Level 2 Test 5

When describing the menstrual cycle to a group of young women, the nurse explains that estrogen levels are highest during which phase of the endometrial cycle?

Proliferative

A client has been diagnosed with condylomata acuminata and requires treatment for the condition. What would be the treatment of choice?

cryotherapy

hyperemesis gravidarum

excessive vomiting during pregnancy

The nurse in the sexual health clinic is obtaining a health history of a client who is addicted to heroin, reporting chronic flu-like symptoms accompanied by pruritis, fatigue, anorexia, and constant upper right quadrant pain. Which sexually transmitted infection would the nurse suspect?

hepatitis A

pregnancy and weight gain can cause_________of the spine

lordosis

osteoporosis risk factors

post-menopause low calcium intake low activity level steroids excessive alcohol

What medication is used to treat panic attacks? What will your patient teaching include?

Alprazolam- Take as needed

A nurse needs to assess a female client for primary stage herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. For which symptom related to this condition should the nurse assess?

Genital vesicular lesions

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM)

Gestational diabetes mellitus is an impaired tolerance to glucose with the first onset or recognition during pregnancy.

What medications would be given to a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum?

Give the client IV fluids of lactated Ringer's for hydration. ◯ Give pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) and other vitamin supplements as tolerated. ◯ Use antiemetic medications cautiously for uncontrollable nausea and vomiting (ondansetron [Zofran], metoclopramide [Reglan]). ◯ Use corticosteroids to treat refractory hyperemesis gravidarum.

When teaching a pregnant client about the physiologic changes of pregnancy, the nurse reviews the effect of pregnancy on glucose metabolism. Which of the following would the nurse include as the underlying reason for the effect?

Glucose moves through the placenta to assist the fetus.

A nurse is teaching a group of adolescent girls about the menstrual cycle. The nurse would integrate information about which hormones as being predominant during the cycle? Select all that apply.

GnRH FSH LH

It induces the release of FSH and LH to assist with ovulation

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone ( GnRH)

A woman gives birth to a healthy newborn. As part of the newborns care, the nurse instills erythromycin ophthalmic ointment as a preventive measure related to which STI?

Gonorrhea

During an examination of a pregnant woman the nurse notes that her cervix is soft on its tip. The nurse would document this finding as

Goodell's sign

Which of the following data on a clients health history would the nurse identify as contributing to the clients risk for an ectopic pregnancy?

Recurrent pelvic infections

What are some unexpected medical conditions that can occur during pregnancy?

Recurrent premature dilation of the cervix Hyperemesis gravidarum Anemia Gestational diabetes mellitus Gestational hypertension

Recurrent premature dilation of the cervix:Cervical Insufficiency (Incompetent Cervix)

Recurrent premature dilation of the cervix or cervical insufficiency is a variable condition whereby expulsion of the products of conception occurs.

A 31-year-old male was diagnosed with genital herpes of the HSV-2 type 5 years ago. He is now broaching the subject with a woman he has recently formed a relationship with. Which statement is most accurate?

"Even when I'm not having a recurrence, I could still pass the virus on to you."

A couple is trying to cope with an infertility problem. They want to know what they can do to preserve their emotional equilibrium. The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"Get involved with a support group. I'll give you some names."

What comment by a woman would indicate that a diaphragm is not the best contraceptive device for her?

"I am not comfortable touching myself down there.

A nurse educator is presenting to a prenatal class ways in which to prevent common yeast infections that may occur during pregnancy. Which statement made by participants indicates that the teaching has been effective?

"I need to reduce my dietary intake of simple sugars and soda."

A client makes the following statement after finding out that her pregnancy test is positive, "This is not a good time. I am in college and the baby will be due during final exams!" Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate at this time?

"It sounds like you're feeling a little overwhelmed right now."

A male client asks the nurse why it is better to purchase condoms that are not lubricated with nonoxynol-9 (a common spermicide). The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"Nonoxynol-9 does not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections, as originally thought; it has also been linked to an increase in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and can cause genital lesions."

A nurse is providing care to a client with pediculosis pubis. Which information would the nurse include when teaching the client about this condition?

"Remove the nits with a fine-toothed comb."

A man smokes two packs of cigarettes a day. He wants to know if smoking is contributing to the difficulty he and his wife are having getting pregnant. The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"Smoking can reduce the quality of your sperm."

A woman currently uses a diaphragm and spermicide for contraception. She asks the nurse what the major differences are between the cervical cap and diaphragm. The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"The cervical cap can safely be used for repeated acts of intercourse without adding more spermicide later."

Types of behavioral contraceptive methods

* Abstinence * Fertility Awareness Methods ( FAMs) * Withdraw ( Coitus Interruptus) * Lactational amenorrhea method ( LAM)

Reversible methods of contraceptives

* Behavioral * Barrier * Hormonal * Emergency

STD with vaginal discharge

* Candidiasis * Trichomoniasis * Bacterial vaginosis

Infertility treatments

* Hormonal * Invitro fertilization * Psychological Considerations

The nurse is instructing a client with dysmenorrhea on how to manage her symptoms. Which should the nurse include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply.

* Increase water consumption * Use heating pads or take warm baths * Increase exercise and physical activity

A client would like some information about the use of a cervical cap. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan of this client? Select all that apply.

* Inspect the cervical cap before insertion * Wait 30 minutes after insertion before engaging in intercourse * Do not use the cervical cap during menses

estrogen and progesterone effects on the brain

* Irritability * Anxiety * Depression * Mental fogginess * Decreased concentration

A 37 week pregnant patient is admitted with severe preeclampsia. The patient begins to experiences a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following would the nurse AVOID during the seizure?

* Placing the patient in a supine position * Holding down the patient's head to prevent injury

Your patient is 36 weeks pregnant with severe preeclampsia. The physician has ordered lab work to assess for HELLP Syndrome. Which findings on the patient's lab results correlate with HELLP Syndrome

* Platelets 90,000 ul * ALT 100 IU/L * AST 90 IU/L * Abnormal RBC peripheral smear

A 37-week pregnant patient is admitted with severe preeclampsia. The patient begins to experiences a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following would the nurse DO during the seizure?

* Staying with patient and activating the emergency response team * Timing the seizure * Providing 8 to 10 liter of oxygen

Factors of infertility in males

* Structural * Hormonal disorders

When developing a plan of care, the nurse needs to make which assessments for a pregnant client with a BMI of 18.3? Select all that apply.

* assess for maternal fatigue * assess for poor fetal growth * assess for preterm labor

The nurse who counsels women who suffer from abuse understands that abuse can come in which different forms? Select all that apply.

* emotional abuse * physical abuse * financial abuse * sexual abuse

When assessing a woman for premenstrual syndrome, which of the following would the nurse be likely to find?

* weight gain * irritability * tension * dysphoria

An antenatal client is informing the nurse of her prenatal signs and symptoms. Which of the following findings would the nurse determine are presumptive signs of pregnancy? Select all that apply.

*Amenorrhea. * Breast tenderness. * Quickening. * Frequent urination.

spinnbarkeit sign

*At the onset of ovulation, cervical mucus is more abundant, clear, slippery, and smooth. *The ability for the mucus to stretch between the fingers.

Which characteristics of a female client would likely warrant intervention? Select all that apply.

*Each of the client's fallopian tubes is approximately 6 cm long. * The client's vaginal environment is alkaline.

A nurse is conducting an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) awareness program for women. Which instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan to empower women to develop control over their lives in a practical manner so that they can prevent becoming infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? Select all that apply.

*Give opportunities to practice negotiation techniques. * Encourage women to develop refusal skills. *Encourage women to use female condoms.

25-35 lbs. of weight during pregnancy include

*Increase blood volume * Fetus * Fat stores * Uterus * Placenta

After teaching a class on sexually transmitted infections, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which statement as true?

STIs can affect anyone if exposed to the infectious organism.

A client is suspected of having herpes simplex viral infection. The nurse would expect to prepare the client for which diagnostic test to confirm the infection?

viral culture of vesicular fluid

Miss Jones deep tendon reflexes. I recorded as 2+ what is the nurses best interpretation of this painting

within normal limits

multigravida

woman who has been pregnant more than once

A client is using high-dose estrogen oral contraceptives. The nurse would assess the client for which finding?

yeast infections

Contraception: Behavioral Methods

°Abstinence °Fertility Awareness - Cervical mucus ovulation method - Basal body temperature method - Sympthothermal method - Standard days method °Withdrawl (coitus interruptus) °Lactational Amenorrhea Method

Types of Contraception

°Behavioral Methods °Barrier Methods °Hormonal Methods °Sterilization

Infertility Conceptions

°Cultural expectations °Impact of culture, ethnicity, and religion on preconceptions and management of infertility °Multiple known/unknown factors affecting fertility °Male and Female risks factors

Endometriosis nursing management

°Education °Healthy Lifestyle Habits °Support Groups

*Pelvic infection is most commonly caused by*:

*Sexual transmission* But, can also occur with invasive procedures such as: *Endometrial biopsy, surgical abortion, hysteroscopy, or insertion of an IUD*

Nursing Assessment of Dysmenorrhea

- Past medical history, sexual history menstrual history-Bimanual pelvic exam

Nursing Assessment of Menopausal Transition

- Screening for osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer risk - Lifestyle to plan strategies to prevent chronic conditions

Common Menstrual Disorders

-Amenorrhea -Dysmenorrhea -Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) -Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) -Endometriosis

Surgical Abortion Methods

1) Dilation and Curettage 2) Suction and Aspiration 3) Dilation and Evacuation 4) Hysterectomy 5) Dilation and Extraction (Partial Birth)

endometriosis treatment

1. NSAIDs 2. Progesterone or OCP 3. Testosterone (Danocrine, Danazol(acne, oily skin)) 4. GnRH analogs (Lupron, Leuprolide (hot flashes, osteoporosis))

Two types of Dysmenorrhea

1. Primary Dysmenorrhea 2. Secondary Dysmenorrhea

Types of abortion

1. Surgical Abortion 2. Medical Abortion

A couple is considered infertile after how many months of trying to conceive?

12 months

While conducting the physical assessment, the nurse notes edema of the patient's hands and feet. When the nurse applies finger pressure to the edematous area, it results in a 4 mm skin depression that disappear in 15 seconds. How would the nurse document this finding?

2+ pitting edema

The nurse reviews the CD4 cell count of a client who is HIV-positive. A result less than which of the following would indicate to the nurse that the client has AIDS?

