flushing the uterus of the donor is done for the purpose of

Embryo recovery

Which of the following diseases usually is seen in feedlot lambs consuming high-concentrate diets?

Enterotoxemia

Which of the following statements about castration in the horse is true?

Evisceration of the intestines can occur up to 6 days postoperatively.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

Have the potential to be nephrotoxic

Which of the following statements about general anesthesia is true?

Hyperthermia is rare

The following statements about butorphanol, used to restrain horses during standing surgery, are true except

Its use with sedative-hypnotics or tranquilizers is optional

With regard to blood pressure during general anesthesia

IV fluids are given at 10 mL/kg/hr for the first hour, then reduced to 5 mL/kg/hr.

If a radiograph is too light

Increase either the kVp or mAs

The following statements about xylazine, used to restrain horses during standing surgery, are true except

Increases GI motility

Orchidectomy in the horse

Is done to curb objectionable stallion-like behavior

Induction with injectable drugs followed by maintenance with injectable drugs

Is used for surgical procedures <1 hour

Which of the following statements about caseous lymphadenitis is true?

It causes abscesses

Regarding compartment syndrome while the horse is under general anesthesia

Its risk can be minimized by keeping the MAP above 70 mm Hg.

With regard to Caslick surgery

It is the most common reproductive surgery performed on female horses

Regarding caudal epidural anesthesia for standing surgery

It never is performed cranial to the first intercoccygeal space.

Because it is less expensive and least toxic, which of the following local anesthetics is used most commonly in farm animals?

Lidocaine

Which of the following local anesthetics has a toxic dose of 13 mg/kg body weight in cattle?

Lidocaine

Regarding the Bier block

Lidocaine without epinephrine (2%) is injected intravenously.

Which of the following statements about urine collection is not true?

Male goats tend to urinate less frequently during breeding season

Which of the following is a true statement?

Microbial samples recovered by endoscopic transtracheal aspiration may not accurately reflect the suspected respiratory disease.

______ is the diagnostic imaging technique used to evaluate the overall musculoskeletal system of an adult horse.

Nuclear scintigraphy

The most common method of tracheal intubation in a horse is by

Orotracheal intubation

During examination of a male's external genitalia, prolonged penile extension is more likely to occur when using

Phenothiazine-based tranquilizers

A breeding soundness examination of males emphasizes

Physical ability, Vision and conformation

Which of the following statements about exudative epidermitis is true?

Pigs gain immunity as they age

For which of the following diseases are mummification and stillbirth the only indications that a herd is infected?

Porcine parvovirus

in horses, ____ never should be given IV injection

Procaine penicillin G

The following statements about acepromazine, used to restrain horses during standing surgery, are true except

Provides good analgesia

Which of the following statements regarding cryptorchidism is true?

Retained testicles do not produce sperm, but do produce testosterone.

ALARA means

Selecting the lowest possible mA, kVp, and time to achieve the best image

Which of the following statements about recovery from general anesthesia is true?

Supplemental oxygen is delivered at a rate of 15 L/min

Which of the following statements about treating urolithiasis is not true?

Surgical procedures are designed to prevent urolithiasis.

Dye appearing across the back of a cow in standing heat was caused by a

Teaser Animal

Which of the following statements is true about mastitis testing

The California mastitis test is used on individuals to identify which quarters or halves of the udder are infected

Which of the following statements about brucellosis in sheep is not true?

The disease is prevalent in the eastern portions of North America.

All of the following statements about anesthetic maintenance and recovery are true except

The endotracheal tube is removed after the cuff has been deflated.

When placing an intravenous catheter

The insertion site should be as far "upstream" as possible

Which of the following statements about intramuscular injection sites is true?

The lateral cervical muscles are not used for IM injection in show goats.

All of the following statements about castration in sheep and goats are true except

The risk of tetanus following castration with an emasculatome is greater than with an elastrator

Which of the following statements about contagious ecthyma is not true?

The vaccine consists of a modified live virus.

The most common use of endoscopy in equines is

To examine the upper respiratory tract

Which of the following is not a reason to dehorn cattle?

To treat parasitic invasions of the frontal sinus

Dorsolateral-Palmarmedial oblique of the left front fetlock

What is the name of this 45 degrees angled radiography? Answer completely.

A cattle chute that features the ability to open an entire side is advantageous when

an animal collapses

routine tuberculosis testing

an intradermal (ID) injection is given into the caudal tail fold; ID skin testing for allergic reactions is performed in the lateral cervical or flank area.

Among beef cattle breeds, purebred _____ cattle are black and polled.

angus

other than blood, normal body fluids obtained from closed body cavities

are free of bacteria

All of the following statements about intramuscular injections in cattle are true except

because of the costs associated with injection site lesions, the trend is to avoid IM injections into the hindlegs

When choosing a bull for breeding, traits such as birth weight, weaning weight, yearling weight, and scrotal circumference of the bull's prior offspring can be examined. When done without factoring in their degree of heritability, these characteristics are examples of

estimated progeny differences

All of the following statements are true except

hooves on cattle stop growing after 2-3 years, depending on breed

The "triangle" of the lateral cervical area is bordered dorsally by the

nuchal ligament

The single greatest risk from administering general anesthesia to a horse is

recovery

once a cattle's body is secured and the head catch deployed further restraint of the head can be applied most safely using

rope halters

A condition of the hoof wall, often occurring secondary to laminitis, that causes a hollowed-out space containing a mealy substance on the palmar surface of the hoof describes which disease?

seedy toe

When performing a thoacocentesis

signs of iattrogenic pneumothorax include elevated respiratory rate, dyspnea, and cyanosis

which of the following statements about venipuncture in cattle is true?

the large milk veins are inappropriate for venipuncture


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