LEARNSMART CHAPTER 3 INQUIRY INTO LIFE 14TH EDITION

Mitochondria use carbohydrates to produce

ATP

What molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy dependent cellular reactions?

ATP

Long and thin flexible fibers that account for the formation of pseudopods used by some cells in order to move in an amoebold fashion

Actin filaments

What are the components of the cytoskeleton?

Actin filaments, Intermediate filaments, and microtubules

Based on evolutionary relationships, which is more likely ancestor to eukaryotic cells?

Archaeans

Which of the following have undergone adaptation to the most extreme habitats on earth?

Archaeans

In the plasma membrane of a prokaryote, the phospholipids are arranged in a

Bilayer

Relates to the role of microtobules in a eukaryotic cell

Cell shape, cilia and flagella, and oganelle movement

The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called

Cellulose

The main microtubule organizing center for a eukaryotic cell that lies near the nucleus is called the

Centrosome

Which of these is a pigment located within the thylakoid membrane that functions to capture solar energy

Chlorophyll

The process of photosynthesis occurs within which organelles?

Chloroplasts

What two eukaryotic organelles function to convert energy into a form that cells can use

Chloroplasts and mitochondria

Chromatic is divided into threadlike structures called

Chromosomes

The most commonly used light microscope is a

Compound light microscope

In a bacterial cell, ribosomes are located in the

Cytoplasm

Transmission and scanning are types of

Electron microscopes

Proposal that chloroplasts and mitochondria have bacterial ancestors is called the

Endosymbiotic theory

A cell that has numerous mitochondria is most likely a cell that needs a large amount of

Energy

Three different types of cells that exist in nature are...

Eukaryotes, archaeans, and prokaryotes

Mushrooms, humans, oak trees, and protists are composed of what kind of cell?

Eukaryotic cell

Proteins are made at structures called

Ribosomes

The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with

Ribosomes

First scientist to use term "cell"

Robert Hooke

What action involves the release of materials from the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane?

Secretion

Which is true about the cilia?

Shorter than flagella and they beat together in a coordinated matter

The main function of a vacuole is

Storage

The fluid-filled space inside a chloroplasts is called the

Stroma

As cell size increases, surface area-to-volume ratio

decreases

Molecules that can attach, detach, and reattach to actin filaments to produce movement are called

motor molecules

In a bacterial cell, the chromosome is located in a region called the

nucleoid

Bacterial chromosomes are located in the

nucleoid region of the cell

A nuclear pore is best described as an

opening in the nuclear envelope that permits the passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes both have

organelles

Bacterial ribosomes are generally a good target for antibiotic drugs because

prokaryotic ribosomes are structurally different from eukaryotic ribosomes

The rough ER is involved wit the production of

Protein molecules

Many prokaryotic cells contain small rings of accessory DNA called

Plasmids

One micrometers is equal to how many nanometers?

1000

Where are ribosomes typically located in a cell?

Free in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Post office of the cell

Golgi apparatus

Which organelle determines whether proteins need to be retained within a cell or secreted?

Golgi apparatus

Components of the endomembrane system

Golgi apparatus, vesicles, and endoplasmic reticulum

Cytoskeletal filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called

Intermediate filaments

Functions of lysosomes include

Intracellular digestion and autodigestion

A group of ribosomes that are attached to a single mRNA are called a

Polyribosomes

The smooth ER synthesizes primarily

Lipid molecules

Which organelle is formed in the Golgi apparatus?

Lysosome

Organelles that function in intracellular digestion

Lysosomes

What is the function of the centriole?

Microtubule assembly and disassembly

Both cilia and flagella are composed of what type of cytoskeletal component?

Microtubules

Centrioles are formed from what?

Microtubules

Archaeal and bacterial cells are...

Prokaryotic cells

In a eukaryotic cell, within which organelle does cellular respiration occur?

Mitochondria

Organelles that are found in animal cells

Mitochondria, nucleoli, centrioles, and plasma membrane

Which organelle is often referred to as the "power plant of the cell?"

Mitochondrion

From which parent(s) are mitochondrial genes inherited?

Mother

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells and is connected to the endoplasmic reticulum is called the

Nuclear envelope

A darkly staining region that may appear in the nucleus of a cell is called a

Nucleolus

The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called

Nucleoplasm

The cell organelle that contains the genetic material in a Eukaryotic cell is called the

Nucleus

The double membrane that surrounds the nucleus is called the

Nucleus envelope

The small structure within cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell that perform specific functions are called

Organelles

Bacterial cell walls contain which complex molecule composed of carbohydrate chains connected by peptides

Peptidoglycan

Liver and kidney cells filter and destroy many toxins, as a result they contain high numbers of

Peroxisomes

Vesicles that function in the metabolism of fatty acids in a cell are called

Peroxisomes

Components of the plasma membrane of prokaryotes

Phospholipids and proteins

The formula, solar energy + carbon dioxide + water -> carbohydrate + oxygen, represents which cellular reaction?

Photosynthesis

During the evolutionary development of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope and membranous organelles may have developed from the

Plasma membrane

One side of the Golgi apparatus is directed toward the endoplasmic reticulum, while the other faces the

Plasma membrane

The main cellular structure that regulates the movement of materials into and out of the cell

Plasma membrane

Organelles or structures that are found in plant cells

Plasma membrane, cell wall, chloroplast, mitochondrion, vacuole

True or false: Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain circular DNA like chromosomes found in a prokaryotic cell

TRUE

Basic unit of living organisms

The cell

What would be the result if a cell was unable to form a spindle apparatus

The cell would be unable to seperate its chromosomes during cell division

The main microtubule organizing center for a eukaryotic cell that lies near the nucleus is called

The centrosome

Which internal cellular membranes that contain light-sensitive pigments needed for photosynthesis

Thylakoids

Which protein forms microtubules in the cell?

Tubulin

An organism that consists of a single cell is said to be

Unicellular

A large membranous sac located in the cytoplasm of a cell

Vacuole

Components of Cytoplasms

Water, salts, dissolved organic molecules

bacteria typically only has one

chromosome

A vesical that contains hydolyric digestic enzymes is called a

lysosome

The inner fluid-filled space of a mitochondrion is called the

matrix