LAST FINAL
What is organizational control?
A broad-based form of control that guides all company activities and oversees the overall functioning of the whole firm
Which of the following characteristics relates to statistical process control (SPC)?
A form of screening control that employs "control charts" to continuously track performance variation over time
Which of the following characteristics relates to performance appraisal?
A formal measurement of the quantity and quality of an employee's work within a specific period of time
Which of the following characteristics relates to quantum change?
A large-scale planned change in how the firm operates
In the Hersey and Blanchard situational leadership model, the leadership style that would be appropriate for a group of Ph.D. physicists highly committed to their jobs would be
A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment
Which of the following characteristics relates to situational leadership theory?
A leadership model whose premise is that a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' competence and commitment
What is meant by competing style?
A management style involving a stance of high assertiveness with low cooperation
Which of the following characteristics relates to zero-based budgeting (ZBB)?
A method of budgeting in which managers thoroughly reevaluate organizational activities to determine their true level of importance
What is a fixed-interval schedule?
A pattern of reinforcement at specified periods of time, regardless of behavior
Which of the following refers to power that is derived by virtue of a person's association with someone else who has some source of power?
Affiliative power
Which of the following products is likely to be the subject of 100 percent inspection rather than sampling?
Airport radar equipment
Which of the following characteristics relates to human resource management (HRM)?
All activities that forecast the number and type of employees an organization will need and then find and develop employees with necessary skills
You are a human resource manager at your firm. The task you face is determining the best applicant for a specific job based on the applicant's knowledge and cognitive ability. Your best indicator will be: a performance test an ability test a personality test an integrity test
An ability test
What is a training and experience form?
An application device that presents a small number of the important tasks of a job and asks the applicants whether they have ever performed or been trained in each of the activities
As the trait approach to leadership waned, two major dimensions of leader behavior emerged from new research: (1) how leaders get the job done and (2) how leaders treat their subordinates.
True
Background checks can be used to determine criminal records, verify financial records, and examine other pertinent information regarding the integrity of the applicant.
True
Choosing organizational change will not guarantee success, but ignoring it will almost surely guarantee failure.
True
David McClelland's achievement theory categorized needs according to achievement, affiliation, and power.
True
In managing organizational transition, commitment planning is a process of identifying key political powers in the organization and gaining their support.
True
In recent years, perhaps the fastest-growing portion of executive pay has been stock options.
True
In reinforcement theory, the timing of reinforcement is just as important as what kind of reinforcement is used.
True
Job analysis is a systematic procedure to determine the relative worth of various jobs.
True
Which budgeting process involves those more directly engaged in the actual tasks covered by the budget?
Bottom-up budgeting
What term describes group behaviors involving interaction with members in other units of the organization or outside the organization?
Boundary-spanning roles
Organizational change varies along a continuum with regard to the extent to which it is planned.
True
Organizational development is by its nature a flexible, adaptive, ongoing process of diagnosing and solving people-related problems.
True
Problems with on-the-job training include the fact that the trainers may not be well versed in how to teach, and they must continue to do their own jobs while they train the new employee
True
Termination for-cause occurs when an individual's job behavior is unacceptable.
True
Which of the following is concerned with the intermediate and long-term control of acquisitions such as plants and equipment?
Capital budgeting
What term describes the pattern of concentrating authority in a relatively few, high-level positions?
Centralization
What name is given to an organizing concept that ensures that all positions are directly linked in some way to top management?
Chain of Command
What name is given to the medium or method used to transmit the intended information and meaning (such as leaving an email or telling a person face to face)?
Channel
The biggest takeaway of the situational leadership theory is that management styles depend on the situation of where employees are at in their development.
True
The matrix organizational structure is an attempt to capture the benefits of the functional and multi-divisional forms while eliminating the disadvantages.
True
When a group has high cohesiveness, synergy can sometimes develop, which means that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
True
When an organization uses a hybrid structure, the structure can be any combination of multidivisional, functional, or holding company forms.
True
Which of the following characteristics relates to group?
Two or more individuals who communicate with one another, share a collective identity, and have a common goal
What name is given to words spoken through various channels to convey information and meaning?
Verbal or oral communication
The person responsible for developing expectancy theory was a psychologist named
Victor Vroom.
Which of the following occurs when organizational members in different geographic areas use information technology to collaborate on projects and objectives?
Virtual organization
Of the basic communication patterns that exist in groups, by far the most centralized pattern is the
Wheel pattern
You own a courier service in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with 50 radio-dispatched drivers. You buy some marvelous software that dispatches all the drivers so you can manage them all efficiently without assistance. You are truly a businessperson with
a broad span of control.
In reality, most organizations are
a combination of both manufacturers and service providers.
Organizational development is often carried out with the aid of
a consultant
Since all organizational systems tend to seek equilibrium, many attempts at change may be resisted or even nullified by
a lack of change in the rest of the system.
