Lec 1

An organ is best described as which of the following?

A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function

The "Galen of Islam" whose influential textbook was the leading authority in European medical schools for 500 years is

Avicenna

Who was the Muslim scholar that wrote the book called The Canon of Medicine?

Avicenna

Who is known as the father of the theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin

Which of the following are examples of a positive feedback mechanism?

Contractions during childbirth, blood clot,

What is the ability of nerve and muscle cells to produce quick reactions called?

Excitability

The scientific method is based on an informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and potentially proven false by experimentation or data collection.

False

Father of medicine

Hippocrates

Of the following, which one is testable, falsifiable, and consistent with what is already known?

Hypothesis

Which method of reasoning begins with a hypothesis or question and then tries to answer that question?

Hypothetico-deductive method

To be considered a scientific fact, information must be what?

Independently verified

What are the benefits of a large sample size? Select all that apply.

It controls for individual variation. It enables us to place greater confidence in the outcome. It controls for chance events.

Which of the following are the criteria for a good hypothesis?

It is consistent with what is already known. It is testable and falsifiable.

Who was the Jewish physician that wrote 10 medical books and numerous books on diseases?

Maimonides

Who was the famous Jewish physician who served in the court of the sultan, Saladin?

Maimonides

Medical mistakes, such as prescribing the wrong dose of medication, can result from failure to consider which of the following?

Physiological variation

Differences in sex, age, weight, diet, degree of physical activity, environment, among other things are important what?

Physiological variations

Which of the following are features of an arboreal habitat?

Relative safety from predators Rich supply of leaves and fruit Relatively less competition

Which of the following are features of an arboreal habitat?

Relatively less competition Rich supply of leaves and fruit Relative safety from predators

Which of the following is a process by which an educated guess is capable of being tested and may be proven false by experimentation?

Scientific method

Which habitat refers to living in the trees?

arboreal

What is the ability to walk upright on two feet called?

bipedalism

Study of how biological process vary in different animal species

comparative physiology

Which is an example of a class of tissue?

connective

An example of a well-designed experiment would have a(n) ______ group, which would receive a placebo, and a(n) ______ group, which would receive the intervention (i.e. treatment) being tested.

control/experimental

Study of individual cells

cytology

Without the use of energy, matter and energy tend to flow

down gradients

physiology of hormones

endocrinology

is a change in the genetic composition of a population of organisms over a period of time.

evolution

Information that can be independently verified by any trained person is called which of the following?

facts

The scientific method is based on an informed conjecture that is capable of being tested and potentially proven false by experimentation or data collection.

false

The study of body structures that can be observed without magnification

gross anatomy

The ______ oath is a code of ethics for physicians.

hippocratic

Of the following, which one is testable, falsifiable, and consistent with what is already known?

hypothesis

To be considered a scientific fact, information must be what?

independently verified

The ______ method of study is the process of drawing conclusions and making predictions from repeated observation. It is a specific tool within the scientific method.

inductive

Most exploratory surgery has been replaced with

medical imaging techniques

Physiology of the nervous system

neurophysiology

The inductive method allows one to make conclusions based on what

observation

The inductive method allows one to make conclusions based on what?

observation

What is an anatomical structure that is composed of at least two different tissue types, has recognizable structural boundaries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it called?

organ

A single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis is termed a living

organism

Which of the following describes a single complete individual?

organism

Study of disease mechanisms

pathophysiology

The subdiscipline of physiology that is concerned with the mechanisms of disease is

pathophysiology

A _________ review is the method of evaluating results by other experts in that field

peer

The name for a structure that is specialized to detect a stimulus is a

receptor

The name for a structure that is specialized to detect a stimulus is a(

receptor

What is a cell or organ that is specialized to detect a stimulus called?

receptor

The number of animals (or people) used in an experimental study is called the

sample size

An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform a discrete function, is known as a

tissue

In an experiment, the control group is unaltered, while the _______ group contains the variable being tested.

treatment