LearnSmart Ch 18

The primary classification of leukemias is based on their rate of development and duration; those that progress rapidly are called_____ leukemias, and those that develop and progress more slowly are called ____ leukemias.

- acute & chronic

leukemia _____

- is cancer or malignancy in leukocyte-forming stem cells - is characterized by abnormal proliferation of white blood cells - is characterized by abnormal development of leukocytes

Which of the following describes the function of lymphocytes?

-Coordinate immune responses-Attack abnormal body cells

If the plasma of a blood sample contains BOTH the anti-A and the anti-B antibodies, the ABO blood type is __.

0

in a healthy adult, basophils constitude about ____ % of total leukocytes

0.5-1%

in a healthy adult, basophils constitute about___% of total leukocytes

0.5-1%

Order the events that occur during the intrinsic pathway to coagulation.

1- Platelets release factor XII. 2- Factor XI changes inactive factor IX to active factor IX 3- Factor VIII changes inactive factor X to active factor X.

place the cells of the monocyte development and maturation pathway in order

1. hemocytoblast 2. myeloid stem cell 3. progenitor cell 4. monoblast 5. promonocyte 6 monocyte

order the steps of hemostasis

1. vascular spasm 2. platelet plug formation 3. coagulation phase

a neutrophil is about ______ times larger in diameter than an erythrocte; is named for its neutral or pale-staining ______ and has a light lilac colored _______

1.5 granules cytoplasm

Eosinophils are about _________times larger in diameter than an erythrocyte, and while both of these formed elements have the color red in common, the color of erythrocytes is due to hemoglobin and the color of eosinophils is due to the staining properties of cytoplasmic ___, which otherwise would be colorless.

1.5; granules

erythrocytes circulate in the bloodstream for approximately

120 days

in a neutrophil you would find a ________

2-5 lobed nucleus with lilac colored cytoplasm

in a healthy adult, _____ of leukocyes will be lymphocytes

20-40%

Basophils are about _______ times larger in diameter than erythrocytes, and while erythrocytes are the most abundant formed elements, basophils are the ________abundant.

2; least

Place the following cells in the order in which they over in the erythrocyte developmental pathway: 1- erythroblast 2- erythrocyte 3- proerythroblast 4- normoblast 5- reticulocyte

3, 1, 4, 5, 2

Match each class of plasma protein with its relative amount of the plasma protein total.

58%-->albumins 37%-->globulins 4%-->fibrinogen <1%-->regulatory proteins

from myeloid stem cell to erythrocyte, the process of erythropoiesis takes_______

6-7 days

_____ of plasma is made of plasma proteins

7%

By weight, plasma is approximately __ % protein and 92% water; other substances such as electrolytes, nutrients, gases and wastes make up a little less than __ % of plasma.

7;1

A blood sample containing erythrocytes with only surface antigen A on the plasma membrane is ABO blood type ___.

A

If the plasma of a blood sample contains anti-B, and not the anti-A antibodies, the ABO blood type is ___.

A

Math the components of whole blood, indicated in the figure, with their description

A - Plasma B - Buffy Coat C - Erythrocytes

a blood sample containing erythrocytes with both surface antigen A and surface antigen B on the plasma membrane is ABO blood type ______

AB

AB-

ABO antigen A ABO antigen B

A+

ABO antigen A anti-B antibodies Rh antigen D

A-

ABO antigen A, anti-B antibodies

AB+

ABO antigen A, ABO antigen B, Rh antigen D

B-

ABO antigen B anti-A antibodies

B+

ABO antigen B, anti-A antibodies, Rh antigen D

A hemoglobin molecule consists of two polypeptides called________ globins and two polypeptides called _________ globins.

Alpha & Beta Chains

O+

Anti-A antibodies, Anti-B antibodies, Rh antigen D

__ are Y-shaped proteins that are designed to recognize and immobilize specific antigens that are perceived as foreign to the body.

