Lecture Quiz: 13 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

which structure conducts action potentials directly from a sensory receptor

1

________ are receptors in the aorta that monitor the blood pressure.

Baroreptors

which of these statements about the afferent division of the nervous system is true

It ascends with sensory information

Lucy is a 24-year-old who describes having severe pain emanating from her right upper chest and shoulder. She has no family history of heart disease. Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for what she is experiencing?

Lucy is having referred pain from her gallbladder. The visceral sensory pathway that follows along the same spinal segments is most likely innervating the lateral spinothalamic tracts.

which tactile receptors are located in the dermis

Root hair plexus, bulbous corpuscle, and lamellar corpuscles

which of the following is true of all the sensory pathways

They all enter through dorsal roots

which of the following does not describe graded potentials

They are always depolarizing.

which of these is not a property of chemoreceptors

They are classed as nociceptors.

which of the following statements is true about general senses

They are distributed all over the body.

which of these is not a property of thermoreceptors

They are slow-adapting.

Thalamic neurons that project to the primary sensory cortex are ________ neurons.

Third-order

which of the following is the best illustration for Golgi tendon organ activation

a male gymnast performing an iron cross on the rings apparatus

During anesthesia, a complete disruption in sensory perceptions is desired. Which of the following events is NOT associated with the sensory pathway?

action potential generation in a motor neuron

A reduction in sensitivity in the presence of a constant stimulus is referred to as

adaptation

Unlike cerebral palsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive disorder affecting voluntary motor control. The degenerating motor neurons are part of tracts within the spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebral hemispheres. Which of the following tracts is NOT affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?

anterior spinocerebellar tract

the spinal tract that relays information concerning crude touch and pressure to the CNS is the

anterior spinothalamic

where in the spinal cord is the structure labeled "2" located (awc)

anterior white column

all of the following are true of fast pain sensations except that they

are interpreted by the pre-frontal cortex

identify the axon labeled "3" (2o)

axon of a second-order neuron

what type of a receptor would provide information on lung expansion to respiratory centers in the brainstem

baroreceptor

Bladder fullness is to ________ as blood pH is to ________.

baroreceptors; chemoreceptors

which areas of the brain monitor and adjust activities of the motor pathways

basal nuclei and cerebellum

Chemoreceptors of the general senses do not send information to the primary sensory cortex but instead send information to the _______ to control autonomic function

brain stem

upper motor neurons of the corticobulbar tract synapse with lower motor neurons in the

brainstem

tactile receptors located in the reticular dermis that are tonic and show little if any adaptation are called

bulbous corpuscles

Receptors in your stomach that determine when food enters because the pH changes would be classified as

chemoreceptors

A brain injury to a patient results in facial paralysis. Which descending tract is most likely affected?

corticobulbar tract

Which motor pathway does not end in the spinal cord?

corticobulbar tract

The pyramids on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata are formed by fibers of the ________ tracts.

corticospinal

identify the type of information that travels along the structure labeled "2" (ctps)

crude touch and pressure sensations

General sense receptors are typically the

dendrites of sensory neurons

which of the following is/are sometimes called "prickling pain"

fast pain

Which neuron delivers sensations to the CNS?

first-order

the afferent neurons that carries the sensation and enters the CNS is a ________ neuron

first-order

identify the neuron labeled "1" (fon)

first-order neuron

how do we become aware of the sensation of touch

general sensory receptors send information to the primary somatosensory cortex

Which motor pathway directs a faster response: voluntary or involuntary?

involuntary

the general senses

involve receptors that are relatively simple in structure.

If a nerve impulse was transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS) on a C fiber, __________.

it would lead to a slow sensation of pain

the link between peripheral receptor and cortical neuron is called a(n)

labeled line

identify the motor tract at the end of the arrow

lateral corticospinal

the descending spinal tract that crosses to the opposite side of the body within the medulla oblongata is the ______ tract

lateral corticospinal

the motor pathway that decussates in the medulla oblongata is the _____ tract

lateral corticospinal

the spinal tract that relays information concerning pain and temperature to the CNS is the

lateral spinothalamic

which pathway or tract detects sensations of pain and temperature

lateral spinothalamic

What loss would result from cutting through the medial lemniscus on the right side?

loss of fine touch sensation on the left side of the body

Motor neurons whose cell bodies are within the spinal cord are called ________ neurons.