200 cells/mm3

The GCT is done at approx _________weeks gestation to assess the client's ability to __________________

24, metabolize glucose.

A nurse is discussing menstruation with a female client. The nurse describes a normal amount of blood loss is approximately:

25 to 60 mL

A nurse is examining a female client and tests the clients vaginal pH. Which finding would the nurse interpret as normal?

4.5

What is colostrum?

A milk-like substance secreted right after delivery

The nurse is reviewing the medical records of several clients. Which client would the nurse expect to have an increased risk for developing osteoporosis?

A thin woman with small bones

A pregnant woman is scheduled to undergo percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. When discussing this test with the woman, the nurse reviews what can be evaluated with the specimens collected. Which of the following would the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

A) Rh incompatibility B) Fetal acidbase status C) Sex-linked disorders

A nurse is teaching personal hygiene care techniques to a client with genital herpes. Which statement by the client indicates the teaching has been effective?

"I will wear loose cotton underwear"

A nurse informs a 19-year-old client that she is pregnant. The client immediately states that she plans to have an abortion. What would be the most appropriate response from the nurse to this client?

"I'll put together the information that you will need."

An unmarried young woman describes her sex life as "active" and involving "many" partners. She wants a contraceptive method that is reliable and does not interfere with sex. She requests an intrauterine device (IUD). The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"The risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) will be higher for you."

What are the steps of the endometrial cycle?

1) Cervical mucus becomes thin, clear, stretchy, and more alkaline 2) The endometrium becomes thickened and more vascular and glandular 3) The spiral arteries rupture, releasing blood into the uterus 4) The ischemia leads to shedding of the endometrium down to the basal layer

What are the pubertal events in a women

1) Development of breast buds 2) Appearance of pubic and then axillary hair 3) Growth spurt 4) Onset of menstruation

phases of mestrual cycle

1) Menstrual phase 2) Follicular phase 3) Ovulation phase 4) Luteal phase

A nurse measures a pregnant woman's fundal height and finds it to be 28 cm. The nurse interprets this to indicate which of the following?

28 weeks gestation

A pregnant woman is admitted with premature rupture of the membranes. The nurse is assessing the woman closely for possible infection. Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the woman is developing an infection? (Select all that apply.)

Abdominal tenderness Elevated maternal pulse rate Cloudy malodorous fluid

viability

Ability of the fetus to survive outside the womb

I'm Ms. Jones. Admission, the fetal heart tracing revealed a rate of 130 bPM. Moderate variability, and episodic accelerations. Which of these parameters characterize the tracing as Reactive?

Accelerations

The nurse recognizes which of the following maternal behaviors during the first trimester of pregnancy as a sign of normal maternal adaptation?

Accepting the reality of the pregnancy

Your patient with preeclampsia is started on Magnesium Sulfate. The nurse knows to have what medication on standby?

Calcium gluconate

A nursing instructor is teaching a class to a group of students about pregnancy, insulin, and glucose. Which of the following would the instructor least likely include as opposing insulin?

Cortisol

A woman is noted to have multiple soft warts on her perineum and rectal areas. The nurse suspects that this client is infected with which of the following sexuallytransmittied infection?

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

What is the most common viral infection?

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

After the nurse teaches a client about ways to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, which client statement indicates a need for additional teaching?

I will make sure to take my estrogen supplements a week before my period.

A group of nurses are discussing the most recent statistics on death due to prematurity in the United States. Which action, if implemented, would have the greatest impact on improving outcomes?

Improve women's access to receiving prenatal care

nurse is teaching a pregnant woman with preterm premature rupture of membranes who is about to be discharged home about caring for herself. Which statement by the woman indicates a need for additional teaching?

Its okay for my husband and me to have sexual intercourse.

A woman is menstruating. If hormonal studies were to be done at this time, Which of the following hormones would the nurse expect to see?

Low Estrogen Low Progesterone

A client reports pain on one side of the abdomen. On further questioning, the nurse discovers that the pain occurs routinely around 2 weeks before menstruation. The client has not missed a period, and she exercises regularly. Which cause is most likely?

Pain during ovulation

Signs & Symptoms of Dysmenorrhea

Pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, headache, dizziness, bloating, water retention, weight gain, muscle aches, food cravings, breast tenderness

The nurse is reviewing with a group of high school students that the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonads all contribute to hormonal regulation of the female reproductive system. Based on this information, what is the specific hormone that functions primarily during pregnancy?

Progesterone

Which contraceptive method has a failure rate of less than 25%?

Standard days

ovulation phase

The second stage of the general menstrual cycle, when the ovum is released.

When caring for an adolescent, in which instance must the nurse share information with the parents, no matter which state care is provided in?

Tuberculosis

An HIV positive who is on antiretroviral therapy reports anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Which suggestion should the nurse offer the client to cope with this condition?

Use high protein supplements

What is the gold standard for HSV diagnosis?

culture

A client with primary syphilis is allergic to penicillin. The nurse would expect the primary care provider to prescribe which agent?

doxycycline

A nurse educator is teaching a client about sexually transmitted infections. The client would learn that which medications are appropriate to treat chlamydia? Select all that apply.

doxycycline azithromycin ceftriaxone

A young woman comes to the walk-in clinic seeking treatment for chronic chlamydia trachomatis. Which finding is most likely because it often correlates with this diagnosis?

gonorrhea

Ballottement

rebound of unengaged fetus

Menopausal Transition

refers to the transition from a woman's reproductive phase of her life to her final menstrual period

The vagina is a tubular fibromuscular organ lined with a mucous membrane that lies in a series of transverse folds called

rugae

Severe Preeclampsia

BP 160/100 or greater , proteinuria greater than 3+, oliguria, elevated serum creatinine- 1.2+, cerebral or visual disturbances (headache or blurred vision), hyperreflexia with ankle clonus, peripheral edema, hepatic dysfunction, RUQ pain, thrombocytopenia

Which contraceptive method best protects against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Barrier methods

Which of the following is the best description of the presentation of preeclampsia?

Hypertension with proteinuria, which develops after 20 weeks gestation.

Client advocacy, utilization management, and coordination of care describe which of the following?

Case management

is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea

Endometriosis

Spermatogenesis

Formation of sperm

Nurses should be aware that infertility:

Is perceived differently by women and men.

secondary dysmenorrhea treatment

NSAIDs

Friability

Spotting following cervical palpation or intercourse

Which diagnostic procedures are used for Cervical Insufficiency?

Ultrasound Cervical Cerclage

Amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

A woman who has a seizure disorder and takes barbiturates and phenytoin sodium daily asks the nurse about the pill as a contraceptive choice. The nurse's most appropriate response would be:

"Your current medications will reduce the effectiveness of the pill."

Client Education of Menopausal Transition

-Health maintenance education, risk reduction - Lifestyle modifications - Stress Management

One hour after the client consumes 50 grams of concentrated glucose, as glucose serum is drawn. If the level is _______________ , the client is referred for a 3-hour glucose tolerance test to determine if she has gestational diabetes.

130 mg/dL or higher

A nurse is preparing for a class discussion on sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to be given at a local high school. Which would the nurse include as a discussion priority?

Adolescents and young adults are the largest age group diagnosed with an STI.

A nurse working in an infertility clinic should include which of the following in her discussion with the couple?

Adoption as an alternative to infertility treatments

Impact of Menopause on the body

Brain: hot flashes; sleep, mood, and memory problems Heart: lower levels of HDL; increased risk of CVD Bones: bone density loss; increased risk of osteoporosis Breasts: duct and gland tissue replaced by fat Genitourinary: vaginal dryness, stress incontinence, cystitis GI: less Ca+ absorbed; increased fractures Skin: skin dry, thin; collagen decreases

Your patient with preeclampsia is started on Magnesium Sulfate. The nurse knows to have what medication on standy?

Calcium Gluconate

birth control methods

Condom Surgical Implants Female condom Pill Coitus Interruptus Hormonal ring Calendar rhythm method UIDs Patch Injections Diaphragm

Barrier contraception methods

Condom diaphragm

A client is diagnosed with gestational hypertension and is receiving magnesium sulfate. Which finding would the nurse interpret as indicating a therapeutic level of medication?

Deep tendons reflexes 2+

A nurse working in a community health education program is assigned to educate community members about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Which nursing strategy should be adopted to prevent the spread of STIs in the community?

Discuss limiting the number of sex partners.

In their role of implementing a plan of care for infertile couples, nurses should:

Do all of the above plus be knowledgeable about potential drug and surgical remedies.

When the nurse is educating miss Jones about managing her condition at home, which of the following with the nurse include as part of her self-care activities? Select all that apply

Drink 8 to 10 glasses of water per day, rest in a quiet environment monitor blood pressure weight daily limit physical activity

When assessing a family for possible barriers to health care, the nurse would consider which factor to be most important?

Finances

The predominant anterior pituitary hormones that orchestrate the menstrual cycle include:

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

2. Which of the following findings on a prenatal visit at 10 weeks might lead the nurse to suspect a hydatidiform mole?

Fundal height measurement of 18 cm

The nurse is working with a group of community health members to develop a plan to address the special health needs of women. Which of the following conditions would the group address as the major problem?

Heart disease

A pregnant client in her second trimester has a hemoglobin level of 11 g/dL. The nurse interprets this as indicating which of the following?

Hemodilution of pregnancy

The nurse is preparing to teach a class to a group of middle aged women regarding the most common vasomotor symptoms experienced during menopause and possible modalities of treatment available. Which of the following would be a vasomotor symptom experienced by menopausal women?

Hot flashes

A nurse is teaching a women with genital ulcers how to care for them. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?

I need to abstain from intercourse primarily when the lesions are present.

After teaching a woman who has had an evacuation for a hydatidiform mole (molar pregnancy. about her condition, which of the following statements indicates that the nurses teaching was successful?

I will be sure to avoid getting pregnant for at least 1 year.

A pregnant client has been diagnosed with gonorrhea. Which nursing interventions should be performed to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum in the baby?

Instill a prophylactic agent (Cephalosporins) in the eyes of the newborn.

A clients last menstrual period was April 11. Using Nageles rule, her expected date of birth (EDB. would be:

January 18

A pregnant woman informs the nurse that her last normal menstrual period was september 20, 2020. Using Nagele rule, the nurse calculates the client's estimated date of delivery is?

June 27, 2021

A client with a 28-day cycle reports that she ovulated on May 10. The nurse would expect the clients next menses to begin on:

May 24

A nurse is caring for a client at 14 weeks of gestation who has hyperemesis gravidarum. The nurse is aware that which of the following are risk factors for the client? (Select all that apply.)

