Learnsmart #5

The preoperational thought limitation called animism is best described by which of the following statements? -"Thunder is mad and yelling at us", "the sunshine is happy", "the tree has deep roots and long branches", "spring showers make the flowers grow"

"thunder is mad and yelling at us", "the sunshine is happy"

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is called ____

egocentrism

Kiley is a very anxious and ready for kindergarten. She is advanced in her developmental functioning. Kiley's readiness for school indicates advanced _____ functioning

executive

True or false: If a preoperational child cannot conserve volume, the child also will not be able to conserve number.

false

Children and adolescents above the BMI's 97th percentile are classified as _______ Whereas children and adolescents in the 95th or 96th percentile are considered overweight.

obese

The failure to conserve demonstrates centration and an inability to mentally _____ actions.

reverse

Vygotsky believed that ____ is central to the transition from external to internal speech. -Scaffolding, self talk, joint attention, conservation

self talk

According to Vygotsky, children who use a lot of private speech are more ___ than those who don't -Socially competent, cognitively stable, emotionally stable, egocentric

socially competent

Which theory views children as thinkers who can predict, explain, and understand themselves and others? -Erikson's psychosocial theory, psychoanalytic theory, Bandura's social cognitive theory, theory of mind

theory of mind

Vygotsky's theory maintained that language and _____ develop independently before merging.

thought

In Piaget's theory, children will construct knowledge by doing which of the following? •Transforming and organizing, organizing and collaborating, organizing and socializing, transforming and socializing

transforming and organizing

An increase in height and _____ are the two most obvious physical changes that occur during early childhood years

weight

By age 6, the brain has reached about ____ of its adult size •95%, 65%, 85%, 75%

95%

Around the age of five, children will do which of the following? -Inquire why things are the way they are, develop an interest in the ability to use reason, understand how they know what they know, use the "why" question to understand their environment

Inquire why things are the way they are, develop an interest in the ability to use reason, use the "why" question to understand their environment

According to a research study of 1,000 children aged 54 months, their ability to sustain attention is correlated with ______ •Achievement in school, social problems at school, school attendance, school readiness

achievements in school, school readiness

Marta feels sorry for the white crayon because no one ever uses it she thinks it must be sad. This is an example of Piaget's theory of _____

animism

According to Vygotsky's theory, the social ____ approach focuses on the social context of learning and the building of knowledge through social interactions.

constructivist

What are the aspects of attention that develop in early childhood? -Executive attention, extended attention, novel attention, sustained attention

executive attention, sustained attention

The preoperational thought substage that is called _____ thought is considered the period when children seek answers to all sorts of questions.

intuitive

When preschoolers seem confident in their knowledge and understanding of the world, yet are not aware of how they know this information, Piaget states that they are in the ____ substage of preoperational thought

intuitive

Kiley is three years old, What type of artwork would expect Kiley to create? •Accurate and precise, inventive and fanciful, precise and fanciful, inventive and precise

inventive and fanciful

According to Piaget, the first substage of preoperational thought is the ___ ____ substage, in which the child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present.

symbolic function

Which of these words that could best describe a typical 3-year old's drawings? -Symbolic, precise, imaginative, fanciful, realistic

symbolic, imaginative, fanciful

Put these concepts under the right constructivist theory it belongs to: (children organize and recognize previous knowledge, context and collaboration are fundamental, children organize through social interaction, language has a minimal role) •Piaget's theory: •Vygotsky's theory:

•Piaget's theory: language has a minimal role, children organize and reorganize previous knowledge •Vygotsky's theory: context and collaboration are fundamental, children organize through social interaction

Which of the following statements best describe child-centered kindergartens? •Child-centered kindergartens focus on the process of learning/ not on what is learned, child centered kindergartens downplay first hand experiences, child centered kindergartens see children as individuals with their own developmental patterns of growth, child centered kindergartens emphasize play

Child-centered kindergartens focus on the process of learning/ not on what is learned, child centered kindergartens see children as individuals with their own developmental patterns of growth, child centered kindergartens emphasize play

Vygotsky's theory of child development includes which of the following premises? •Children actively construct their knowledge and understanding, children develop cognitive skills through societal tools, children's cultural environment influences their thinking process, children develop cognitive skills through their interactions with the physical world

Children actively construct their knowledge and understanding, children develop cognitive skills through societal tools, children's cultural environment influences their thinking process

Which of the following statements best describe the key elements of Piaget's second stage of cognitive development? -Children form stable concepts and begin to reason, children are able to understand the concept of reversibility, children are able to use words to describe their world, children continue to be egocentric and have magical beliefs