Antibodies

Identify the region of a sample of centrifuged whole blood that contains leukocytes and platelets.

B

If the plasma of a blood sample contains the anti-A, and not the anti-B antibodies, the ABO blood type is __.

B

which of the following describe lymphocyte maturation?

B-lymphoblasts develops into B- lymphocytes.T-lymphocytes develops into T lymphoblasts

Identify components of plasma that will be found in similar concentrations to that of interstital fluid.

Electrolytes, waste products, nutrients

Match each type of formed element with its life span.

Erythrocytes- 120 days. Platelets- 8-10 days. Leukocytes- hours to years.

Deconstruction of the medical term for a red blood cell reveals that the prefix _______ means "red", and the suffix ______ means "cell"

Erythros; kytes

_______ have specific granules in their cytosol that are clearly visible when viewed with a microscope

Granulocytes

Match each stem cell with the formed elements that will develop from each.

Hemocytoblast- all formed elements. Myeloid stem cell- erythrocytes, granulocytes, platelets, monocytes. Lymphoid stem cell- leukocytes of the immune response.

Match each type of anemia on the left with its description on the right

Hemorhagic anemia- occurs with blood loss from a bleeding ulcer, or heavy menstrual flow, for example. Premicious anemia-results from lack of production of gastric intrinsic factor and the resulting inability to absorb vitamin B12. Aplastic anemia- is due to damage to red bone marrow following exposure to radiation, poison, or toxin.

list the five types of leukocytes in order from most to least abundant

Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils

match the quantities on the left with the components of whole blood with which they correspond on the right

Plasma- 55%. Formed elements- 45%. Erythrocytes- 44%. Leukocytes and platelets- <1%.

Identify the Rh blood type of sample 1 in the image. sample 1 is middle column

Rh+, exposed to Rh- blood Rh+, never exposed to Rh- blood

identify the Rh blood type of sample 1 in the image, sample 1 is middle column

Rh+, exposed to Rh- blood.Rh+, never exposed to Rh- blood

Clotting factor numbers are in order of their discovery and not their position in clotting pathway.

TRUE

A vascular spasm usually lasts ________

a few minutes

As they pass through small blood vessels, erythrocytes may pack together, single-file, like a roll of coins; this formation is called ______.

a rouleau (rouleaux)

the temperature of blood is _________ body temperature measured orally or rectally.

about 1C higher than

to test compatibility of blood types between a donor and a recipient, a specific blood test called a(n) ________ test must be performed

agglutination

_______ are leukocytes that have such small specific granules in their cytosol that they are not clearly visible under the light microscope

agranulocytes

______ exert the greatest colloid osmotic pressure to maintain blood volume and blood pressure

albumins

match each type of globulin with its description

alpha globulins - small; transport li[ids and hormonesbeta globulins -large; transport hormones and lipidsgamma globulins - also known as antibodies; produced by immune cells and can bind to antigens of pathogen

O-

anti-A antibodies anti-B antibodies

When erythrocytes are removed from circulation, the global proteins and erythrocyte membrane proteins

are broken down into amino acids that can be used to make new proteins.

when a person's lymphocyte count is elevated, they have recently.

been infected by foreign cells. had the flu

the nucleus of an eosinophil is (are) ________

bilobed, dark-staining, surrounded by reddish cytoplasmic granules

The consequences of the clumping of erythrocytes in an agglutination reaction include

blockage of small blood vessels by the clumps, impedance of blood flow by the clumped erythrocytes, hemolysis or rupture of the erythrocytes

The term hematocrit is composed of the prefix hemato-, which means relating to the ___, and the suffix -crit, derived from kino, which means to ___.

blood; separate

the process whereby leukocytes are attracted to molecules produced by damaged or dying cells or by invading pathogens is called _______

chemotaxis

Division of blood stem cells and their development into more specific and committed precursor cells is stimulated by

colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), hormones and growth factors