As the Hersey and Blanchard life cycle of leadership has evolved into situational leadership theory, a basic premise of it has become that
a leader's style should be contingent on subordinates' skills and dedication.
Hannah is on a team with Carson, and they are often in conflict. Hannah likes to begin her work with careful planning and she gets started immediately. Carson, on the other hand, likes trying out several ideas, and tends to be working frantically at the last minute. Their team conflict most likely stems from
a personality clash.
The behaviors expected of a specific person in the group are referred to as
a role
When a group member engages in behaviors oriented toward generating information and resolving problems, he or she is playing
a task specialist role
Megan came to her boss with a proposal for a new Minolta copier. Daniel tells her that he has always used and liked Xerox copiers, but when he thinks about it later he realizes he does not feel really strongly about it. Daniel should adopt a(n) ______ conflict-handling style.
accommodating
Which of the following refers to a style exhibiting low assertiveness and high cooperation?
accommodating style
When the United Steelworkers Union went on strike at Globe Metallurgical, within a few weeks of the strike, a skeleton crew of workers
actually increased production by 20 percent.
As a group disbands, with its task complete, it goes through the state of
adjourning
Self-managed teams are groups of workers who have been given ______ for their task domains.
administrative oversight
The First Lady's primary source of power is
affiliative
During the forming stage, the leader should
allow people to socialize
An important reason why channel selection becomes a personal barrier to communication effectiveness is that some individuals
always seem to lean toward a particular channel.
Teams can flounder in organizations for months or even years without realizing that change is required if there is lack of
appropriate feedback.
The factor(s) that influence the effectiveness of work groups most directly
are found within the group or team, including its structure and process.
In an organizational chart, the higher the level of the box in the chart, the higher the level of
authority
All of the following are important reasons why groups enforce group norms EXCEPT
avoid having to express core or central values.
Which of the following refers to a snapshot of the organization's financial position at a given moment that indicates what the firm owns and what proportion of its assets are financed with its own or borrowed money?
balance sheet
Which budgeting process involves those more directly engaged in the actual tasks covered by the budget?
bottom up budgeting
The steps of the control process include all of the following EXCEPT
budgeting resources
Hierarchical control that attempts to control the firm's functioning through formal, mechanistic structural arrangements is also known as
bureaucratic control.
You are working for a leading producer of small computers. The workers are very productive in a casual and informal environment. To improve productivity, the president hires a new operations manager who is strict, formal, and sleeps in a navy pin-striped suit. From him, you expect
bureaucratic control.
Perhaps the key aspect of or element in the congruence model of organizational change is that changes in one part of the system
can cause radical changes in another part.
Which of the following is concerned with the intermediate and long-term control of acquisitions such as plants and equipment?
capital budgeting
What name is given to an organizing concept that ensures that all positions are directly linked in some way to top management?
chain of command
The communication process is like a
chain, as strong as its weakest link.
The extensive use of robotics, which is helping large manufacturers throughout the world to improve efficiency, is a good example of
changing technology.
When Martin Luther King, Jr., and Malcolm X made their followers feel strong enough to resist racism and segregation, they were using
charismatic power .
Decentralized control that seeks to regulate the overall organizational functioning through reliance on informal, organic structural arrangements is also known as
clan control
Which of the following seeks to regulate overall organizational functioning through reliance on informal, organic structural arrangements?
clan control
A good example of a change process that has produced resistance in the form of uncertainty and insecurity is
company downsizing
Which of the following refers to adherence to the group's norms, values, and goals?
conformity
While size, life cycle, strategy, environment, and technology are all variables that affect structure, what complicates matters is that each organization must
consider all of these factors simultaneously.
Common reasons for resistance to control include all of the following EXCEPT
controls that award efficiency.
When actual performance deviates significantly from the performance standard, managers will ordinarily take steps to
correct the discrepancy.
At least one study of several hundred change agents has shown that the single most positive facilitator of a change program is
creating a shared vision with employees of the change.
In Program Evaluation and Review Technique scheduling, the path that requires the longest time from start to finish is called the
critical path
In Program Evaluation and Review Technique scheduling, the path that requires the longest time from start to finish is called the
critical path.
Which of the following is NOT an internal feedback mechanism that can signal that the organization needs to change in response to environmental forces?
customer surveys
Which of the following is NOT an example of an internal force that may affect an organization?
customers
The current or modern view is that conflict in groups is
d) inevitable and often desirable.
You own the Chicago Cardboard Box Company in Chicago, Illinois, and you have been successfully making cardboard boxes for 50 years. The Peoria Perforated Plastic Pouch Company in Peoria, Illinois, begins making a lightweight line of plastic boxes, and your sales sag dramatically. Your company has entered a stage of
decline
In the Hersey and Blanchard situational leadership model, the leadership style that would be appropriate for a group of Ph.D. physicists highly committed to their jobs would be
delegating leadership.
