Lecture 4: Cultural Competence, Cultural Humility & Communication (EXAM 1)

Generation Z

1.) Born from the 1990s through 2010 2.) Also called the Internet Generation (i gen), or "digital natives" 3.) They have always lived in a world connected by the Internet 4.) A generation that is global, social, visual and technological. They are the most connected, educated and sophisticated *generation* ever. They are the up-agers, with influence beyond their years.

Language and Culture Reflect One Another

1.) Communication within a culture is a reflection on values 2.) Common expressions in one culture can have different meanings in other cultures 3.) Communication between cultures can be difficult when meaning gets lost in translation

Basics of Communication with Patients from Other Cultures

1.) Use common words 2.) Follow basic words of grammar 3.) Avoid slang 4.) Repeat basic ideas without shouting 5.) Paraphrase important points 6.) Check for understanding

Cultural Differences in Communication

1.) Eye contact 2.)Use of touch 3.) Respect (use of titles, "auntie") 4.) Volume of voice 5.) Sense of personal space 6.) Any others?

Definitions of Cultural Competence

1.) "The ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures" (SAMHSA, 2016) 2.) "A congruent set of behaviors, attitudes, and policies that enable a person or group to work effectively in cross-cultural situations; the process by which individuals and systems respond respectfully and effectively to people of all cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each" (National Association of Social Workers, 2001). 3.) "The ability to recognize the significance of culture in one's own life and in the lives of others; and to come to know and respect diverse cultural backgrounds and characteristics through interactions with individuals from diverse linguistic, cultural, and socioeconomic groups; and to fully integrate the culture of diverse groups into services, work, and institutions in order to enhance the lives of both those being served by the library profession and those engaged in service" (Overall, 2009, 189-190). 4.) "The ability to successfully teach students who come from cultures other than our own. It entails developing certain personal and interpersonal awareness and sensitivities, developing certain bodies of cultural knowledge, and mastering a set of skills that, taken together, underlie effective cross-cultural teaching" (Diller & Moule, 2005). 5.) "High levels of respect for and knowledge of other cultures; actively working for and with diverse groups" (Cooke, 2017, 18).

Cultural Competence & Nursing

1.) A culturally-fluent approach to good communication skills in nursing takes time, patience, good listening and awareness, and will go a long way to improve the communication across cultures and enhance personal and professional relationships. 2.) In the end, try not to assume someone is being rude or trying to offend you. Give them the benefit of the doubt.

Generation Y

1.) Also known as the Millennials 2.) Generation born from the late 1980s through the end of the 20th century 3.) Millennials grew up during enormous acceptance of and advances in digital technology

Generation X

1.) Also knows as Gen X 2.) Generation born from the late 1960s to the early 1980s 3.) Gen X grew up in times that were more economically secure than the Silent Generation's, but less so than the Baby Boomers' 4.) Gen X grew up with technological advances like the home computer, cable television and the introduction to the internet

Becoming Culturally Competent and Practicing Cultural Humility

1.) Becoming culturally competent and practicing cultural humility are ongoing processes that change in response to new situations, experiences and relationships. 2.) As Cooke (2017) points out "each community is distinct and has its own needs; there are also communities within communities, all of which deserve recognition and special attention" (p. 18). 3.) Knowing about one community does not make us culturally competent about all communities. 4.) Additionally, communities are dynamic and change over time. 5.) Maintaining cultural competency and practicing cultural humility require continuous and intentional work.

What does it mean to be culturally competent?

1.) Culturally competent nurses understand, communicate with, and effectively interact with people across cultures. 2.) Cultural competence encompasses: -being aware of one's own world view -developing positive attitudes towards cultural differences -gaining knowledge of different cultural practices and world views -developing skills for communication and interaction across cultures 3.) Underlying cultural competence are the principles of trust, respect for diversity, equity, fairness, and social justice (Rhonda Livingstone).

Both Cultural Competence and Cultural Humility Require

1.) Developing cultural self-awareness: -Becoming aware of your own cultural norms, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors -Identifying & examining your own personal biases, stereotypes, and prejudices -Considering the impact cultural differences might have on your interactions with BIPOC, their families, and their communities 2.) Gaining cultural knowledge: -Being comfortable with "not knowing" - Balancing your expert knowledge with being open to learning from the community and their lived experience -Being curious about other cultures - Asking questions, about other cultures, viewing films & documentaries, studying another language, attending classes & workshops about other cultures, etc. -Attending cultural events and festivals -Establishing trusting relationships with community confidants or connectors who are able to provide insights into cultural norms, family practices, communication styles, traditions, etc.

First Impressions

1.) How long does it take for someone to form an opinion about you? -30 seconds!! 2.) Only about 7% of a person's understanding of your communications arise from your words. 3.) The remaining 93% of a person's understanding is based on verbal cues (like pitch, rate, and tone), and on nonverbal behaviors (like facial expressions and posture).

Age Diversity

1.) If people grew up during different times, they usually see the world very differently 2.) *Age diversity* = range of individuals of different generations

Check for Clarity

1.) If you're not sure if your patient understood you, try checking for clarity: -"Is it okay with you if..." -"Are you comfortable when..." -"Can you explain to me how..." -"Was it clear when I said..."

The Baby Boomers

1.) In the prosperous period after World War II, the Silent Generation gave birth to the Baby boomers from the 1940s to the mid-1960s 2.) Baby Boomers grew up during the 1960s, a period perceived to represent significant social change and shifts in values 3.) Most baby boomers are moving toward retirement now, but there are still many in the workforce

Language Diversity

1.) Language differences can make communication challenging 2.) If you have difficulty understanding someone's accent, consider a different form of communication (written) 3.) Use a translator!!! 4.) Use *active listening* to pay attention when conversing with people with different language backgrounds to see if there is understanding 5.) Eye contact, facial expressions & body language can help you convey and assess understanding, or lack of it, across language barriers

What is Cultural Humility?

1.) The concept of cultural humility was developed by Melanie Tervalon and Jann Murray-Garcia in 1998 to address inequities in the healthcare field. 2.) It is now used in many fields, including education, public health, social work, and library science, to increase the quality of interactions between workers and their diverse community members. 3.) Cultural humility goes beyond the concept of cultural competence to include: - A personal lifelong commitment to self-evaluation and self-critique - Recognition of power dynamics and imbalances, a desire to fix those power imbalances and to develop partnerships with people and groups who advocate for others -Institutional accountability (Tervalon & Murray-Garcia, 1998) 4.) Cultural Competence is a necessary foundation for cultural humility

Cultural Compentence

1.) The following attitudes, skills and knowledge are commonly identified in the literature: -Understands and honors the histories, cultures, languages, and traditions of diverse communities -Values the different abilities and interests of youth -Respects differences in families' home lives -Builds on the different ways of knowing and expertise found in different cultures and communities -Recognizes that diversity contributes to the richness of our society and provides a valid evidence base about ways of knowing -Understands that a strong sense of cultural identity and belonging is central to developing a positive self-esteem -Identifies and challenges their own cultural assumptions, values and beliefs -Demonstrates an ongoing commitment to developing their own cultural competence

Age Diversity: Generation

1.) People who grew up during roughly the same time period and who have many of the same life experiences 2.) Generations overlap, but certain generations are identified with the historical conditions of their times

Age Diversity in the Workplace

1.) People who grew up in different social and political climates may have different values and may prioritize differently 2.) They also have very different comfort levels with technology 3.) As with all types of diversity, it is important to avoid stereotypes and not make assumptions based on age

The Silent Generation

1.) The generation born from 1925 - 1945 2.) Grew up during the Great Depression 3.) Most of them have left the workplace