Obesity Multifetal pregnancy Migraine headache

A couple reports that their condom broke while they were having sexual intercourse last night. What would you advise to prevent pregnancy?a. Inject a spermicidal agent into the woman's vagina immediately.

Obtain emergency contraceptives and take them immediately

14.A woman has opted to use the basal body temperature method for contraception. The nurse instructs the client that a rise in basal body temperature indicates which of the following?

Ovulation

The nurse is preparing an outline for a class on the physiology of the male sexual response. Which event would the nurse identify as occurring first?

Penile vasodilation

Nursing Management for Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB):

Perform client education about normal menstrual cycles and possible reasons for the abnormal pattern; information regarding treatment options

A nurse is describing the criteria needed for the diagnosis of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD).

Persistent anger

A nurse is caring for a 31 year old pregnant client who is subjected to abuse by her partner. The client has developed a feeling of hopelessness and does not feel confident in dealing with the situation at home, which makes her feel suicidal. Which nursing intervention should the nurse offer to help the client dela with her situation?

Provide emotional support to empower the client to help herself.

When describing perinatal education to a pregnant woman and her partner, the nurse emphasizes that the primary goal of these classes is to:

Provide knowledge and skills to actively participate in birth and parenting

21.While talking with a woman in her third trimester, which behavior indicates to the nurse that the woman is learning to give of oneself?

Questioning ability to become a good mother

Which instructions would the nurse include when teaching a woman with pediculosis pubis?

Remove the nits with a fine-toothed comb.

After teaching a group of adolescents about HIV, the nurse asks them to identify the major means by which adolescents are exposed to the virus. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which of the following?

Sexual intercourse

The nurse recognizes that blood pressure measurement is lowest when the pregnant patient is in which position?

Side Lying

In her fourth lunar month of pregnancy, a woman isadvised to adjust her daily routine as a typist. Office activities and the requirements of her work are discussed. Which of the following tasks needs to be modified for her to promote a healthy pregnancy?

Sitting in one position for 6 hours without a break.

These glands are located on either side of the female urethral opening, secrete a small amount of mucus to keep the opening moist and lubricated for the passage of urine.

Skene

A nurse is caring for a client positive for human immunodeficiency virus. The client is on triple-combination highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). What should the nurse include in the teaching plan when educating the client about the treatment? (Select all that apply.)

Unpleasant side effects such as nausea and diarrhea are common. Provide written materials describing diet, exercise, and medications. Ensure that the client understands the dosing regimen and schedule.

The nurse teaches a primigravida client that lightening occurs about 2 weeks before the onset of labor. The mother will most likely experience which of the following at that time?

Urinary frequency

A woman comes to the clinic complaining of a vaginal discharge. The nurse suspects trichomoniasis based on which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Urinary frequency Yellow/green discharge

The most common cause of menstrual abnormality in a reproductive-age woman is:

anovulation

The nurse considers the contraceptive class at the college dormitory to be effective when the students understand that the effectiveness of oral contraceptives (OCs) can be decreased if they take:

antibiotics

When teaching a group of young adult women about the cycle of violence, the nurse would describe which behavior as eventually disappearing as the violence becomes accelerated over time?

apologies for the pain and abuse

Which hormone is secreted from the hypothalamus in a pulsatile manner throughout the reproductive cycle?

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A 23-year-old sexually active woman tells the nurse practitioner that she is worried because she has been having abnormal vaginal bleeding, dysuria, and weird vaginal discharge. What sexually transmitted infection would the nurse suspect?

gonorrhea

PIH

pregnancy induced hypertension

A 36-week pregnant multigravida complains of dizziness and feels lightheaded when laying on her back. The symptom is caused by which of the following?

pressure of the uterus on the vena cava and aorta

Nursing Assessment of the Woman Choosing a Contraceptive Method

°Medical History °Family History °OB/GYN History °Personal History °Diagnostic History °Physical Exam

Common Women's Reproductive Disorders

°Menstrual Disorders °Infertility °Contraception °Abortion °Menopause

Contraception: Hormonal Methods

°Oral Contraceptives °Injectable Contraceptives °Transdermal Patches °Vaginal Rings °Implantable Contraceptives °Intrauterine Contraceptives °Emergency Contraception

What are the risk factors for developing GDM?

● Obesity ● Maternal age older than 25 years ● Family history of diabetes mellitus ● Previous delivery of an infant that was large or stillborn

What are the nursing care actions relating to Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy?

◯ Prophylactic treatment using prenatal supplements with 60 mg of iron is suggested. ◯ Increase dietary intake of foods rich in iron (legumes, fruit, green, leafy vegetables, and meat). ◯ Educate the client about ways to minimize gastrointestinal adverse effects.

A nursing is caring for a client who is receiving IV magnesium sulfate. Which of the following medications should the nurse anticipate administering if magnesium sulfate toxicity is suspected?

Calcium gluconate

Contraception: Barrier Methods

Condoms Diaphragm Cervical cap Contraceptive sponge

Etiology of Secondary Dysmenorrhea

Pelvic or uterine pathology Endometriosis is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea

woman comes to the clinic for an evaluation. During the visit, the woman tells the nurse that her menstrual cycles have become irregular. Ive also been waking up at night feeling really hot and sweating.

Perimenopause

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a pregnant woman and notes that she is gravid II. The nurse interprets this to indicate the number of:

Pregnancies

What would the nurse do first if the patient begins to experience magnesium sulfate toxicity?

■ Immediately discontinue infusion. ■ Administer antidote calcium gluconate. ■ Prepare for actions to prevent respiratory or cardiac arrest.

What lab tests would the doctor order for a patient with GH?

◯ Liver enzymes ◯ Serum creatinine, BUN, uric acid, and magnesium increase as renal function decreases ◯ CBC ◯ Clotting studies ◯ Chemistry profile

AA nurse is conducting an intake interview with a new client who wishes to become pregnant. The client has a history of seizures and is on antiepileptics. Which measure should the nurse advocate for the client to take to prevent adverse effects on the fetus?

discussing her medication regimen with her health care provider to determine if her medications need to be changed

It stimulates the production of milk within a few days after childbirth

prolactin

What are the diagnostic procedures associated with GH?

◯ Dipstick testing of urine for proteinuria ◯ 24-hr urine collection for protein and creatinine clearance ◯ Nonstress test, contraction stress test, biophysical profile, and serial ultrasounds to assess fetal status ◯ Doppler blood flow analysis to assess fetal well-being

A multipara in the fourteenth week of pregnancy seems discouraged after her second clinic visit. She tells the nurse, "I guess I am pleased to be pregnant, but these visits are so routine. It's hard for me to take time from work to sit in the waiting room for just a urine check and weigh-in." What teaching by the nurse would be emphasized with this client?

"These routine visits are essential to the fetus and to your health."

A married couple is discussing alternatives for pregnancy prevention and has asked about fertility awareness methods (FAMs). The nurse's most appropriate reply is:

"They can be effective for many couples, but they require motivation."

A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a female client diagnosed with genital ulcers. Which instructions would the nurse include in this teaching plan? Select all that apply.

"Use a condom when having sexual intercourse with any noninfected partner." "Avoid having sex when any ulcers are present." "Air dry any lesions with a hair dryer on the low setting."

The nurse is teaching a client about fertility and the various phases of the menstrual cycle. The nurse should point out that ovulation usually occurs on which day of a 28-day cycle?

14

Which statement is the most complete and accurate description of medical abortions?

They can be either elective or therapeutic.

The nurse is assessing a 13-year-old girl who has had her first menses. Which of the following events would the nurse expect to have occurred first?

Development of breast buds

A woman with hyperemesis gravidarum asks the nurse about suggestions to minimize nausea and vomiting.

Drink fluids in between meals rather than with meals.

A client is diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). When reviewing the clients medical record, which of the following the nurse is expecting to find?

Dysmenorrhea Dysuria Lower abdominal tenderness Discomfort with cervical motion

Which finding would the nurse expect to find in a client with endometriosis?

Dysuria

With regard to the noncontraceptive medical effects of combined oral contraceptive pills (COCs), nurses should be aware that:

The effectiveness of COCs can be altered by some over-the-counter medications and herbal supplements.

A nurse is teaching a local community group about STIs. When discussing syphilis, the nurse would identify which stages as being most infectious? Select all that apply.

primary secondary early latent

It is day 17 of a woman's menstrual cycle. She is c/o breast tenderness and pain in her lower left quadrant. The woman states that her cycle is usually 31 days long. Which of the following is an appropriate reply by the nurse?

" You are probably ovulating."

A woman is 8 months pregnant. She told the nurse that she knows her baby listens to her, but her husband thinks she is imagining things. Which one of the following responses by the nurse is most appropriate?

"Babies in utero respond to sounds including their mother's voice."

Which statement made by a client with a chlamydial infection indicates understanding of the potential complications?

"I need to treat this infection so it doesn't spread into my pelvis because I want to have children some day.

A nurse is reviewing a new prescription for ferrous sulfate with a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation. Which of the following statements by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?

"I plan to drink more orange juice while taking this pill."

The nurse is providing teaching to an adolescent girl on the function of the female reproductive system. Which statement by the client best reflects understanding of the material presented?

"My menstrual cycle lasts about 4 to 6 days each month but varies sometimes, which is normal."

A client has been recently diagnosed with genital herpes and asks, "Why am I having so many recurring outbreaks of the infection?" What is the nurse's best response?

"Stress-reducing strategies may help prevent the outbreaks."

You're providing an in-service to a group of new labor and delivery nurse graduates about the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Which statement by one of the group participants demonstrates they understood how this condition develops?

"The placenta experiences ischemia because the spiral arteries of the uterus fail to reshape and increase in diameter."

A pregnant woman recently diagnosed with the genital herpes virus asks the nurse for more information on the virus. Which responses by the nurse would be appropriate? Select all that apply.

"The virus remains quiet until a stressful event occurs to reactivate it." "Infections may be transmitted by individuals unaware that they have it." "Transmission is through contact of infected mucous membranes."

During a preconception class on healthy conception and pregnancy awareness, a couple asks the nurse for information on conception. Which response made by the nurse is correct?

"There are more than 200 million sperm in ejaculated semen."

A 20-year-old female comes to the sexual health clinic for follow up related to a positive test for the human papillomavirus (HPV). The client asks the nurse, "Is there anything I can do to get rid of this?" What is the nurse's best response?

"There is currently no medical treatment to cure HPV."

