Lesson 11 - Survey Research

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Surveys

Popular and versatile research instruments using a question format. *Surveys can either be self-administered or read by an interviewer.

Scale

A composite measure of one concept created from a series of two or more questions

Double-Barreled Question

A single survey question that actually asks two questions but allows only one answer

Web-Based Survey

A survey designed on a server; respondents are asked to visit a website and respond to the web questionnaire by checking answers.

In Person Interview

A survey in which an interviewer questions respondents and records their answers

Mailed (self-administered) survey

A survey involving a mailed questionnaire to be completed by the respondent

Filter Question

A survey question used to identify a subset of respondents who then are asked other questions

Omnibus Survey

A survey that covers a range of topics of interest to different social scientists

Group-Administered Survey

A survey that is completed by individual respondents who are assembled in a group

Electronic Survey

A survey that is sent and answered by computer, either through e-mail or on the web

Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing (CASI)

A system within which respondents interact with a computer-administered questionnaire by using a mouse and following audio instructions delivered via headphones

Reference Period

A time frame in which a survey question asks respondents to place a particular behavior (e.g., in the past 6 months)

Exhaustive Response

A variable's attributes or values in which every case can be classified as having one attribute

Open Ended Question Adv/Disadvantages

Allow respondent to fill in own answer -Detailed responses -No preconceived content of answer -Must go though several steps before ready for analysis

Which guideline for writing good survey questions does the following question violate? "Do you disagree that the death penalty should not be used to punish sexual assault?" Avoid confusing phrasing and vaguness Avoid double negatives Avoid double barrelled questions Avoid making agreement or disagreement disagreeable

Avoid double negatives

Which of the following is NOT a feature of surveys that makes them popular with researchers? Versatility Causality Efficiency Generalizability

Causality

A survey question designed to ensure that questions are only asked to relevant subjects is called a:

Filter Question

People who see themselves as neutral in their attitudes toward a particular issues are known as:

Floaters

An omnibus survey is designed to:

Generate data useful to investigators with multiple interests

A survey that is completed by individual students in a classroom is called a:

Group administered survey

Survey questions used to elicit additional information following an open-ended question are called:

Interpretive Questions

A survey item that measures respondent agreement or disagreement with a statement along a continuum from "strongly agree" to "strongly disagree" is known as a:

Likert-Type Question

Reverse Code

Recoding response choices that were originally coded to reflect both favorable and unfavorable attitudes toward a phenomenon as indicative of either all favorable or all unfavorable, so the index is measuring the same thing

Cover Letter

The letter sent with a mailed questionnaire. It explains the survey's purpose and auspices and encourages the respondent to participate

Skip Pattern

The unique combination of questions created in a survey by filter questions and contingent questions

Idiosyncratic Variation

Variation in responses to a question that is caused by individuals' reactions to particular words or ideas in the question instead of by variation in the concept that the question is intended to measure

Computer Interactive Voice Response (IVR)

Software that uses a touch-tone telephone to interact with people to acquire information from or enter data into the database

Mixed-Mode Surveys

Surveys that are conducted by more than one method, allowing the strengths of one survey design to compensate for the weaknesses of another and maximizing the likelihood of securing data from different types of respondents -For example: non-respondents in a mailed survey may be interviewed in person or over the phone

Double-Negative Question

A question or statement that contains two negatives, which can muddy the meaning

Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviews (CATI)

An interview in which data collection and data entry can occur concurrently and data entry error is minimized. Most large surveys are performed in this way.

Which guideline for writing good survey questions does the following question violate? "Is it possible that you might eventually be willing to consider using pepper spray as a method of self-protection?" Avoid confusing phrasing and vaguness Avoid double negatives Avoid double barrelled questions Avoid making agreement or disagreement disagreeable

Avoid confusing phrasing and vagueness

Which guideline for writing good survey questions does the following question violate? "Do you think that traffic cameras are unconstitutional and that they should be removed?" Avoid confusing phrasing and vaguness Avoid double negatives Avoid double barrelled questions Avoid making agreement or disagreement disagreeable

Avoid double barreled questions

Which guideline for writing good survey questions does the following question violate? "Do you think that it is a good idea to murder convicted criminals?" Avoid confusing phrasing and vaguness Avoid double negatives Avoid double barrelled questions Avoid making agreement or disagreement disagreeable

Avoid making agreement or disagreement disagreeable

A questionnaire does not have to be designed for a specific target population T/F

False

Survey questions that do not have specific answer choices are called:

Open ended questions

Anonymity

Provided by research in which no identifying information is recorded that could be used to link respondents to their responses

Interpretive Questions

Questions included in a questionnaire or interview schedule to help explain answers to other important questions

Contingent Questions

Questions that are asked of only a subset of survey respondents

Interview Schedule

The survey instrument containing the questions asked by the interviewer for an in-person interview or phone survey

Fixed-Choice (Closed-Ended) Question Adv/Disadvantages

Survey question providing pre-formulated response choices for the respondent to circle or check -Quick Response -Consistency in type of response -Easier to analyze statistically

Which of the following is true about survey question construction? A. Survey questions can be tailored to specific respondents B. Survey questions can be rephrased for clarity while they are being administered C. Survey questions must be designed to be understood by the variety of people surveyed D. Nuances in meaning can be expressed through survey questions

Survey questions must be designed to be understood by the variety of people surveyed

Floaters

Survey respondents who provide an opinion on a topic in response to a closed-ended question that does not include a "don't know" option but will choose "don't know" if it is available

Fence-Sitters

Survey respondents who see themselves as being neutral on an issue and choose a middle (neutral) response that is offered

Likert-Type Responses

Survey responses in which respondents indicate the extent to which they agree or disagree with statements

The following survey question suffers from what problem? How many times have you been arrested in the last six months? 0-3 times 3-6 times 6-9 times more than 9 times A. There are no problems with this survey question B. The response set is not mutually exclusive C. The response set is not exhaustive D. The question is unclear and vague

The response set is not mutually exclusive

Split-Ballot Design

Unique questions or other modifications in a survey administered to randomly selected subsets of the total survey sample, so that more questions can be included in the entire survey or so that responses to different question versions can be compared


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