Some major federal and state laws that affect human resource management include all of the following EXCEPT: labor-management laws demographic equality laws. equal employment opportunity laws health and safety laws
demographic equality laws
The University of Michigan studies of leadership effectiveness found that the most effective leaders
employ both task-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors.
Questions used in wage and salary surveys usually ask about all of the following EXCEPT employee traits number of overtime hours direct wages benefits and other forms of compensation
employee traits
You tell your Wobbly Widget work team that you are giving them complete authority, including control over their budget, to develop a new high-tech Wobbly Widget. You have
empowered them fully.
What term describes the process of transforming information into understandable symbols, typically spoken or written words or gestures?
encoding
Setting targets against which to compare the actual performance at a future date describes
establishing performance standards.
What term describes power or influence derived from a person's special knowledge or expertise in a particular area?
expert power
Professors, computer geniuses, mechanics, airline pilots, and ship captains supposedly have a lot of
expert power.
A company can design and build an appropriate product, without first determining the process it will use to create its product.
false
A compressed work week allows a company to take advantage of the skills of two people in performing the job.
false
A manufacturing firm's decision regarding whether to purchase, make, or lease a needed item generally depends on whether the company has storage space for the item.
false
All groups are teams, but not all teams are groups.
false
An advantage of job specialization in the modern era is that it has virtually eliminated fatigue injuries like carpel tunnel syndrome.
false
Because of their lack of uniformity, service products cannot be controlled for quality.
false
Even a properly designed management control system rarely provides managers with the means to effectively respond to changing conditions.
false
Free-riding tends to increase as group size decreases.
false
In PERT scheduling terms, each complete activity is called an critical path.
false
In mass technology, the firm makes small numbers of goods in response to a specific customer request.
false
In overcoming resistance to change, co-optation involves having resistant individuals join the change team so that they can truly participate in the change process.
false
Individuals who have an external locus of control believe they largely control what happens to them; those with an internal locus of control believe that their lives are more controlled by fate, luck, chance, or significant other people.
false
It has been said that leadership influences the brain, while management encourages the heart and spirit.
false
Research on leader-member exchange theory has found that in-group members perform more poorly, have lower levels of satisfaction, higher turnover, and are promoted more slowly than out-group members.
false
Social learning theory maintains that employees learn only through direct experience.
false
Specific aspects of Lewin's model of organizational change include survey feedback, process consultation, team and intergroup development, role negotiation, life and career planning, third-party peacemaking, techno-structural redesign, job design, and grid OD.
false
The key aspect of Lewin's model of change is that system elements, both inputs and processes, interact with one another such that changes in one part of the system can cause radical changes in another part of the system.
false
The process concerned with linking subunits on the same level in the organization is known as vertical integration.
false
Transformation processes occur in only a few organizations, depending on what they produce or their objectives.
false
Another name for preliminary control is
feed-forward control
Another name for preliminary control is
feed-forward control.
The inventory that consists of those products that are ready for sale describes
finished goods
Predicting how many employees will be needed in specific jobs in the future defines: forecasting employee demand forecasting employee supply forecasting sales demanding employee supply
forecasting employee demand.
A group that is created to do something productive for the organization and is headed by a leader is called a(n)
formal group
What term describes groups created by the organization that generally have their own formal structure?
formal groupds
A problem that emerges in larger groups is a tendency for some members to do less than their share and rely instead on other members. This problem is known as
free-riding
When a group has its members drawn from several vertical levels of the organization's hierarchy, it is called
functional
Which basis of departmentalization is most often employed in smaller companies?
functional
A useful way to look at the performance of any work group is the extent to which it
functions like a team
Relative to the cost of the inputs, the ultimate objective for most organizations is for the outputs to have
greater value
In a general sense, teams tend to have and use knowledge than individuals do, and when working together, they create a number of approaches to problems than individuals do.
greater; greater
The characteristics of bureaucratic control include all of the following EXCEPT
group participation
Pam sat through the meeting feeling convinced her team was misinterpreting recent marketing research, but she didn't say anything. The team leader was a close friend. Plus, she didn't want to disrupt the team since she thought she was the only one with reservations. Pam's team appears to be experiencing
groupthink.
The steps in the training process include all of the following EXCEPT
have employees evaluate the trainer.
When an organization creates a task force or project team to develop a product or solve a problem, there will be a formal need for
horizontal communication.
The approach to motivation that considers both the economic and social needs of the individual, as well as the person's need to feel like a positive contributor to the organization, is the
human resource approach.
Effective strategic control should tell managers
if their strategies are appropriate
Work-at-home programs have all of the following advantages EXCEPT
increased collaboration among employees, which is important for innovation and creativity.
Benefits of employee empowerment include all of the following EXCEPT
increased work for leaders.
The basic assumption of the classical approach to job design is that division of labor and job specialization
increases an organization's overall productivity.
When a company makes relatively small changes, involving fine-tuning processes and behaviors in a few systems in the organization, it is making
incremental changes.
Examples of screening control include all of the following EXCEPT
inspection of incoming materials.