A woman seen in the emergency walk-in clinic is diagnosed with chlamydia trachomatis. She asks the nurse how this disease is different from other sexually transmitted infectious diseases. What is the nurse's best response?

"This STI is characterized by an infection of your cervix

The pregnant client at 6 weeks' gestation asks the nurse if an ultrasound will reveal the sex of the fetus yet. What is the best response by the nurse?

"We will have to wait until the baby is 16 weeks' gestation to determine what the sex is."

A woman is being treated for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at an inpatient health clinic. Which statement made by the woman shows she understands the progression of the infections?

"When my T-cell count drops below 200 cells, the HIV turns to AIDS."

During a health education session, a teenage client asks the nurse when she should have her first "Pap test." How should the nurse reply?

"When you turn 21 years old."

A community health nurse is conducting a class on sexually transmitted infections (STIs). She states that "STIs are discriminatory." What would the nurse most likely use to support this statement? Select all that apply.

"Women are diagnosed with two thirds of the new cases of STIs annually.""After only a single exposure, women are twice as likely as men to acquire STIs.""Certain infections can be transmitted to the newborn."

A 49-year-old client who is in the perimenopausal phase of life reports to the nurse a loss of lubrification during intercourse, which she feels is hampering her sex life. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

"You can manage the condition by using over-the counter (OTC) moisturizers or lubricants.

A client tells the nurse that she is getting divorced and wants to be sure that her soon-to-be ex-husband cannot have access to her medical information. Which response would be the most accurate for the nurse to give the client?

"You have the right to say who can access your health records and who cannot."

A woman is using the basal body temperature (BBT) method of contraception. She calls the clinic and tells the nurse, "My period is due in a few days, and my temperature has not gone up." The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"You probably didn't ovulate during this cycle."

A client with genital herpes asks the nurse about what to expect with the infection. Which response would be most appropriate?

"even though you don't have symptoms, you could still spread the infection."

A 38 weeks pregnant woman expresses concern about the striae on her abdomen and breasts and asks when they will disappear. The nurse's best response would be, "The striae:

"will eventually fade to silver or white."

secondary amenorrhea causes

#1- pregnancy (MC) 2- post partum (returns by 6-8 wks) 3- breast feeding (from prolactin) 4- ovarian dysfunction 5- anatomical abnormalities (adhesions, fibroids, polyps) 6- H-P-G dysfunction 7- Drugs

A patient is currently 34 weeks pregnant with her first baby. Which findings below could indicate the development of preeclampsia in this patient that would need to be reported to the physician? Select all that apply:

* 3+ dipstick urine protein * 0800: blood pressure 142/92, 1230: blood pressure: 144/98

A patient is currently 34 wks pregnant with her first baby. Which findings below could indicate the development of preeclampsia in this patient that would need to be reported to the physician? Select all that apply.

* 3+ dipstick urine protein * 08:00 blood pressure 142/92, 12:30: blood pressure 144/98

A 19 year-old female client has been diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by untreated gonorrhea. Which instructions should the nurse offer when caring for the client?

* Avoid douching vaginal area * Complete the antibiotic therapy * Limit the number of sex partners

Nurse's plan of care for infertile couples are

* Be comfortable with their sexuality and nonjudgmental about others to effectively counsel their clients * Know about such nonmedical remedies as diet, exercise, and stress management * Be able to direct clients to sources of information about what herbs to take that might help and which ones to avoid. * Be knowledgeable about potential drug and surgical remedies.

The patient's support person asks the nurse, "What kind of care will she need at home?" The nurse would tell the patient and support person that they need to monitor of the following at home? (Select all that apply)

* Blood Pressure twice a day * Daily weight * Fetal movement

While being prepared for discharge, the patient asks the nurse, "What signs would mean that my preeclampsia is getting worse?" Which of the following signs and symptoms are consistent which increased severity of preeclampsia?

* Blurred vision * Headache * Epigastric Pain

A woman has been diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Which of the following organisms are the most likely causative agents? Select all that apply.

* Chlamydia trachomatis * Neisseria gonorrhea

anxiolytic benzodiazepine class side effects

* Drowsiness * Poor Coordination * Respiratory depression * Dry mouth

Psychological Considerations of infertility treatments

* Emotionally trying * Costly * Cultural considerations * Invasive

Which of the following findings in a patient's prenatal history would indicate to the nurse a risk for developing preeclampsia? (Select all that apply)

* First pregnancy * Low socioeconomic status * African American Ethnicity

STD with genital ulcers

* Herpes Simplex * Syphilis * PID

The nurse is planning an education session for couples planning to conceive. What should the nurse include to support the 2020 National Health Goals? Select all that apply.

* Highlight the importance of good nutrition. * Include health promotion activities for both men and women. * Remind about safe sex practices to reduce sexually transmitted infections.

A 37 year old female who is 36 weeks pregnant is diagnosed with mild preeclampsia. The nurse will include what information in the patient's education?

* Incorporate food like eggs, nuts, fish, meat in your diet * Importance of monitoring urine protein at home * Lying on the left side is recommended along with rest * Report a decrease in fetal activity immediately

A 37-year-old female patient who is 36 weeks pregnant is diagnosed with mild preeclampsia. The nurse will include what information in the patient's education? Select all that apply:

* Incorporate foods like eggs, nuts, fish, meat in your diet * Importance of monitoring urine protein at home * Lying on left-side is recommended along with rest * Report a decrease in fetal activity immediately

You (the nurse) are reviewing the educational packet provided to a client about tubal ligation. What is an important fact you should point out? Choose all that apply.

* It is highly unlikely that you will become pregnant after the procedure." * "Sterilization offers no protection against STIs."

A 37-week pregnant patient is admitted with severe preeclampsia. The patient begins to experiences a tonic-clonic seizure. Which of the following would the nurse AVOID during the seizure?

* Placing the patient in a supine position * Holding down the patient's head to prevent injury

Select all the risk factors below that increases a woman's risk for developing preeclampsia:

* Primigravida * BMI 34 * Pregnant with twins * Maternal history of preeclampsia * History of Lupus and Diabetes

Risk factors that increases a woman's risk for developing preeclampsia:

* Primigravida * BMI 34 * Pregnant with twins * Maternal history of preeclampsia * History of diabetes and lupus

Sperm cells and the male hormone testosterone are made in which of the following structures? Select all that apply.

* Testes * Seminiferous tubules

estrogen and progesterone effects on the breasts

* Tingling * Fullness * Tenderness

Sterilization contraception methods

* Tubal ligation * Essure * Vasectomy

Sexual Transmitted disease are characterized by

* Vaginal discharge * Cervicitis * Genital Ulcers

A 30-year-old client tells the nurse that she would like to use a contraceptive sponge but does not know enough about its use and whether it will protect her against STIs. Which information should the nurse provide the client about using a contraceptive sponge? Select all that apply.

* Wet the sponge with water before inserting it. * Insert the sponge 24 hours before intercourse * Leave the sponge in place for at least 6 hours following intercourse

In a patient with preeclampsia, what signs and symptoms indicate that the patient has a high risk of experiencing aq seizure due to central nervous system irritability? Select all that apply:

* You note bouncing of the foot when it is quickly dorsiflexed * Patellar and bicep deep tendon reflexes are graded 4+

In a patient with preeclampsia, what signs and symptoms indicate that the patient has a high risk of experiencing a seizure due to central nervous system irritability? Select all that apply:

* You note bouncing of the foot when it is quickly dorsiflexed. * Patellar and bicep deep tendon reflexes are graded 4+.

A nurse has been invited to speak at a local high school about adolescent pregnancy. When developing the presentation, the nurse would incorporate information related to which aspects? Select all that apply.

* peer pressure to become sexually active * Latinas as having the highest teen birth rate * loss of self-esteem as a major impact

Fertility Assessment (Laboratory and Diagnostic Testing)

*Home ovulation predictor kits * clomiphene citrate challenge test, hysterosalpingogram * laparoscopy

What nursing care actions would be provided for a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum?

*Monitor the client's I&O. * Assess the client's skin turgor and mucous membranes. * Monitor the client's vital signs. *Monitor the client's weight. *Have the client remain NPO for 24 to 48 hr.

Factors of infertility in females

*Ovarian * Uterine * Tubal issues

Hormonal changes during pregnancy

*Smooth muscle relaxation * Decrease peristalsis * Constipation * Bloating * Gastric Reflux/Heartburn *morning sickness

The nurse obtains a fetal heart rate (FHR) of 150beats per minute. The normal baseline range for a FHR is which of the following?

120 to 160 beats per minute.

when is the Maternal Serum alpha fetoprotein test performed?

15-22 weeks gestation

A group of students are reviewing the historical aspects about childbirth. The students demonstrate an understanding of the information when they identify the use of twilight sleep as a key event during which time frame?

1900s

normal amount of weight during pregnancy

25-35 lbs

Osteoporosis

A condition in which bone mass declines to such an extent that fractures occur with minimal trauma

A positive early diagnosis of pregnancy is based on the presence of which of the following?

A fetal heart rate

Progesterone

A hormone that inhibits prolactin

HELLP syndrome

A variant of gestational hypertension where hematologic conditions coexist with severe preeclampsia and hepatic dysfunction.

A client with trichomoniasis is to receive metronidazole (Flagyl). The nurse instructs the client to avoid which of the following while taking this drug?

Alcohol

A nurse is describing the structure and function of the reproductive system to an adolescent health class.

Alkaline

A new expectant father asks about leisure activities can enjoy with his wife during their pregnancy. Which response by the nurse best indicates an understanding of the needs of the couple during pregnancy?

Although she may tire easily, you can continue most activities you have enjoyed in the past."

A group of students are reviewing the signs of pregnancy. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which as presumptive signs? (Select all that apply.)

Amenorrhea Nausea

Risk Factors for Infertility

Amenorrhea: Menstrual history, past illnesses, hospitalizations and surgeries, obstetric history, use of prescription and OTC drugs, recent or past lifestyle changes, and history of present illness, with an assessment of bodily changes Endometriosis: Family history of endometriosis in a first degree relative, short menstrual cycle (less than 28 days), long menstrual flow (more than 1 week), high dietary fat consumption, young age of menarche (younger than 12), and few (1 or 2) or no pregnancies

A woman had unprotected intercourse 36 hours ago and is concerned that she may become pregnant because it is her "fertile" time. She asks the nurse about emergency contraception. The nurse tells her that:

An over-the-counter antiemetic can be taken 1 hour before each contraceptive dose to prevent nausea and vomiting.

