LC Quiz 6

Which statement about influenza vaccination is not true?

ACIP has recommended restricting use of annual influenza immunization to high risk individuals. All of these statements are true except 'D'. Because of wide prevalence, and the favorable impact of "herd immunity' on prevention of influenza, in 2010 ACIP recommended universal vaccination of all persons over 6 months of age.

Pinkbook

CDC publication with detailed vaccine information for healthcare professionals

Yellow Book

CDC publication with information on vaccines and diseases for global travelers

Influenza

Highly contagious orthomyxovirus transmitted by respiratory secretions

Pertussis

Cyclic outbreaks every 3-5 years in the US

Hepatitis B

Infection at early age correlated with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

What is true about human papillomavirus?

HPV types 16 and 18 cause the majority of cases of cervical cancer The HPV (human papillomavirus) is responsible for most of the cases of cervical cancer, anal cancer, vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, penile cancer, and genital warts. HPV types 16 and 18 cause 70% of all cervical cancers, and HPV types 6 and 11 cause 90% of genital warts.

Which vaccine is highly recommended, but not required by the state of Maryland for school?

Influenza At present, three doses of HepB vaccine, four doses of DTaP, and one dose of VAR is required to enter school. While influenza immunization is highly recommended, at present it is not required by the state of Maryland for school entry. Physicians who treat children are generally very busy in August and September com pleting immunization forms for schools.

Which of the following immunizations protects against a virus or viruses?

MMR The Hib vaccine protects against Haemophilus influenzae, a bacteria that is spread through respiratory secretions and which causes bacteremia, pneumonia, epiglottitis, and bacterial meningitis in children. The DTap vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis which are all caused by bacteria. The pneumococcal vaccines protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae, a bacteria that is the most common cause of meningitis, pneumonia, and otitis media in children, and pneumo nitis and sepsis in adults. The MMR vaccine protects against measles (paramyxovirus), mumps (paramyxoviris) and rubella (togavirus), all spread chiefly by respiratory secretions.

Rotavirus

Most common cause of diarrhea in young children

Immunization Action Coalition (IAC)

Non-profit agency that provides forms, information and education boost immunization rates and awareness

Which of the following bacteria is not protected against by the Tdap vaccine?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa The Tdap vaccine protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis and should be given around the age of 12. After the Tdap, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) boosters should be given every 10 years. The Tdap is a "booster" shot for the DTaP vaccine which is given to younger children between 2 months and 6 years. Compared to DTaP, the Tdap vaccine has lower concentrations of the diphtheria and pertussis toxoids to reduce adverse effects.

Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

Sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and makes recommendations for vaccine use in the US

What is the recommended age for administration of the meningococcal vaccine?

The meningococcal vaccine is recommended for everyone at age 11-12 years. The meningococcal vaccine protects against the bacteria Neisseria meningitidis, which is a leading cause of meningitis among young adults. It is spread though respiratory secretions and outbreaks tend to occur in close living quarters, such as college dormitories or military bases. Common symptoms are headache, fever, neck stiffness, delirium, vomiting, photophobia, and phonophobia. The meningococcal vaccine should be administered at age 11-12 years with a booster dose at 16 years.

Tetanus

Toxin-related illness with up to 20% fatality rate