Learning

________ is known for using Little Albert in his studies on human emotion.

John B. Watson

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

a rabbit knowing to run away from an unleashed dog

Negative reinforcement is illustrated by ______________.

fastening a seat belt, or letting up on reins of a horse.

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval

Examples of positive reinforcement include _____________.

food, praise, a score

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

latent

Hideki tells a lie and is grounded. He does this several times, finally learning that his behavior (lying) is associated with a consequence (being grounded). Which kind of learning is this?

operant conditioning

The law of effect states that ______________________.

Behaviors followed by consequences that are satisfying are more likely to be repeated

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

classical conditioning

Mabel clicks her tongue while tickling Francis. Eventually, Francis starts to squirm and giggle every time Mabel clicks her tongue, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, tongue clicking is a(n) ________.

conditioned stimulus

What is the reward for the cat in Thorndike's puzzle box?

escape, saying "good kitty", food

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.

extinction

What are innate behaviors that are triggered by a broader range of events, such as aging and the change of seasons?

instinctts

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.

spontaneous recovery

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

teaching yourself yoga by watching a yoga group in the park

Which of the following is an example of a reflex: an unlearned, automatic response by an organism to a stimulus in the environment?

the pupil of your eye contracting in the presence of bright light

Punishment includes the following:

time out and withholding praise are negative punishment

Darwin thought that the expressions of emotions were _____________.

unique to each culture

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

variable ratio