Tests that measure an applicant's thoughts and reactions to a number of illegal or unethical situations are called: personality tests ability tests integrity tests work-sample tests
integrity tests
When a message is communicated, it can be thought of as two- dimensional because it
involves the form of communication and the medium or channel employed.
Alderfer's ERG theory differs from Maslow's hierarchy of needs in all of the following ways EXCEPT
it is a content theory of motivation, while Maslow's hierarchy is a process theory of motivation.
An organization is likely to be most effective when
its formal and latent structures are in harmony.
You are a human resource manager. As part of your responsibilities, you must gather information about job characteristics and worker qualifications. These activities describe: selection recruiting job training job analysis
job analysis.
The practice of assigning new managers to jobs in various parts of the organization to develop a broad knowledge of the work operation describes case studies on-the-job training job rotation role playing
job rotation.
The inventory concept that minimizes the quantity of inventory by providing an almost continuous flow of items from the supplier is
just-in-time inventory management.
All of the following are normally consistent with the role of group facilitator EXCEPT
leading the group to higher levels of role acceptance.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of larger groups?
less commitment
In general, the expense of operating control methods employed early in the production process, relative to those employed later, is
less costly
In general, the expense of operating control methods employed early in the production process, relative to those employed later, is
less costly.
The most challenging and difficult group for the manager and the organization is the group with
low performance norms and high cohesiveness.
Once managers have evaluated actual performance relative to standards, they must decide which of three basic options is the appropriate response: corrective action, change the performance standards, or
maintain the status quo
You own a fast-food chain, and you insist that each of your precooked hamburgers weigh four ounces and that every employee wear the same uniform. No change of any sort can be made without your approval. The customers know exactly what to expect in your restaurants. Your organization is
mechanistic
You tell the members of the Wobbly Widget work team, whom you have given both the authority and responsibility to develop a new high- tech Wobbly Widget, that they are the best task force in this whole company. You have
misnamed them
The method of budgeting that involves a degree of give and take between the various levels of management is
negotiated budgeting
What term describes anything acting as an information filter, such as knowledge, attitudes, and other factors, that interferes with the message being communicated effectively?
noise
Reward power, which stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards, is
organizationally based.
When we take in diverse information and make sense of it by putting it in a smaller number of conceptual categories, we are engaging in the process of
perceptual organization.
What are targets set by management against which actual results are compared at a future date?
performance standards
Your work team has been meeting for six months, and 90 percent of your time is now spent working on your eggbeater project. There is almost no conflict or dissent. Your group is
performing
A norm that some people accept, like going out for a beer after work, but that is not important to organizational success is called
peripheral
When extra effort is required from employees and managers have no control over rewards and punishments and close supervision is not practical
personal sources of power are essential.
Cultural differences are important in determining levels of norms. In Japan, for example, after-work schmoozing is often
pivotal
When an organization deliberately structures operations and behaviors in anticipation of environmental forces, it is engaging in
planned change.
Which of the following is NOT a strategy that managers often apply in attempting to overcome resistance to change?
political pressure
Another endemic problem in groups, which involves maneuvering by members to gain reward or resource advantages, is the process of
politics
You create a self-directed work team with 30 members at your player-piano plant on the theory that the more the merrier and communication is power. You expect the team to be highly productive. The most likely result is
poor communication and low productivity.
A general problem in our society, and one that contributes to many communication breakdowns, is
poor listening
In general, research has shown that the relationship between overall productivity and group cohesiveness is
positive
Another name for feedback control is
post-action control
Another name for feedback control is
post-action control.
A firm that organizes the transformation process into departments that group related processes is using a
process layout.
The motivational theories that try to determine how and why employees are motivated to perform are called
process theories.
The advantages of management control include all of the following EXCEPT
provides management advancement opportunities.
A less obvious means of communicating messages through the relative body position and distance between those having a discussion is
proxemic communication.
Your industrial supply company project teams are so successful in improving customer service that you make them a permanent part of your organization chart. You are:
refreezing
The method that uses a number of variables to predict sales and numbers of employees is: quantitative analysis regression analysis the productivity index the qualitative index
regression analysis.
Clan control is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
rigid employee procedures
In understanding how roles in groups are derived, the people, such as bosses and customers, who send messages to others about what they expect are called
role senders
Organic organizations can sometimes be uncomfortable places to work because
rules are not clearly known or understood.
You are a first-line manager at the Wausau Widget Works, but you like to go directly to the company CEO with problems because you do not trust middle management. Despite your good intentions, you are violating your company's
scalar chain.
Which of the following refers to assigning the work to be done to departments or to specific machines or persons?
scheduling
Measuring actual performance in the context of specific activities that management wishes to control is the step in the control process.
second
When a group of employees is put together and is made responsible for a whole work process, designed to give them a feeling of ownership of a whole job, it is called a
self directed work team
All of the following are examples of financial control EXCEPT
standard cost accounting systems.
The organizational structure associated with narrow spans of control is the
tall organization.