Children form stable concepts and begin to reason, children are able to use words to describe their world, children continue to be egocentric and have magical beliefs

Which of the following guidelines assist parents in teaching proper eating habits to their children? •Modeling healthy eating habits, maintaining a break/lunch/dinner routine, allowing the child to bring a favorite toy to the table, Preparing a balanced meal with proper representation of the major food groups, Having the television on during dinner

Modeling healthy eating habits, maintaining a break/lunch/dinner routine,Preparing a balanced meal with proper representation of the major food groups

Which of the following statements are true about Montessori approach to early childhood education? -Montessori children are encouraged to become self-regulating problem solvers, the philosophy of the Montessori approach has gained popularity in the U.S., A Montessori teacher has a dual role as director and facilitator, Montessori programs encourage children to move freely between activities

Montessori children are encouraged to become self-regulating problem solvers, the philosophy of the Montessori approach has gained popularity in the U.S., Montessori programs encourage children to move freely between activities

Which of Vygotsky's concepts can be used in the classroom? •Using assessments to provide information on a child's zone of proximal development, use standardized tests to provide the best way to assess a child's cognitive level, focusing lessons on the upper limit of a child's zone of proximal development to teach advanced cognitive skills, using peer teaching and encouraging children to practice their skills, presenting material to children in a real-world context that connects to their everyday lives

Using assessments to provide information on a child's zone of proximal development, focusing lessons on the upper limit of a child's zone of proximal development to teach advanced cognitive skills, using peer teaching and encouraging children to practice their skills, presenting material to children in a real-world context that connects to their everyday lives

Match each activity with the appropriate age at which it can be achieved: a.3 years old b.4 years old c.5 years old 1.Climbing a low jungle gym 2.Hopping and jumping 3.Running races with friend

a. 2 b. 1 c. 3

The main cause of death in children ages 1 through 4 is _____ -Deformations, accidents, congenital malformations, chromosomal abnormalities

accidents

When given appropriate cues and prompts, young children demonstrate that they can ____ •Accurately remember a large quantity of information, accurately remember only a small quantity of information, not remember a large quantity of information, not be trusted to testify in court

accurately remember a large quantity of information

Which of the following are criticisms of Piaget's theory? •The conservation test is outdated, attention is especially important in explaining conservation, conservation appears earlier than Piaget thought, his theory cannot be confirmed by fMRI brain imaging

attention is especially important in explaining conservation, conservation appears earlier than Piaget thought

Which of the following statements best represent the typical results from Piaget's classic task of conservation involving pouring a liquid from one beaker into another beaker that is taller and thinner? •Children older than 7 usually say that the beakers contain unequal amounts of liquid, children younger than 7 usually say that the beakers contain the same amount of liquid, children younger than 7 usually say that the beakers contain unequal amounts of liquid, children older than 7 usually say that the beakers contain the same amount of liquid

children younger than 7 usually say that the beakers contain unequal amounts of liquid, children older than 7 usually say that the beakers contain the same amount of liquid

The limitation of preoperational thought of focusing attention on one characteristic while excluding all other characteristics is called _______.

concentration

As a preschool child grows older, the increase in the child's weight and height each year in terms of percentage _____

decreases

Managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self control is a description of ____ functioning -Excellent, advanced, accomplished, executive

executive

True or false: When children are demonstrating knowledge of the rules of morphology, overgeneralization does not occur.

false

Project ____ _____ is a U.S. government funded program that provides education for low income children to acquire the necessary skills for success in school

head start

During their preschool years, young children demonstrate _____ -Decreasing attention spans, increasing attention spans, no change in attention spans

increasing attention spans

Which of the following are major cognitive theories of development that address the early childhood years? -Reggio Emilia's theory, information processing theory, Vygotsky's theory, Piaget's theory

information processing theory, Vygotsky's theory, Piaget's theory

The brain grows _____ in early childhood than in infancy -More rapidly, as rapidly, less rapidly, twice as much

less rapidly

The retention of information over time is defined as____

memory

Rebecca, a six year old girl, is very good at carrying on conversations with people. Her two-year-old brother Jack is not very good at carrying on conversations. This is primarily due to an increased understanding of ______. -Pragmatics, structure, systems, practically

pragmatics

According to Lev Vygotsky, the range of tasks that are too difficult for a child to master alone but can be mastered with guidance is known as the zone of ______ development

proximal

As Trevor learns about long division, his mother first needs to help him a lot. She gradually decreases the level of support as Trevor's ability in this area grows. This is an example of ______. -Appropriate limiting, proximal assistance, frameworking, scaffolding

scaffolding

True or false: The information-processing approach offers new insights on how children process information when they are preschool-age

true