Blood is described based on which of the following physical characteristics? choose all that apply

color, volume, viscosity, plasma concentration, temperature, blood pH

Correctly spell the name of each type of formed element: ___. ___, and ____.

erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

patients who are anemic may be prescribed a synthetic hormone that stimulates erythropoiesis that their kidneys no longer make in sufficients amounts. this hormone is often abused by endurance atheltes to boost their oxygen carrying capacity _______

erythropietin

When a blood smear is stained, platelets

exhibit a dark central region

Following trauma to the walls of blood vessels, ___ is converted into long, insoluble strands of ___, which help form a blood clot.

fibrinogen, fibrin

Each hemoglobin molecule can transport a maximum of _______ oxygen molecules.

four

leukopoiesis involves three different types of maturation processes;______ maturation, _____ maturation, ______ maturation.

granulocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte

when a persons neutrophil count is elevated, it is most likely because they have recently

had a bacterial infection

when a person's eosinophil count is elevated, it is most likely because they have been recently

had an allergic reaction, been infected by a parasitic worm

Most leukocytes release molecules that facilitate their role as defenders of the body. What type of substance is released by basophils?

histamine, a vasodilator & heparin, an anticoagulant

Antibodies to Rh antigen D will be found in the plasma

in an Rh- individual who has been exposed to Rh+ blood

When a lymphocyte is activated, its thin rim of blue-gray cytosol will ___ in volume and thus the size of the lymphocytes will ___

increase; increase

when some oxygen has been delivered to tissues and some carbon dioxide has been delivered to tissues and some carbon dioxide has been picked up, blood _____

is deep red in color

which of the following correctly describe erthropoietin?

it stimulates development of erythrocytes.

the best description of the nucleus of a monocyte is that it is _______

kidney or C- shaped

All of the circied cells in this figure are Figure table 18.7 leukocytes

leukocytes & granuloctyes

The cells in the organs that remove old and/or damaged erythrocytes are called ___.

macrophages

platelets are formed from megakaryocytes extensions by

mechanical shearing or splicing by blood flow

the precursor cell from which platelets are derived or formed is called a ________

megakaryocytes

the bone marrow cell from which all formed elements are derived is considered to be a _____ because many, but not all body cells can develop from it.

multipotent stem cell

the binding of _______ of hemoglobin gives arterial blood its bright red color

oxygen

The function of eosinophils is to __________

phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and allergens

the function of monocytes is to _______

phagocytize pathogens, cellular debris, and dead cells

The function of neutrophils is to _______

phagocytize pathogens, especially bacteria

Whole blood consists of

plasma and formed elements

Which components of whole blood provide protective functions for the body?

plasma, platelets, leukocytes

The erythrocytes of an individual who is Rh positive (Rh+) __ antigen D.

possesses

Antibodies ______

recognize antigens that are not normally found in your plasma recognize and immobilize foreign antigens are proteins

What types of regulatory functions are performed by blood?

regulation of pH tissue fluid, regulation of body temperature, regulation of body fluid levels

most leukocytes release molecules that facilitate their role as defenders of the body. the type of substance released by eosinophils is(are)

substances that attack parasitic worms

The alternate medical term for 'platelet' is _______

thrombocyte

Identify the substance that stimulates events in the platelet developmental pathway.

thrombopoietin

when erythrocytes are removed from circulation, the iron hemoglobin is transported in the blood by the globulin protein_____ and stored in the liver by the protein____

transferrin. ferritin

The overall functions of alpha globulins and beta globulins include _______

transporting metals and ions, transporting water-insoluble molecules, and transporting hormones

which answer describe hemoglobin? hemoglobin ______

transports both oxygen and carbon dioxideIs a protien Is suspended in the cytosol of erythrocytes. is a pigment

the functions of basophils is (are)

vasodilation and anticoagulation

Identify the types of substances transported by blood

waste products, hormones, formed elements, dissolved materials, ions

leukocytes are classified according to _______

whether or not cytoplasmic granules are visible when the cells in the blood smear are stained