Vanita points out during the meeting that the group has fallen a half hour behind schedule according to the agenda, and should get back to the important work at hand. Vanita is performing a ______ role.
task
Which of the following refers to a temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change?
task force
All of the following supervisor qualities support motivation EXCEPT
task orientation.
Which of the following refers to a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, set of performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable?
team
When management has resistant individuals join a change team, specifically to reduce their ability to resist change, it is using what technique?
Co-optation
In the academic world, deans will often appoint troublesome faculty members to advisory committees. This practice usually makes use of what two techniques to reduce resistance to change?
Co-optation and participation
Which of the following refers to an organizationally based source of power derived from a leader's control over punishments or the capacity to deny rewards?
Coercive power
What name is given to the tendency of group members to unite in their pursuit of group goals and to be attracted to the group and each other?
Cohesiveness
An car manufacturer is likely an example of which type of layout design?
Combination of process and product layout
Which of the following refers to the use of computer software to control machine tools and related machinery in the manufacturing of products?
Computer-assisted manufacturing
What term describes a group of theories that assume that workers are motivated by the desire to satisfy needs and that seek to identify what their needs are?
Content theories
Which of the following refers to a process whereby employees may not initially agree with a manager's assessment of their developmental level, thus requiring a leader's skill in arriving at an assessment consensus and an agreed-upon leadership style?
Contracting for leadership style
Which of the following is NOT an internal feedback mechanism that can signal that the organization needs to change in response to environmental forces?
Customer surveys
Which of the following is NOT an example of an internal force that may affect an organization?
Customers
What term describes the process of providing employees with the ability to contribute input and take on responsibilities for organizational decisions?
Empowerment
What term describes a theory stating that the extent to which people are willing to contribute to an organization depends on their assessment of the fairness of the rewards they will receive in exchange?
Equity theory
Which of the following is NOT one of the four basic types of reinforcement?
Expectancy
Which of the following channels of communication would be most appropriate when a manager has to fire an employee?
Face to face
A company pursuing a strategy of product innovation will generally find a functional organizational structure most supportive of its goals.
False
A compressed work week allows a company to take advantage of the skills of two people in performing the job.
False
A dean's comment to a faculty member that he stopped by during office hours and did not find the faculty member there might be enough to enforce a norm that professors are expected to honor office hours and is an example of how a critical event in a group's history can develop norms.
False
All groups are teams, but not all teams are groups.
False
An advantage of job specialization in the modern era is that it has virtually eliminated fatigue injuries like carpel tunnel syndrome.
False
Despite its relatively limited outcomes, delegation is very widely used.
False
Even though charismatic leaders are usually excellent communicators (so-called silver-tongued devils")
False
Expectancy theory involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself.
False
Flextime gives employees more flexibility in selecting the hours they work and also reduces overall the total number of hours worked.
False
Free-riding tends to increase as group size decreases.
False
Henri Fayol's model of organizational change grew out of a technique called force field analysis that depicts the driving and restraining forces on an organization.
False
In mass technology, the firm makes small numbers of goods in response to a specific customer request.
False
In overcoming resistance to change, co-optation involves having resistant individuals join the change team so that they can truly participate in the change process.
False
In overcoming resistance to change, it is not important to understand why resistance occurs; it is only important to deal with it.
False
In the long run, getting employee participation in change decisions and increased involvement in all aspects of the change is not particularly helpful in overcoming resistance.
False
Individuals who have an external locus of control believe they largely control what happens to them; those with an internal locus of control believe that their lives are more controlled by fate, luck, chance, or significant other people.
False
It has been said that leadership influences the brain, while management encourages the heart and spirit.
False
Job-centered leaders are generally more effective than employee-centered leaders.
False
Maslow's hierarchy lists the needs people strive to fill, with the most basic needs at the top.
False
Motivation has surprisingly little impact on the relationships within an organization.
False
One of the advantages of the job enlargement approach to job design is that it adds complexity and challenge to a worker's job.
False
Organizing work may be considered a relatively minor activity of management.
False
Productivity is important from a national perspective because there is a close relationship between a country's productivity and its level of security.
False
Research on leader-member exchange theory has found that in-group members perform more poorly, have lower levels of satisfaction, higher turnover, and are promoted more slowly than out-group members.
False
Social learning theory maintains that employees learn only through direct experience.
False
Specific aspects of Lewin's model of organizational change include survey feedback, process consultation, team and intergroup development, role negotiation, life and career planning, third-party peacemaking, techno-structural redesign, job design, and grid OD.
False
The key aspect of Lewin's model of change is that system elements, both inputs and processes, interact with one another such that changes in one part of the system can cause radical changes in another part of the system.
False
The process concerned with linking subunits on the same level in the organization is known as vertical integration.
False
The widespread practice of using email to communicate has decreased the potential for conflicts arising from poor communication or misunderstandings.