A nursing instructor is preparing a class discussion on the trends in health care and health care delivery over the past several centuries. When discussing the changes during the past century, which of the following would the instructor be least likely to include?

Analysis of morbidity and mortality

A nursing instructor is describing the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle to a group of nursing students. The instructor determines the teaching was successful when the student identify follicle-stimulating hormone as being secreted by which of the following?

Anterior pituitary gland

Contraception

Any method of preventing conception, including reversible and permanent methods

How would the nurse check for clonus in a patient with preeclampsia?

Assess for beating of the foot when the foot is quickly dorsiflexed.

The United States ranks 50th in the world for maternal mortality and 41 t among industrialized nations for infant mortality rate. When developing programs to assist in decreasing these rates, which factor would most likely need to be addressed as having the greatest impact?

Assuring early and adequate prenatal care

Which of the following statements describes a reactive nonstress test

At least 2 fetal heart rate accelerations of at least 15 beats per minute and lasting at least 15 seconds during a 20 minute period

A female client is prescribed metronidazole for the treatment of trichomoniasis. Which instruction should the nurse give the client undergoing treatment?

Avoid alcohol.

Which instruction should the nurse give to a client with genital herpes to help control the infection?

Avoid sexual contact until sores heal.

What are the crucial components of unexpected medical conditions in pregnancy in order to ensure fetal well-being and maternal health?

Awareness Early detection Interventions

A nurse counsels a 14-year-old girl on the risks of teenage birth and on methods of contraception. The nurse recognizes that provision of sex education to adolescents have had a positive influence on which measurement in the past 10 years in the United States?

Birth rate

oligomenorrhea

Bleeding occurring at interval of more than 35 days

Chadwick's sign

Bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal mucosa and cervix

The nurse determines that a woman is in her tenth week of gestation. Which of the following signs of pregnancy would the nurse expect to observe?

Breast tenderness

A gravida 2 para 1 client in the 10th week of her pregnancy says to the nurse, Ive never urinated as often as I have for the past three weeks. Which response would be most appropriate for the nurse to make?

By the time you are 12 weeks pregnant, this frequent urination should no longer be a problem, but it is likely to return toward the end of your pregnancy.

14.Which of the following would the nurse have readily available for a client who is receiving magnesium sulfate to treat severe preeclampsia?

Calcium gluconate

Assessment of a female client reveals a thick, white vaginal discharge. She also reports intense itching and dyspareunia. Based on these findings, the nurse would suspect that the client has:

Candidiasis

Nurses in the United States working in maternity services need to have knowledge of a variety of cultures and be culturally competent in caring for women and their families because:

Care can be individualized for different cultural preferences.

An 18-year-old female client who is sexually active asks the nurse for information on barrier contraceptives. Which contraceptive should the nurse say is a mechanical barrier contraceptive?

Cervical Cap

12.The nurse encourages a female client with human papillomavirus (HPV) to receive continued follow-up care because she is at risk for:

Cervical cancer

A woman was treated recently for toxic shock syndrome (TSS). She has intercourse occasionally and uses over-the-counter protection. On the basis of her history, what contraceptive method should she and her partner avoid?

Cervical cap

A client needs additional information about the cervical mucus ovulation method after having read about it in a magazine. She asks the nurse about cervical changes during ovulation. About which should the nurse inform the client?

Cervix is high or deep in the vagina

During a vaginal exam, the nurse notes that the cervix has a bluish color. The nurse documents this finding as:

Chadwicks sign

On the first prenatal visit, examination of the woman's internal genitalia reveals a bluish coloration of the cervix and vaginal mucosa. The nurse records this finding as:

Chadwicks sign

After teaching nursing students about the basic concepts of family-centered care, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students state which of the following?

Childbirth affects the entire family, and relationships will change.

When preparing a presentation for a local woman's group on women's health problems, what would the nurse include as the number one cause of mortality for women in the United States?

Childbirth complications

When integrating the principles of family-centered care, the nurse would include which of the following?

Childbirth results in changes in relationships

Nursing Intervention of the Woman Choosing a Contraceptive Method

Client/Couple participation in decision making °Client Education - Misconceptions - Mechanism of action; advantages and disadvantages, danger signs to report - Method Failure and backup method

An instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of students about reproductive structures and sexual arousal. Which female reproductive structure would the instructor include?

Clitoris

Which assessment procedures with the nurse performed to evaluate Ms. Jones nervous system for irritability?

Clonus and reflexes

A group of students are reviewing an article describing information related to indicators for women's health and the results of a national study. Which of the following would the students identify as being satisfactory for women? Select all that apply.

Colorectal cancer screening Mammograms

A healthy 28-year-old female client who has a sedentary lifestyle and is a chain smoker is seeking information about contraception. The nurse informs this client of the various options available and the benefits and the risks of each. Which should the nurse recognize as contraindicated in the case of this client?

Combination oral contraceptives

A client has been taking birth control pills for 2 months calls the clinic with the following complaint. " I have had a headache for the past couple of days and I now have pain in my right leg." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Come to the clinic this afternoon so that we can see what is going on.

Client Education of Dysmenorrhea

Comfort measures - Heat, lifestyle changes, pain management

After teaching a group of students about the different methods for contraception, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as a mechanical barrier method? (Select all that apply.)

Condom Cervical cap Cervical sponge Diaphragm

A client reports that she has multiple sex partners and has a lengthy history of various pelvic infections. She would like to know if there is any temporary contraceptives' methods that would suit her condition. Which should the nurse suggest for this client?

Condoms

After discussing various methods of contraception with a client and her partner, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when they identify which contraceptive method as providing protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Condoms

A woman has come to the clinic for her first prenatal visit. Which method would be the most effective way for the nurse to initiate data gathering for a health history?

Conduct an interview in a private room to obtain her health history.

Secondary fertility

Couples who have been able to get pregnant at least once, but now are unable

primary fertility

Couples who have not become pregnant after at least 1 year having sex without using birth control methods

An expectant father tells the nurse that he has been experiencing nausea and vomiting during his wife's pregnancy. This is an example of which of the following?

Couvade.

When preparing a teaching plan for a group of first-time pregnant women, the nurse expects to review how maternity care has changed over the years. Which of the following would the nurse include when discussing events of the 20th century?

Creation of free-standing birth centers

menstrual cycle

Cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an ovary and the uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized egg.

The nurse is caring for a client at the ambulatory care clinic who questions the nurse for information about contraception. The client reports that she is not comfortable about using any barrier methods and would like the option of regaining fertility after a couple of years. Which method should the nurse suggest to this client?

CycleBeads or medroxyprogesterone injection

A client states that she is to have a test to measure bone mass to help diagnose osteoporosis. The nurse would most likely plan to prepare the client for:

DEXA scan

A nurse suspects that a pregnant client may be experiencing abruption placenta based on assessment of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Dark red vaginal bleeding Rigid uterus Absent fetal heart tones

During the first trimester of pregnancy, a woman can expect which one of the following changes in her sexual desire?

Decrease because of nausea and fatigue

Miss Jones asks the nurse, "is my baby OK? "Which response from the nurse would best explain this condition will affect the baby?

Decreased blood flow to the placenta may slow the fetus's growth

While monitoring miss Jones, the nurse would need to notify the provider of which of the following findings

Decreased fetal movement over the past 24 hours

A couple is being assessed for infertility. The male partner is required to collect a semen sample for analysis. What instruction should the nurse give him?

Deliver sample for analysis within 1 to 2 hours after ejaculation

A couple is preparing to interview obstetric primary care providers in order to determine who they wll go to for care during their pregnancy and delivery. In order to make the best choice, which of the following actions should the couple perform first?

Develop a preliminary birth plan.

The nurse discusses various contraceptive methods with a client and her partner. Which method would the nurse explain as being available only with a prescription?

Diaphragm

A woman is 16 weeks pregnant and has elected to terminate her pregnancy. The nurse knows that the most common technique used for medical termination of a pregnancy in the second trimester is:

Dilation and evacuation (D&E).

A client is being discharged from the gynecological unit after treatment for an acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). What priority instruction regarding disease management should the nurse include?

Discuss the necessity of completing the antibiotic therapy.

Therapeutic Management of Infertility

Drugs or surgery

A nurse is preparing a class for a group of young adult women about emergency contraceptives (ECs). which of the following would the nurse need to stress to the group? Select all that apply.

ECs are birth control pills in higher, more frequent doses ECs are not to be used in place of regular birth control ECs provide little protection for future pregnancies.

A nurse is developing a teaching plan about nutrition for a group of pregnant women. Which of the following would the nurse include in the discussion? (Select all that apply.)

Eat three meals with snacking Avoid using diuretics Participate in physical activity

Eclampsia

Eclampsia is severe preeclampsia symptoms along with the onset of seizure activity or coma.

Which action would the nurse include in a primary prevention program in the community to help reduce the incidence of HIV infection?

Educate clients on how to practice safe sex.

A nurse is developing a plan of care for a woman to ensure continuity of care during pregnancy, labor, and childbirth. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to incorporate into that plan?

Educating the client about the importance of a support person

lactational amenorrhea method

Effective contraception provided when a woman is fully breast-feeding a baby less than 6 months of age and has no return of menses

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a pregnant client. Which one of the following findings would alert the nurse to the development of HELLP syndrome?

Elevated liver enzymes

After teaching a group of students about pregnancy-related mortality, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students identify which condition as a leading cause?

Embolism

When preparing a woman for an amniocentesis, the nurse would instruct her to do which of the following?

Empty her bladder.

A nurse is providing care to a woman who has just delivered a healthy newborn. Which action would least likely demonstrate application of the concept of family-centered care?

Encouraging the woman to keep her other children at home

Which test used to diagnose the basis of infertility is done during the luteal or secretory phase of the menstrual cycle?

Endometrial biopsy

A 20-year-old male has been diagnosed with a chlamydial infection, and his primary care provider is performing teaching in an effort to prevent the client from infecting others in the future. Which statement by the client demonstrates understanding of his health problem?

Even if I spread it to someone else, there's a good chance she won't have any symptoms or know she has it."

abortion

Expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it is viable with the purpose to terminate pregnancy

After teaching a group of students about female reproductive anatomy, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the site of fertilization?

Fallopian tubes

In order to advocate for children and families, the nurse must first acknowledge that the basic system in which health behavior and care are organized, secured, and performed is the:

Family

Fertility Assessment (Female)

Female Factor Assessment:Ovarian function, pelvic organs

A client arrives to the clinic very excited and reporting a postive home pregnancy test. The nurse cautions that the home pregnancy test is considered a probable sign and will assess the client for which sign to confirm pregnancy?

