Latin 20 - Medicine and Science

When were the standards set by Alexandrian doctors finally improved upon in Western Europe?

150 years ago

In what area did they make great strides?

All sciences, especially medecine

What were Herophilus's specialties?

Anatomy

How did the Alexandrian scientists improve upon astronomy?

Attempt to calculate distance between Earth and Sun

Where was astronomy developed?

Babylonia and Egypt

What do we still use of Hippocrates's today?

Doctor and patient confidentiality

What was the Greek view of studying the body?

External

In what field did the Romans make vast improvements?

Field of sanitation

Because of his prolific work, what is Hippocrates regarded as?

Founder of medical science

What were 8 devices widely used in the Mediterranean world from the third century on?

Gears, levels, pulleys, pumps, screws, siphons, springs, valves

List the areas of study of Euclid and Eratosthenes.

Geometry

What type of center did Alexandria become shortly after its founding?

Health and medicine

What did Greek doctors insist on to reduce infection?

High standards of cleanliness

What two famous Alexandrian astronomers believed in the pseudo-science of the Chaldeans?

Hipparchus and Ptolemy

What was the Egyptian attitude toward the body?

Internal - because of mummifying

Where and when did Hippocrates live?

Island of Cos, 5th century BC

What were two effective ancient remedies?

Juice of poppy (opium) to relieve pain, and unwashed sheep's wool containing lanolin to reduce swellling

What were scholars to do there?

Learn and teach

List at least 4 ancient procedures still practiced today.

Make incisions, tie veins and arteries, reset broken bones with splints, and stitch up wounds

For what other field was the Museum famous?

Mathematics

What did the Romans organize for their soldiers?

Medical service for army

Who was Herophilus?

Most famous Alexandrian anatomist

How did Hippocrates accomplish this feat?

Observing his patients' symptoms and try to discover their cause

What were the Chaldeans' basic beliefs?

Positions and movements of planets and Sun affected or represented events of Earth, and it was possible to predict Earthly happening by analyzing astrology

What did the Chaldeans develop and when?

Pseudo-science of astrology, in 3000 BC

What had Hippocrates already done for medicine?

Said disease is a natural cause, not a superstitious cause

Describe the ancient procedure for tonsillectomies.

Take tonsils out with fingers - if you can't do that, use a hook to pull the tonsils out

What Alexandrian observation did Copernicus rediscover and when?

The Earth was round and rotated around the Sun

What attracted scholars from all over the Greek world?

The library

For what three possible reasons did the Alexandrians and Romans not take advantage of their scientific discoveries?

They didn't need machines because of slaves/trade and manufacturing was less dignified than scientific research/didn't have enough technical skills to do so

Because of this attitude about studying the internal body, why would scholars come to Alexandria?

To study anatomy

What were some unusual treatments for chilblains and toothache?

Turnips, and using tools to smash decaying teeth

Describe 3 of Hero's engineering devices.

Waterclock, steam turbine, hollow altar