False
Transactional leaders often appeal to higher ideals and ethical values such as truthfulness, transparency, fairness, and diversity.
False
Which of the following monitors the firm's outputs, the results of the transformation process?
Feedback (or post-action) control
Which of the following is the best way to manage virtual teams?
Focus on what is accomplished, not hours or locations.
What term describes the tendency of some individuals to perform at less than their optimum in groups, relying instead on others to carry their share of the workload?
Free riding
You put together a foreign policy team made up of twelve Ivy-League Ph.D.s, who all went through the same Ph.D. program. They are the best and brightest. The foreign policy they develop is likely to show the effects of
Group think
Which of the following characteristics relates to cross-functional groups?
Groups that cut across the firm's hierarchy and are composed of people from different functional areas and possibly different levels
Andrea led a team that has just finished up a very challenging research project that will assist management in developing long range plans. Despite the stress of the past few months, a few people now seem sad it's over. Now Andrea should
Have an awards ceremony
What term describes a combination of several different structures and the most common form of organizational structure?
Hybrid structure
Which of the following characteristics relates to management control?
Includes all activities an organization undertakes to ensure that its actions lead to achievement of its objectives
An introverted person who refuses to communicate face-to-face and who relies exclusively on written communications presents what type of personal barrier to effective communication?
Individual characteristics
When an individual simply has too many jobs to perform, he or she is suffering from what environmental barrier to communication?
Information overload
Which of the following refers to the act of introducing a new product, method, process, or approach?
Innovation
What is designed to facilitate functioning between two or more groups by helping the groups understand and deal with areas of conflict; debilitating interaction patterns; perceptual discrepancies; norm, goal, and value differences; and lack of coordination?
Intergroup team building
Which of the following characteristics distinguishes a team from the traditional definition of a group?
It has a common purpose and goals and holds itself mutually accountable.
You are a home builder, and one of your carpenters tells you that he can double his productivity if you will let him do all the carpentry on an entire house. You take him up on his offer, and his productivity doubles. What technique have you, or has he, used?
Job enrichment
What focuses on changing the nature of how tasks are performed and often entails job rotation, job enrichment, and/or job enlargement?
Job redesign
The behavioral scientist who viewed the change process as a modification of the forces that keep a system's behaviors stable was
Kurt Lewin.
What name is given to a description of how leaders develop "unique" working relationships with each of their employees, based on the nature of their social exchanges?
Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory
Which of the following characteristics relates to facilitators?
Leaders who help the group overcome internal obstacles or difficulties so that it may achieve desired outcomes
Which of the following refers to aspects of the task, subordinates, or organization that have the effect of paralyzing, destroying, or counteracting the effect of a leadership behavior?
Leadership neutralizers
What name is given to a measurement of a leader's style consisting of a series of adjective continuums?
Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) Scale
What are job-centered leaders?
Less-effective managers, who are mostly directive in their approaches and more concerned with closely supervising employees, explaining work procedures, and monitoring progress in task accomplishment
The comprehensive model of planned change idea that it is necessary to prepare people for change is very similar to
Lewin's unfreezing step.
All of the following are examples of mandatory protection programs EXCEPT: life insurance workers' compensation Social security unemployment compensation
Life insurance
You are a loan officer at Last National Bank. A new customer applies for a 180-day loan. You are concerned about the borrower's ability to repay the loan on time. What type of ratio analysis would best ease your concerns?
Liquidity
What term describes accurately receiving and understanding information?
Listening
A management professor with no management experience may suffer from what personal barrier to communication effectiveness?
Low credibility
Which of the following refers to a computerized system that helps a company control all of its resources, not just inventory needed for production?
Manufacturing-resource planning
When a growing company emphasizes improving efficiency and profitability, it has reached the stage in the organization life cycle known as: Growth Maturity Revival Consolidation
Maturity
Your company's work teams have won national awards for making the finest widgets ever seen. Your loyal and productive workers have never been more proud of their work. What important characteristic of motivation is probably at an all-time high at your company?
Morale
When there is a large market for an organization's products and ready availability of funds needed to continue operations, its environment is said to be: Munificent Dynamic Turbulent Stable
Munificent
The idea that corporate revolutions are started from the top, often by a small and tight group of people, was advanced by management professor
Noel Tichy
What term describes anything acting as an information filter, such as knowledge, attitudes, and other factors, that interferes with the message being communicated effectively?
Noise
What are prescriptions for appropriate behavior of group members that help reduce the disruption and chaos that would ensue if group members didn't know how to act?
Norms
What is meant by negotiation?
Occurs when two or more parties discuss a problem with the intent to resolve differences and come up with a solution
What term describes the regulation of one or more individual operating systems within an organization?
Operations control
What name is given to a system-wide application of behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of organizational strategies, structures, and processes for improving an organization's effectiveness?
Organizational development (OD)
Which of the following characteristics relates to reward power?
Organizational power that stems from a person's ability to bestow rewards
What are consideration behaviors?