Fetal movement felt by examiner

When obtaining the health history from a client, which factor would lead the nurse to suspect that the client has an increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Five different sexual partners

A woman comes into the health clinic complaining of thick, cottage cheese-like vaginal discharge, with white patches on her labia that worsens before her menses. She complains of intense pruritus and dyspareunia. The health care provider would order which preparation for treatment?

Fluconazole

It is primarily responsible for the maturation of the ovarian follicle

Follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH)

A couple comes in for an infertility workup, having attempted to get pregnant for 2 years. The woman, 37, has always had irregular menstrual cycles but is otherwise healthy. The man has fathered two children from a previous marriage and had a vasectomy reversal 2 years ago. The man has had two normal semen analyses, but the sperm seem to be clumped together. What additional test is needed?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level

Which assessment finding would lead the nurse to suspect infection as the cause of a clients PROM?

Foul odor

A nurse is assigned to care for an Asian American client. The nurse develops a plan of care with the understanding that based on this clients cultural background, the client most likely views illness as which of the following?

From an imbalance of yin and yang

When assessing a woman at follow-up prenatal visits, the nurse would anticipate which of the following to be performed?

Fundal height measurement

GTPAL system

G = gravidity (# of times pregnant) T = term (38-42 weeks) P = preterm birth (20-37 weeks) A = abortion (< 20 weeks) L = living children ex: woman who is pregnant now, has 2 children, one born @ 38 weeks, one @ 42 weeks = 32002

A client has been confirmed to be pregnant. She gives a history of two previous full-term normal pregnancies. How will the nurse classify the client's pregnancy history?

G3, P2

A nurse is classifying the pregnancy history of a woman who has had five pregnancies: three full-term, one preterm, and one abortion. How would the nurse document this information on the patient chart?

G5 P3114

The nurse is conducting the first prenatal assessment on a new client. She shares with the nurse she has 3 children, 2 born at full-term and one at 34 weeks' gestation. Her last pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. How should the nurse document this client's obstetrical history?

G5 T2 P1 A1 L3

A woman provides the nurse with the following obstetrical history: Delivered a son, now 7 y/o, at 28 weeks gestation; Delivered a daughter now 5 y/o, at 39 weeks gestation; Had a miscarriage 3 years ago and had a first-trimester abortion 2 yrs ago. She is currently pregnant. Which of the following portrays an accurate picture of this woman's gravidity and parity using the GTPAL?

G5,P1 1 2 2 Rationale: This client has been pregnant 5 times (G5). She birthed a son and a daughter, had 1 miscarriage, had 1 abortion and is currently pregnant. Her parity reflects her obstetrical history: 1 full-term birth (daughter); 1 preterm birth (son); 2 abortions (miscarriages count as abortions and are referred to as such even though they aren't induced), and has two living children.

Which of the following findings would the nurse interpret as suggesting a diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease?

Gestational hypertension, hyperemesis gravidarum, absence of FHR

The nurse is trying to get consent to care for an 11-year-old boy with diabetic ketoacidosis. His parents are out of town on vacation, and the child is staying with a neighbor. Which action would be the priority?

Getting telephone consent with two people listening to the verbal consent

How should the nurse record the obstetric history for a newly pregnant client who previously delivered two live infants at term and had one abortion at 12 weeks' gestation?

Gravida 4, para 2

Injectable progestins (DMPA, Depo-Provera) are a good contraceptive choice for women who:

Have difficulty remembering to take oral contraceptives daily.

A client reports genital ulcers and a diagnosis of syphilis. Which nursing interventions should the nurse implement when caring for the client? Select all that apply

Have the client urinate in water if urination is painful. Instruct the client to wash her hands with soap and water after touching lesions. Instruct the client to wear non constricting, comfortable clothes.

The following four changes occur during pregnancy. Which of them will most likely increase the father's interest and involvement in the pregnancy?

Hearing the fetal heartbeat.

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a client with dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). Which finding would be of concern?

Hemoglobin level of 10.1 g/dL

In a woman who is suspected of having a ruptured ectopic pregnancy, the nurse would expect to assess for which of the following as a priority?

Hemorrhage

13.A pregnant woman needs an update in her immunizations. Which of the following vaccinations would the nurse ensure that the woman receives?

Hepatitis B

When developing a teaching plan for a community group about HIV infection, which group would the nurse identify as an emerging risk group for HIV infection?

Heterosexual women

16.A nurse is assessing a pregnant woman on a routine checkup. When assessing the woman's gastrointestinal tract, which of the following would the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.)

Hyperemic gums Complaints of bloating Heartburn Nausea

A nurse is assessing a pregnant woman with gestational hypertension. Which of the following would lead the nurse to suspect that the client has developed severe preeclampsia?

Hyperreflexia

Mild preeclampsia

Hypertension beginning after the 20th week of pregnancy 1 to 2+ proteinuria weight gain of more than 2 kg per week in the second and third trimesters.

A woman with placenta previa is being treated with expectant management. The woman and fetus are stable. The nurse is assessing the woman for possible discharge home. Which statement by the woman would suggest to the nurse that home care might be inappropriate?

I have a toddler and preschooler at home who need my attention.

A couple comes to the clinic for a fertility evaluation. The male partner is to undergo a semen analysis. After teaching the partner about this test, which client statement indicates that the client has understood the instructions?

I have to abstain from sexual activity for about 12 days before the sample.

14.A pregnant woman is flying across the country to visit her family. After teaching the woman about traveling during pregnancy, which statement indicates that the teaching was successful?

I'll get up and walk around the airplane about every 2 hours.

After assessing a woman who has come to the clinic, the nurse suspects that the woman is experiencing dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Which statement by the client would support the nurses suspicions?

I've been having bleeding off and on that's irregular and sometimes heavy.

A mother brings her 12-year-old daughter in for well-visit checkup. During the visit, the nurse is discussing the use of prophylactic HPV vaccine for the daughter. The mother agrees and the daughter receives her first dose. The nurse schedules the daughter for the next dose, which would be given at which time?

In 2 months

The nurse is educating Miss Jones about preeclampsia and how she will need to manage the condition when she returns home. The nurse instruct her to contact the provider if which of the following occur?

In frequent urination epigastric pain, decreased fetal movement, visual changes

What signs and symptoms should the nurse be aware of for Cervical Insufficiency?

Increase in pelvic pressure or urge to push Pink-stained vaginal discharge or bleeding Possible gush of fluid (rupture of membranes)Uterine contractions with the expulsion of the fetus Postoperative (cerclage) monitoring for uterine contractions, rupture of membranes, and signs of infection

Etiology of Primary Dysmenorrhea

Increased prostaglandin production

A nurse who is conducting sessions on preventing the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) discovers that there is a very high incidence of hepatitis B in the community. Which measure should the nurse take to ensure the prevention of the disease?

Instruct people to get vaccinated for hepatitis B.

A client presents with vulvar itching and diffuse green vaginal discharge. Upon evaluation, she is prescribed metronidazole. What is the paramount nursing intervention in discharge planning?

Instruct the client not to drink alcohol with this treatment.

When discussing contraceptive options, which method would the nurse recommend as being the most reliable?

Intrauterine system

It is discovered that a pregnant woman practice pica. Which of the following complication is most often associated with this disorder?

Iron-deficiency anemia

While instructing a couple regarding birth control, the nurse should be aware that the method called natural family planning:

Is the only contraceptive practice acceptable to the Roman Catholic church.

A client has been following the conventional 28 day regimen for contraception. She is now considering switching to an extended oral contraceptive (OC) regimen. She is seeking information about specific safety precautions. Which is true for the extended OC regimen?

It carries the same safety profile as the 28 days regimen

Which of the following is the best description of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia?

It is a multisystem disorder resulting in generalized vasoconstriction

A client at 34 weeks' gestation has recently been diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The client asks how HIV would be transmitted to the newborn. Which statement would be the nurse's best response?

It is recommended to formula-feed your newborn as it is transmitted through your breast milk."

A woman in the 34th week of pregnancy says to the nurse, I still feel like having intercourse with my husband. The woman's pregnancy has been uneventful. The nurse responds based on the understanding that:

It is safe to have intercourse at this time.

2. Which factor would most likely be responsible for a pregnant women's failure to receive adequate prenatal care in the United States?

Lack of health insurance to cover expenses

An expectant mother states that she read that more African-American infants than white infants die before they are 1 year old. In response to her questions about the reasons for this, the nurse accurately responds that the major reason for the high infant mortality rate is:

Lack of prenatal care

A client comes to the clinic with abdominal pain. Based on her history the nurse suspects endometriosis. The nurse expects to prepare the client for which of the following to confirm this suspicion

Laparoscopy

A client is to be examined for the presence and extent of endometriosis. For which test should the nurse prepare the client?

Laparoscopy

A woman comes to the clinic complaining of a vaginal discharge. The nurse suspects that the client has an infection. When gathering additional information, which of the following would the nurse be least likely to identify as placing the client at risk for an infection?

Last menstrual period about 5 days ago.

The nurse teaches a couple that the diaphragm is an excellent method of contraception providing that the woman does which of the following?

Leaves it in place for 6 hrs following intercourse

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client undergoing a bilateral tubal ligation. Which of the following should be included in the plan?

Libido should remain the same after the procedure

Which instruction should be given to a woman newly diagnosed with genital herpes?

Limit stress and emotional upset as much as possible

Assessment of a pregnant woman reveals a pigmented line down the middle of her abdomen. The nurse documents this as which of the following?

Linea nigra

22.A group of nursing students are reviewing information about factors affecting maternal, newborn, and women's health. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following deficiencies as being associated with poverty? Select all that apply.

Literacy Employment opportunities Mobility Political representation Skills

A 52-year-old client is seeking treatment for menopause. She is not very active and has a history of cardiac problems. Which therapy options should the nurse recognize as contraindicated for this client?

Long term hormone replacement

When describing the ovarian cycle to a group of students, which phase would the instructor include?

Luteal phase

It is required for the final maturation of preovulatory follicles and luteinization of the ruptured follicle

Luteinizing Hormone ( LH)

The nurse is explaining the events that lead up to ovulation. Which hormone would the nurse identify as being primarily responsible for ovulation?

Luteinizing hormone

The nurse is preparing an educational session about menstruation for a group of adolescents. Which hormone should the nurse instruct as initiating ovulation?

Luteinizing hormone

When describing the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle, a nurse identifies which hormone as responsible for initiating the cycle?