lower motor

in the corticospinal pathway, the neuron that exists the spinal cord and enters the spinal nerve is called the ______ neuron

lower motor

damage to what neuron would cause loss of voluntary and reflex control of skeletal muscle

lower motor neuron

Damage to the tectospinal tracts would interfere with the ability to

make reflex responses of the head and neck in response to sudden movements or loud noises

the upper motor neurons of the medial pathway are located within any of the following except the

mamillary bodies

descending tracts in the spinal cord relay ________ information

motor

Axons of the corticobulbar tract terminate in the

motor nuclei of cranial nerves

Proprioceptors signal all but

muscle temperature

a sensory receptor characterized peripherally as a free nerve ending which centrally uses glutamate and/or substance P as neurotransmitters would most likely be a

nociceptor

which of these is not a type of mechanoreceptor

nociceptor

Endorphins can reduce perception of sensations initiated by

nociceptors

which of these pairings is mismatched

none of the listed responses is correct

The area of the motor cortex that is devoted to a particular region of the body is proportional to the

number of motor units in that region

which is an example of slow-adapting receptor

pain

which of the following best explains why the body "remembers" painful injuries long after they have been healed

pain receptors are slow-adapting receptors, so they adapt very slowly to changes in the PNS, such as the healing of an injury

activity of neurons in the spinothalamic pathway may still send signals even if the first order sensory receptor does not receive a signal such as in amputation. this situation might cause

phantom limb pain

sensory neurons that adapt quickly are called ______ receptors

phasic

Which ascending tract carries the sensations for fine touch and vibration?

posterior (dorsal) column

destruction of the upper motor neurons in the left lateral pathway results in loss of

precise movements in the distal limbs on the right side

Identify the structure labeled "1." (pmc)

primary motor cortex

the corticospinal pathway begins in which area of the brain

primary motor cortex

action potentials from receptors involved in general sensations are interpreted in the

primary sensory cortex

the third-order neuron in this pathway synapses in what structure labeled "7" (psc)

primary sensory cortex

the yellow colored tract at the end of the arrow carries _______ information to the cerebellum

proprioceptive

Receptors that monitor the position of joints belong to the category called

proprioceptors

You cannot tell when your small intestines shift position as food enters because you do not have any ________ there.

proprioceptors

the basal nuclei

provide the background patterns of movement involved in voluntary motor activities

the neurons of the primary motor cortex are _______ cells

pyramidal

Using the two-point discrimination test you can fairly accurately determine whether you have been touched with one point or two because of the density of the

receptor fields

the rubrospinal tracts originate in the

red nuclei

sensory neurons synapse in the CNS with an interneuron known as a

second-order neuron

which of these sensory pathways carries afferent impulses that don't produce perceptions

spinocerebellar pathway

a mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a

tactile (Meissner) corpuscle

which of the following tactile receptors is found in the dermal papillae

tactile corpuscle

A receptor that contains many mechanically-gated ion channels would function best as a

tactile receptor

Assessing spinal nerve damage may involve the use of a vibration fork that is tapped along segments of the spinal nerve pathway. Which type of sensory receptor detects vibrations?

tactile receptor

the term general senses refers to sensitivity to all of the following except

taste

Identify the structure labeled "5" (t)

thalamus

which of the following was able to detect pressure

the Pacinian corpuscle and the free nerve ending

upper motor neurons of the corticospinal tract synapse with neurons in

the anterior gray horns of the spinal cord

describe the receptive field (figure 15-2)

the area receptive to stimuli monitored by a single receptor cell

the medial pathway, which controls gross movements of the head, trunk, and limbs, consists of which tracts

the medial pathway includes all of the listed tracts (reticulospinal, tectospinal, vestibulospinal)

all of the following can contribute to receptor specificity except

the metabolism of the receptor cell

Sensory encoding of the perceived location of a stimulus depends on

the specific location of the cortical neuron that is stimulated

Which descending pathway is found in the anterior white column and carries impulses relating to equilibrium and balance?

the vestibulospinal tract

What is the role of the somatic nervous system?

to control the contractions of skeletal muscles

the cerebellum adjusts motor activity in response to all of the following except

touch sensations

The conversion of a sensory input to a change in membrane potential in the receptor is known as

transduction

The conversion of the stimulus into an action potential to be interpreted by the brain is called

transduction

identify the structure labeled "5" (vr)

ventral root

which tract is responsible for the subconscious regulation of movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli

vestib tectospinal ulospinal

The spinal tract that unconsciously maintains balance and muscle tone is the ________ tract.

vestibulospinal

the heart muscle is a _______ effector

visceral

Damage to the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex would directly affect

voluntary motor activity