Patterns of being friendly and supportive by listening to employees' problems, supporting their actions, "going to bat" for them, and getting their input on a variety of issues
In Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model, which of the following is NOT a characteristic that determines a job's potential to motivate?
Pay level
Which of the following refers to the choosing of stimuli from the environment for further processing and is also known as filtering or screening?
Perceptual selection
Which of the following refers to the difference between an organization's desired and actual performance levels?
Performance gap
Which of the following refers to the stage in which members have reached a level of maturity that facilitates total task involvement?
Performing stage
What name is given to a person's ability to satisfy or deny satisfaction of another's need, based on an interpersonal relationship between individuals or on his or her personal characteristics?
Personal power
Which of the following refers to tests that qualify an individual's placement in manually and physically demanding jobs? Physical examinations Ability tests Integrity tests Performance or work-sample tests
Physical examinations
What name is given to the deliberate structuring of operations and behaviors, often in anticipation of environmental forces?
Planned change
You are establishing a method of compensation for your employees that is quantifiable. You want this method to be fair in reflecting the employees' worth to the company relative to certain factors required by the job. This method is best described as the: Point Method Survey Method Ranking Method Grading Method
Point Method
Which of the following refers to focusing on the dynamic task-related processes—how a client or group sets goals, gathers information, solves problems, and allocates work—and assists the client organization in diagnosing how to enhance these kinds of processes?
Process consultation
What is it called when firms organize the transformation process into departments that group related processes?
Process layout
What name is given to groups similar to task forces, but usually responsible for running an operation and in control of a specific work project?
Project teams
What name is given to managers take information from the two financial statements (balance sheets and income statements) so that they can measure the company's efficiency, profitability, and sources of finances relative to those of other organizations?
Ratio analysis
What is meant by total productivity?
Reflects all the inputs used to obtain an output(s)
What stabilizes the organization at a new state of behavioral equilibrium?
Refreezing
What name is given to a process theory that assumes that behavior may be reinforced by relating it to its consequences?
Reinforcement theory
What term describes behaviors such as being considerate, supportive, and helpful to employees by showing trust and confidence, listening to employees' problems and suggestions, showing appreciation for contributions, and supporting employees' concerns?
Relationship-oriented behaviors
What name is given to the behaviors expected of a specific group member?
Roles
Less rich communication channels are most useful for which of the following types of messages?
Routine
Which of the following refers to assigning the work to be done to departments or to specific machines or persons?
Scheduling
Your job is to match people with positions. In order to do this, you systematically gather information about applicants from applications, interviews, testing, and references. This describes the process of: training planning recruiting selection
Selection
Which of the following refers to an intact group of employees who are responsible for a whole work process or segment that delivers a good or service to an internal or external customer?
Self-directed work team (SDWT)
Since authority relationships usually flow down an organizational chart, this organizing activity is sometimes known as
Since authority relationships usually flow down an organizational chart, this organizing activity is sometimes known as
What term describes the process by which an individual learns the norms, values, goals, and expectations of the organization?
Socialization
What are pivotal norms?
Standards that are critical for group success
Which of the following characteristics relates to organic organizations?
Structures that are less formal, fairly simple, and decentralized
A change program that involves improving basic customer service techniques, for lower-level employees only, is an example of which dimension of organizational change?
Target of change
Which of the following refers to a temporary group of employees responsible for bringing about a particular change?
Task force
Which of the following refers to behaviors—such as planning and scheduling work, coordinating employee activities, and providing necessary supplies, equipment, and technical assistance—designed primarily and specifically to get tasks completed?
Task-oriented behaviors
What term involves using structured group experiences to help ongoing work teams function more effectively through better decision making, goal setting, and intragroup communications?
Team building
What term describes a large-scale intervention that involves redesigning the organizational structure to better address environmental contingencies and better utilize information and process technologies?
Techno-structural redesign
To find out if applicants have the specific KSAs during the selection process, many organizations use: Employment applications Employment agencies Tests Resumes
Tests
What is meant by the term production?
The activities and processes used in making tangible products
Which of the following characteristics relates to purchasing?
The buying of all the materials needed by the organization
Which of the following best describes quality?
The degree to which a good or service meets the demands and requirements of the marketplace
Which of the following characteristics relates to operations management?
The development and administration of the activities involved in transforming resources into goods and services
In which of the following conditions should constructive conflict be stimulated?
The group seems to be apathetic.
Which of the following characteristics relates to leadership?
The process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group toward the achievement of a goal
Which of the following characteristics best describes communication?
The process through which information and meaning are transferred from one person to another
Nonverbal communications often tell us what about the sender?
The sender's emotional state
What is a gossip chain?
The spreading of information by one person to many others
Which of the following characteristics relates to downward communication?
The spreading of information by one person to many others
Which of the following characteristics relates to the norming stage?
The stage when conflicts are largely resolved and harmony ensues
Which of the following characteristics relates to downward communication?