Luteinizing hormone

The health care provider orders PGE2 for a woman to help evacuate the uterus following a spontaneous abortion. Which of the following would be most important for the nurse to do?

Maintain the client for hour after administration.

A nurse is caring for a client who wishes to undergo an abortion. The nurse has concerns because abortion is against her personal convictions, and this is interfering with her professional duty. Which action should the nurse take to follow American Nurses Association's (ANA) code of ethics for nurses?

Make arrangements for alternate care providers

Fertility Assessment (Male)

Male Factor Assessment:Semen analysis, sexual characteristics, external and internal reproductive organ examination, digital prostate examination

When discussing fetal mortality with a group of students, a nurse addresses maternal factors. Which of the following would the nurse most likely include? Select all that apply.

Malnutrition Preterm cervical dilation Underlying disease condition

After teaching a group of adolescent girls about female reproductive development, the nurse determines that teaching was successful when the girls state that menarche is defined as a woman's firs

Menstrual Period

When reviewing the medical record of a client diagnosed with endometriosis, which of the following would the nurse identify as a risk factor for this woman?

Menstrual cycles of 24 days

After teaching a group of adolescent girls about female reproductive development, the nurse determines that teaching was successful when the girls state that menarche is defined as a woman's first:

Menstrual period

13.A nurse strongly encourages a pregnant client to avoid eating swordfish and tilefish because these fish contain which of the following?

Mercury, which could harm the developing fetus if eaten in large amounts

A nurse is conducting a class for a group of teenage girls about female reproductive anatomy and physiology. Which of the following would the nurse include as an external female reproductive organ? Select all that apply.

Mons pubis Labia Clitoris

A woman in her second trimester comes for a follow-up visit and says to the nurse, I feel like I'm on an emotional roller-coaster. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

Mood swings are completely normal during pregnancy.

After reviewing a clients history, which factor would the nurse identify as placing her at risk for gestational hypertension?

Mother had gestational hypertension during pregnancy.

Quickening

Movements of the fetus that can be felt by the mother

A client who has come to the clinic is diagnosed with endometriosis. Which of the following would the nurse expect the physician to prescribe as a first-line treatment?

NSAIDs

Primary dysmenorrhea treatment

NSAIDs: -Ibuprofen 400-800 mg q6h for first 24-48 hours Fenamate -Mefenamic acid (500 mg loading dose, 250 mg every six hours for three days) OCPs trial of 3-4 months, effective 90% Application of heat, exercise, reassurance of NL pelvic/pap

The nurse is preparing to teach a class to a group of middle-aged women regarding the most common vasomotor symptoms experienced during menopause and possible modalities of treatment available. Common vasomotor symptoms would include which of the following?

Night sweats and hot flashes

While providing the discharge education for a pregnant woman with preeclampsia, the nurse would inform the patient that which fetal test will be done twice a week until the baby is born?

Nonstress test

A client with hyperemesis gravidarum is admitted to the facility after being cared for at home without success. Which of the following would the nurse expect to include in the clients plan of care?

Nothing by mouth

Categorizing Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms

Nursing Assesment:Irritability, tension, dysphoria (most prominent and consistent symptoms) A: Anxiety C: Cravings D: Depression H: Hydration O: Other °ACOG diagnostic criteria for PMS °Mood Disorders: Main symptoms of PMDD

The physician most likely to provide care to a pregnant woman during her prenatal period and her labor/delivery is what type of physician?

Obstetrician

A woman has chosen the calendar method of conception control. During the assessment process it is most important that the nurse:

Obtain a history of menstrual cycle lengths for the past 6 to 12 months.

A clients maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP. level was unusually elevated at 17 weeks. The nurse suspects which of the following?

Open spinal defects

A 24-year-old woman has presented to an inner city free clinic because of the copious, foul vaginal discharge that she has had in recent days. Microscopy has confirmed the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis. What is the woman's most likely treatment and prognosis?

Oral antibiotics can prevent complications such as infertility and pelvic inflammatory disease.

A woman has been diagnosed with primary syphilis. Which of the following physical findings would the nurse expect to see?

Pain-free lesion

A woman suspecting she is pregnant asks the nurse about which signs would confirm her pregnancy. The nurse would explain that which of the following would confirm the pregnancy?

Palpable fetal movement

Which of the following measures would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a woman to reduce the risk of osteoporosis after menopause?

Participating in regular daily exercise

After teaching a group of students about the different perinatal education methods, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the Bradley method?

Partner-coached method

Why do you think the physician gave the pt a prescription for only 1 wk of Xanax?

Patient needs evaluation for a long term medication

A 39 week pregnant patient is in labor. The patient has preeclampsia. The patient is receiving IV Magnesium Sulfate. Which finding below indicates Magnesium Sulfate toxicity and requires you to notify the physician?

Patient reports flushing or feeling hot

After teaching a group of nursing students about the issue of informed consent. Which of the following, if identified by the student, would indicate an understanding of a violation of informed consent?

Performing a procedure on a 15-year-old without consent

A client has opted to use an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception. About which effect of the device on monthly periods should the nurse inform the client?

Period become lighter

19.Assessment of a pregnant woman reveals that she compulsively craves ice. The nurse documents this finding as which of the following?

Pica

11.A pregnant woman diagnosed with syphilis comes to the clinic for a visit. The nurse discusses the risk of transmitting the infection to her newborn, explaining that this infection is transmitted to the newborn through the:

Placenta

Complications of Gestational hypertensive disease

Placental abruption Kidney failure Hepatic rupture Preterm birth Fetal and maternal death

The phenomenon of physiologic anemia of pregnancy occurs because of which of the following?

Plasma volume is greater than the red blood cell mass.

A woman comes to the prenatal clinic suspecting that she is pregnant, and assessment reveals probable signs of pregnancy. Which of the following would be included as part of this assessment? (Select all that apply.)

Positive pregnancy test Ballottement Softening of the cervix

A nurse is caring for a client undergoing treatment for bacterial vaginosis. Which instruction should the nurse give the client to prevent recurrence of bacterial vaginosis?

Practice monogamy

When developing the teaching plan for a client who is HIV positive, the nurse would include which recommendation?

Practice rigid adherence to drug schedule and dosage.

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a woman who is pregnant with twins. The nurse includes interventions focusing on which of the following because of the woman's increased risk?

Preeclampsia

In a clients seventh month of pregnancy, she reports feeling dizzy, like I'm going to pass out, when I lie down flat on my back. The nurse integrates which of the following in to the explanation?

Pressure of the gravid uterus on the vena cava

The nurse is assessing a woman who is pregnant for the first time. Which of the following terms applies to this client?

Primigravida

It maintains the uterine decidual lining and reduces uterine contractions, allowing pregnancy to be maintained

Progesterone

Which hormone is produced in high levels to prepare the endometrium for implantation just after ovulation by the corpus luteum?

Progesterone

After teaching a group of pregnant women about breast-feeding, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which hormone as important for the production of breast milk after childbirth?

Prolactin

After teaching a group of pregnant women about breastfeeding, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which hormone as important for the production of breast milk after birth?

Prolactin

A nurse is preparing a class for a group of women at a family planning clinic about contraceptives. When describing the health benefits of oral contraceptives, which of the following would the nurse most likely include? (Select all that apply.)

Protection against pelvic inflammatory disease Reduced risk for endometrial cancer Improvement in acne

Nursing Management for PMS:

Provide client education about the management of PMS or PMDD; lifestyle changes, balanced diet, participation in exercise classes, reduction of stress

Nursing Management for Amenorrhea:

Provide counseling and client education, discuss the risk factors for later development of osteoporosis and hip fractures

Nursing Management for Infertility:

Provide information, anticipatory guidance, stress management, and counseling

A pregnant woman comes to the clinic for a visit. The nurse screens the client for possible abuse using the RADAR tool. Place the components below in the order in which the nurse would complete them. All options must be used.

R= Routinely screen every client for abuse. A= Affirm feelings and assess abuse D= Document findings. A= Assess for client's safety. R= Respond, review, and make referrals

During a nonstress test, when monitoring the fetal heart rate, the nurse notes that when the expectant mother reports fetal movement, the heart rate increases 15 beats or more above the baseline. The nurse interprets this as:

Reactive pattern

A nurse at a local community clinic is developing a program to address STI prevention. Which of the following would the nurse least likely include in the program?

Recommending screening for symptomatic individuals

A pregnant client arrives at the community clinic reporting fever blisters and cold sores on the lips, eyes, and face. The health care provider has diagnosed it as the primary episode of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV), for which antiviral therapy is recommended. Which information should the nurse offer the client when educating her about managing the infection?

Safety of antiviral therapy during pregnancy has not been established.

Which of the following combination contraceptives has been approved for extended continuous use?

Seasonale (pill)

A pregnant woman reports that she is still playing tennis competitively at 32 weeks of gestation. The nurse would be most concerned that this woman consumes which of the following during and after tennis matches?

Several glasses of fluid

Which of the following activities will increase a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease if she is taking oral contraceptives?

Smoking cigarettes

A woman using the cervical mucus ovulation method of fertility awareness reports that her cervical mucus looks like egg whites. The nurse interprets this as which of the following?

Spinnbarkeit mucus

What condition changes in blood pressure as a result of compression of abdominal blood vessels and decrease in cardiac output when a woman lies down on her back.

Supine hypotensive syndrome

A client is to receive an implantable contraceptive. The nurse describes this contraceptive as containing:

Synthetic progestin

An instructor is teaching a group of students about the incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and those that must be reported by law. The instructor determines that the students have understood the information when they state that which STI must be reported?

Syphilis

A woman hospitalized with severe preeclampsia is being treated with hydralazine to control blood pressure. Which of the following would the lead the nurse to suspect that the client is having an adverse effect associated with this drug?

Tachycardia

A 30 year-old client would like to try using basal body temperature (BBT) as a fertility awareness method. Which instruction should the nurse provide the client?

Take temperature before rising and record it on a chart

Which of the following would the nurse emphasize when teaching postmenopausal women about ways to reduce the risk of osteoporosis?

Taking calcium supplements

A woman will be taking oral contraceptives using a 28-day pack. The nurse should advise this woman to protect against pregnancy by:

Taking one pill at the same time every day.

A man asks the nurse where his sperm are produced (spermatogenesis)?

Testes

The nurse is teaching a health education class on male reproductive anatomy and asks the students to identify the site of sperm production. Which structure, if identified by the group, would indicate to the nurse that the teaching was successful?

