LEARNSMART CHAPTER 3 INQUIRY INTO LIFE 14TH EDITION
Mitochondria use carbohydrates to produce
ATP
What molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy dependent cellular reactions?
ATP
Long and thin flexible fibers that account for the formation of pseudopods used by some cells in order to move in an amoebold fashion
Actin filaments
What are the components of the cytoskeleton?
Actin filaments, Intermediate filaments, and microtubules
Based on evolutionary relationships, which is more likely ancestor to eukaryotic cells?
Archaeans
Which of the following have undergone adaptation to the most extreme habitats on earth?
Archaeans
In the plasma membrane of a prokaryote, the phospholipids are arranged in a
Bilayer
Relates to the role of microtobules in a eukaryotic cell
Cell shape, cilia and flagella, and oganelle movement
The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called
Cellulose
The main microtubule organizing center for a eukaryotic cell that lies near the nucleus is called the
Centrosome
Which of these is a pigment located within the thylakoid membrane that functions to capture solar energy
Chlorophyll
The process of photosynthesis occurs within which organelles?
Chloroplasts
What two eukaryotic organelles function to convert energy into a form that cells can use
Chloroplasts and mitochondria
Chromatic is divided into threadlike structures called
Chromosomes
The most commonly used light microscope is a
Compound light microscope
In a bacterial cell, ribosomes are located in the
Cytoplasm
Transmission and scanning are types of
Electron microscopes
Proposal that chloroplasts and mitochondria have bacterial ancestors is called the
Endosymbiotic theory
A cell that has numerous mitochondria is most likely a cell that needs a large amount of
Energy
Three different types of cells that exist in nature are...
Eukaryotes, archaeans, and prokaryotes
Mushrooms, humans, oak trees, and protists are composed of what kind of cell?
Eukaryotic cell
Proteins are made at structures called
Ribosomes
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with
Ribosomes
First scientist to use term "cell"
Robert Hooke
What action involves the release of materials from the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane?
Secretion
Which is true about the cilia?
Shorter than flagella and they beat together in a coordinated matter
The main function of a vacuole is
Storage
The fluid-filled space inside a chloroplasts is called the
Stroma
As cell size increases, surface area-to-volume ratio
decreases
Molecules that can attach, detach, and reattach to actin filaments to produce movement are called
motor molecules
In a bacterial cell, the chromosome is located in a region called the
nucleoid
Bacterial chromosomes are located in the
nucleoid region of the cell
A nuclear pore is best described as an
opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes both have
organelles
Bacterial ribosomes are generally a good target for antibiotic drugs because
prokaryotic ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes
The rough ER is involved wit the production of
Protein molecules
Many prokaryotic cells contain small rings of accessory DNA called
Plasmids
One micrometers is equal to how many nanometers?
1000
Where are ribosomes typically located in a cell?
Free in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
Post office of the cell
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle determines whether proteins need to be retained within a cell or secreted?
Golgi apparatus
Components of the endomembrane system
Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and endoplasmic reticulum
Cytoskeletal filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called
Intermediate filaments
Functions of lysosomes include
Intracellular digestion and autodigestion
A group of ribosomes that are attached to a single mRNA are called a
Polyribosomes
The smooth ER synthesizes primarily
Lipid molecules
Which organelle is formed in the Golgi apparatus?
Lysosome
Organelles that function in intracellular digestion
Lysosomes
What is the function of the centriole?
Microtubule assembly and disassembly
Both cilia and flagella are composed of what type of cytoskeletal component?
Microtubules
Centrioles are formed from what?
Microtubules
Archaeal and bacterial cells are...
Prokaryotic cells
In a eukaryotic cell, within which organelle does cellular respiration occur?
Mitochondria
Organelles that are found in animal cells
Mitochondria, nucleoli, centrioles, and plasma membrane
Which organelle is often referred to as the "power plant of the cell?"
Mitochondrion
From which parent(s) are mitochondrial genes inherited?
Mother
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum is called the
Nuclear envelope
A darkly staining region that may appear in the nucleus of a cell is called a
Nucleolus
The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called
Nucleoplasm
The cell organelle that contains the genetic material in a Eukaryotic cell is called the
Nucleus
The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called the
Nucleus envelope
The small structure within cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions are called
Organelles
Bacterial cell walls contain which complex molecule composed of carbohydrate chains connected by peptides
Peptidoglycan
Liver and kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins, as a result they contain high numbers of
Peroxisomes
Vesicles that function in the metabolism of fatty acids in a cell are called
Peroxisomes
Components of the plasma membrane of prokaryotes
Phospholipids and proteins
The formula, solar energy + carbon dioxide + water -> carbohydrate + oxygen, represents which cellular reaction?
Photosynthesis
During the evolutionary development of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope and membranous organelles may have developed from the
Plasma membrane
One side of the Golgi apparatus is directed toward the endoplasmic reticulum, while the other faces the
Plasma membrane
The main cellular structure that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell
Plasma membrane
Organelles or structures that are found in plant cells
Plasma membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, mitochondrion, vacuole
True or false: Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA like chromosomes found in a prokaryotic cell
TRUE
Basic unit of living organisms
The cell
What would be the result if a cell was unable to form a spindle apparatus
The cell would be unable to seperate its chromosomes during cell division
The main microtubule organizing center for a eukaryotic cell that lies near the nucleus is called
The centrosome
Which internal cellular membranes that contain light-sensitive pigments needed for photosynthesis
Thylakoids
Which protein forms microtubules in the cell?
Tubulin
An organism that consists of a single cell is said to be
Unicellular
A large membranous sac located in the cytoplasm of a cell
Vacuole
Components of Cytoplasms
Water, salts, dissolved organic molecules
bacteria typically only has one
chromosome
A vesical that contains hydolyric digestic enzymes is called a
lysosome
The inner fluid-filled space of a mitochondrion is called the
matrix