The traditional flow of information from upper organizational levels to lower levels, such as job directions, assignment of tasks, performance feedback, and information concerning the organization's goals
Which of the following is NOT an important reason that self-directed work teams are given special attention in Chapter 13?
They produce a more congenial and happy group of employees who like their employer.
Nordstrom's department store chain emphasizes the great lengths to which it goes in customer service, an example of which of these reasons to enforce norms?
To emphasize the group's important values
What name is given to the process of instructing employees in their job tasks and socializing them into the organization's values, attitudes, and other aspects of its culture? Training Performance appraisal Orientation Job Analysis
Training
What term describes a style that goes beyond mere exchange relationships by inspiring employees to look beyond their own self-interests and by generating awareness and acceptance of the group's purposes and mission?
Transformational leadership
A large and complex company can become chaotic quickly, so it will tend to write down rules and procedures and enforce the chain of command (high formalization).
True
Which of the following characteristics relates to organizational change?
Any modification in the behaviors or ideas of an organization or its units
A special case of groupthink is known as the Amarillo Paradox, where the group agrees publicly on a course of action it really doesn't want.
True
According to Fiedler's contingency theory, if a leader's style does not match the situation, then either the situation should be changed or another leader should be found who does match the situation.
True
All organizations must have authority and reporting relationships to identify positions that direct and coordinate the activities of other positions.
True
An organization can be thought of as a means of more easily performing tasks that are essential for achieving an objective.
True
The primary weakness of the matrix structure is
that each team member reports to two bosses.
In general, the more heterogeneous the members of a group are,
the better the group will be able to solve problems.
The key aspect of model is that system elements, both inputs and processes, interact with one another such that changes in one part of the system can cause radical changes in another part of the system.
the congruence
The defining characteristic of a self-directed work team is
the extent to which it is empowered by management.
Many of your employees and managers have told you that there is a serious lack of communication channels throughout your organization. You plan to take action, but, in the meantime, you can be sure
the grapevine will be very active in your firm.
A basic idea in the comprehensive model is that the change process begins with
the recognition of a need for change.
Two of your employees, Joe and Sally, are always fighting. It drives you crazy. Your consultant, Dr. John Jones, rewrites their job descriptions and holds a meeting with them in which they agree there will be less conflict between them because their jobs are clearer. In terms of OD interventions, his primary role has been
third-party peacemaking.
Which budgeting process has the advantage of being able to take a broad, corporate perspective and is relatively quick and inexpensive because it involves relatively few people?
top-down budgeting
The focus of screening control is on the
transformation process
A special case of groupthink is known as the Amarillo Paradox, where the group agrees publicly on a course of action it really doesn't want.
true
According to Fiedler's contingency theory, if a leader's style does not match the situation, then either the situation should be changed or another leader should be found who does match the situation.
true
As the trait approach to leadership waned, two major dimensions of leader behavior emerged from new research: (1) how leaders get the job done and (2) how leaders treat their subordinates.
true
In actual practice, budgeting often involves the extensive use of incremental budgeting, the process of merely adjusting the previous period's budget to arrive at the new plan of control.
true
Manufacturers and service providers differ in the nature and consumption of their output.
true
Most managers agree that employees are an organization's most valuable resource.
true
Organizational development is by its nature a flexible, adaptive, ongoing process of diagnosing and solving people-related problems.
true
Performance standards should reflect organizational strategy.
true
Recent developments in management practice have resulted in less sharing of responsibility and diminished employee empowerment.
true
Robots, otherwise known as steel-collar workers, have become important in applications too hazardous for human workers.
true
Routing usually must be determined prior to scheduling.
true
Termination for-cause occurs when an individual's job behavior is unacceptable.
true
The biggest takeaway of the situational leadership theory is that management styles depend on the situation of where employees are at in their development.
true
The most common form of quality assurance team in American industry is the quality circle (QC).
true
There are three different types of inventory to manage: finished goods, work-in-process, and raw materials.
true
When an organization uses a hybrid structure, the structure can be any combination of multidivisional, functional, or holding company forms.
true
While just-in-time-inventory management promises lower costs, for such an approach to be effective, the supplier must be extremely reliable and relatively close to the production facility.
true
The psychological or emotional phenomenon that underlies the entire concept of empowerment and self-directed work teams is
trust
With regard to leadership and management, most American companies today appear to be
under-led and over-managed.
In applying reinforcement theory, one of the problems in punishing unacceptable behavior is that punishment may produce
undesirable long-term side effects.
Characteristics of service providers include all of the following EXCEPT
uniformity of inputs.
One of your widget workers, Willy, loves to be praised for his hard work. While you can't praise him for every widget he makes, you stop by once or twice a week when you see him completing a widget, to praise him. You well understand the power of
variable-ratio and variable-interval reinforcement.
Since authority relationships usually flow down and organizational chart, this organizing activity is sometimes known as
vertical or scalar organization.
A team that consists of members who interact by computer network to collaborate on projects is called a(n)
virtual team
