Latin 20 - Medicine and Science
When were the standards set by Alexandrian doctors finally improved upon in Western Europe?
150 years ago
In what area did they make great strides?
All sciences, especially medecine
What were Herophilus's specialties?
Anatomy
How did the Alexandrian scientists improve upon astronomy?
Attempt to calculate distance between Earth and Sun
Where was astronomy developed?
Babylonia and Egypt
What do we still use of Hippocrates's today?
Doctor and patient confidentiality
What was the Greek view of studying the body?
External
In what field did the Romans make vast improvements?
Field of sanitation
Because of his prolific work, what is Hippocrates regarded as?
Founder of medical science
What were 8 devices widely used in the Mediterranean world from the third century on?
Gears, levels, pulleys, pumps, screws, siphons, springs, valves
List the areas of study of Euclid and Eratosthenes.
Geometry
What type of center did Alexandria become shortly after its founding?
Health and medicine
What did Greek doctors insist on to reduce infection?
High standards of cleanliness
What two famous Alexandrian astronomers believed in the pseudo-science of the Chaldeans?
Hipparchus and Ptolemy
What was the Egyptian attitude toward the body?
Internal - because of mummifying
Where and when did Hippocrates live?
Island of Cos, 5th century BC
What were two effective ancient remedies?
Juice of poppy (opium) to relieve pain, and unwashed sheep's wool containing lanolin to reduce swellling
What were scholars to do there?
Learn and teach
List at least 4 ancient procedures still practiced today.
Make incisions, tie veins and arteries, reset broken bones with splints, and stitch up wounds
For what other field was the Museum famous?
Mathematics
What did the Romans organize for their soldiers?
Medical service for army
Who was Herophilus?
Most famous Alexandrian anatomist
How did Hippocrates accomplish this feat?
Observing his patients' symptoms and try to discover their cause
What were the Chaldeans' basic beliefs?
Positions and movements of planets and Sun affected or represented events of Earth, and it was possible to predict Earthly happening by analyzing astrology
What did the Chaldeans develop and when?
Pseudo-science of astrology, in 3000 BC
What had Hippocrates already done for medicine?
Said disease is a natural cause, not a superstitious cause
Describe the ancient procedure for tonsillectomies.
Take tonsils out with fingers - if you can't do that, use a hook to pull the tonsils out
What Alexandrian observation did Copernicus rediscover and when?
The Earth was round and rotated around the Sun
What attracted scholars from all over the Greek world?
The library
For what three possible reasons did the Alexandrians and Romans not take advantage of their scientific discoveries?
They didn't need machines because of slaves/trade and manufacturing was less dignified than scientific research/didn't have enough technical skills to do so
Because of this attitude about studying the internal body, why would scholars come to Alexandria?
To study anatomy
What were some unusual treatments for chilblains and toothache?
Turnips, and using tools to smash decaying teeth
Describe 3 of Hero's engineering devices.
Waterclock, steam turbine, hollow altar