Testes

internal male reproductive organs

Testes Epididymis Vas Deferens Seminal Vesicle Prostate Gland Urethra

A 13-year-old boy has begun showing signs of puberty, including appearance of axillary and facial hair, as well as a change in his voice. He asks the nurse what exactly is causing these changes in his body. The nurse should mention which primary hormone that is responsible for these changes?

Testosterone

A woman comes to the clinic complaining that she has little sexual desire. As part of the clients evaluation, the nurse would anticipate the need to evaluate which hormone level?

Testosterone

A nurse is teaching a female client about fertility awareness as a method of contraception. Which should the nurse mention as an assumption for this method?

The "unsafe period" is approximately 6 days

When developing a teaching plan for a couple considering contraception options, which of the following statements would the nurse include?

The best contraceptive is one that you will use correctly and consistently.

A couple is seeking infertility counseling. The practitioner has identified the factors listed below in the woman's health history. Which of these findings may be contributing to the couple's infertility?

The client is 36 yrs old

A nurse has performed disease prevention teaching with a female client who has genital herpes. Which client behavior indicates that the teaching has been successful?

The client washes her hands before and after touching lesions.

endometriosis

The condition when tissue from the lining of the uterus is found outside the uterine cavity

Which statement best expresses the role of the corpus luteum? The corpus luteum promotes the increased production of estrogen before ovulation.

The corpus luteum secretes progesterone to promote the preparation of the endometrium for implantation.

The nurse has taught a couple about the temperature rhythm method of fertility control. Which of the following behaviors should indicate that the teaching was effective?

The couple charts information from at least six menstrual cycles before using the method.

The nurse is caring for a pregnant Arab American woman. Which statement most accurately describes the client's potential health care beliefs?

The husband makes all the health care decisions for the wife.

After teaching a group of students about the concept of maternal mortality, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students state which of the following?

The rate includes accidental causes for deaths.

A pregnant woman must have a glucose challenge test (GCT). Which of the following should be included in the preprocedure teaching?

The test should take one hour to complete.

luteal phase

The third phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen during this time period, which typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle. Formation of the corpus luteum is triggered by the same LH surge that triggers ovulation, however, in the absence of LH (levels quickly decline after the surge) the corpus luteum begins to degenerate.

secretory phase

The third phase of the uterin (endometrial) cycle, during which the rebuilt endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. The secretory phase is primarily under the control of progesterone and estrogen (secreted from the corpus luteum during this time period), adn typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle.

it is hard to breath during pregnancy because

The uterus presses on the diaphram

The nurse is assessing a pregnant woman in the second trimester. Which of the following tasks would indicate to the nurse that the client is incorporating the maternal role into her personality?

The woman acknowledges the fetus as a separate entity within her.

A couple is seeking advice regarding actions that they can take to increase their potential of becoming pregnant. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse give to the couple?

The woman should refrain from douching

A woman who is HIV-positive is receiving HAART and is having difficulty with compliance. To promote adherence, which of the following areas would be most important to assess initially?

The woman's beliefs and education

During a presentation on sexually transmitted infections (STIs), a participant asks the nurse why STIs occur more often in women. What would the nurse address as a possible reason?

The woman's moist vaginal environment is highly conducive to microbial growth.

A nurse is caring for a client who has given birth. The client reports that her breast milk is dark yellow. Which information should the nurse give to the client regarding the situation?

The yellow fluid is colostrum and is rich in maternal antibodies.

A client with genital herpes simplex infection asks the nurse, Will I ever be cured of this infection? Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?

There is no cure, but drug therapy helps to reduce symptoms and recurrences.

A client in her second trimester of pregnancy asks the nurse for information regarding certain oral medications to induce a miscarriage. What information should this client be given about such medications?

They can only be taken in the first trimester.

How does an IUD prevent pregnancy?

They prevent pregnancy by making the endometrium of the uterus hostile to implantation of a fertilized ovum, by causing a nonspecific inflammatory reaction

The nurse is teaching a couple trying to conceive about the changes in the cervical mucus near the time of ovulation. The nurse determines the session is successful when the couple correctly choose mucus in which form as indicating ovulation has occurred?

Thin and copious

Gestational hypertension (GH)

This disorder begins after the 20th week of pregnancy where BP s elevated at 140/90 mm Hg or greater recorded at least twice, 4-6 hours apart within a 1 week period

At a health education class for teenagers, the nurse discusses the sexually transmitted infection chlamydia trachomatis. Which information would the nurse most likely include?

This infection is the most common infectious cause of infertility.

The nurse is explaining about the function of the mons pubis to a client. Which explanation describes the function of the mons pubis?

To protect the pelvic bones during sexual intercourse

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections is characterized by a foul smelling , yellow-green discharge that is often accompanied by vaginal pain and dyspareunia?

Trichomoniasis

A pregnant woman in the 36th week of gestation complains that her feet are quite swollen at the end of the day. After careful assessment, the nurse determines that this is an expected finding at this stage of pregnancy. Which intervention would be most appropriate for the nurse to suggest?

Try elevating your legs when you sit.

When the nurse enters the room to take Miss Jones blood pressure, the patient is lying on her back watching television. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse?

Turn the patient on her left side, turn off the television, and return in 20 minutes to evaluate her blood pressure.

A nurse assesses that a 15-year-old female client has not developed secondary sexual characteristics, is short in stature, and has a webbed neck. The nurse identifies this as being most likely related to which diagnosis?

Turner syndrome

A primiparous client is being seen in the clinic for her first prenatal visit. It is determined that she is 11 weeks pregnant. The nurse develops a teaching plan to educate the client about what she will most likely experience during this period. Which of the following would the nurse include?

Urinary frequency

After teaching a group of students about the discomforts of pregnancy, the students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which as common during the first trimester? (Select all that apply.)

Urinary frequency B) Breast tenderness C) Cravings

A nursing student is reviewing an article about preterm premature rupture of membranes. Which of the following would the student expect to find as factor placing a woman at high risk for this condition? (Select all that apply.)

Urinary tract infection Low socioeconomic status Smoking

An HIV-positive client who is on antiretroviral therapy reports anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Which suggestion should the nurse offer the client to cope with this condition?

Use high-protein supplements. to provide quick and easy protein and calories.

HIV prevention

Use of condoms and sterile needles Use of the drug Truvada® for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by individuals at risk of sexual exposure or exposure due to use of injected drugs Use of anti-HIV drugs to Reduce risk of mother-baby transmission Prevent infection of health care workers accidentally exposed

The nurse is creating a diagram that illustrates the components of the male reproductive system. Which structure would be inappropriate for the nurse to include as an accessory gland?

Vas deferens

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the male reproductive structures. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as accessory organs? (Select all that apply.)

Vas deferens Bulbourethral glands Prostate gland

The nurse knows that headache associated with preeclampsia is due to which physiologic change?

Vasoconstriction

what is the underlying mechanism for the manifestations of pregnancy hypertensive disorders.

Vasospasm contributing to poor tissue perfusion

Which of the following measures helps prevent osteoporosis?

Walking daily

A pregnant woman in her second trimester tells the nurse, I've been passing a lot of gas and feel bloated. Which of the following suggestions would be helpful for the woman? Select all that apply

Watch how much beans and onions you eat. Try exercising a little more. Some say that eating mints can help.

A nurse is caring for a female client who has a history of recurring vulvovaginal candidiasis. Which instruction should the nurse include in the teaching session with the client?

Wear white, 100% cotton underpants.

The patient is admitted to the OB triage area with the working diagnosis of preeclampsia which of the following assessment findings are consistent with a diagnosis of preeclampsia (select all that apply)

Weight gain of 8 pounds in two weeks, blood pressure 146/92, protein dipstick 2+

After teaching a group of students about premenstrual syndrome, the instructor determines that additional teaching is needed when the students identify which of the following as a prominent assessment finding?

Weight loss

A nurse is working to develop a health education program for a local community to address breast cancer awareness. Which of the following would the nurse expect to include when describing this problem to the group? Select all that apply.

White women have higher rates of breast cancer than African American women. Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in women.

Miss Jones tells the nurse, "my hands are so puffy that I can't get my rings off. Is this normal? "What is the best explanation by the nurse

With preeclampsia, fluid shifts within your circulatory system to the cells in your tissue, which results in swelling in places like your hands and face

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local women's group about heart disease and women. Which of the following would the nurse expect to address when discussing measures to promote health.

Women experiencing a heart attack are at greater risk for dying.

Which statement is false regarding screening for intimate partner violence in women?

Women tend to fit a profile of abuse, and victims tend to share similar physical characteristics.

The nurse at a fertility clinic determines the risk factors for clients using oral contraceptives. Which client would be at highest risk for heart attack or stroke related to use of these contraceptives?

a 38-year-old woman who smokes

The nurse has assessed several clients who have arrived for routine appointments. The nurse predicts the health care provider will prioritize a bone density scan for which client?

a 55-year-old Caucasian smoker, family history of osteoporosis

Which woman is at greatest risk for developing cervical cancer?

a client whose high-risk HPV infection persists in genital skin cells

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

a condition characterized by abnormal bleeding often due to an imbalance in hormone level changes

the two day method

a fertility awareness technique that relies on careful observation of secretions from the cervix to predict ovulation

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

a group of symptoms experienced by some women within the 2-week period before menstruation

A client has been admitted with primary syphilis. Which signs or symptoms should the nurse expect to see with this diagnosis?

a painless genital ulcer that appeared about 3 weeks after unprotected sex.

A 40-year-old woman with gray, runny vaginal discharge that has a foul, fishy odor has been told that she most likely has vaginosis. What most likely contributed to her present condition?

a sharp reduction in the number of lactobacilli in the client's vaginal flora

nulligravida

a woman who has never been pregnant

A nurse is engaged in primary prevention activities for HPV. The nurse would be most likely involved with which activity?

administering HPV vaccine

The nurse knows that preeclampsia tends to occur during what time in a pregnancy?

after 20 weeks

Hyperemesis gravidarum may be associated with

altered thyroid function.

The nurse is assessing a client for amenorrhea. During the assessment, the nurse notes facial hair and acne. The nurse knows this could be related to

an androgen excess secondary to a tumor

A 24-year-old female presents with vulvar pruritus accompanied by irritation, pain on urination, erythema, and an odorless, thick, acid vaginal discharge. She denies sexual activity during the last six months. Her records show that she has diabetes mellitus and uses oral contraceptives. Which category of antimicrobial medication is most likely to clear her symptoms?

an azole antifungal agent

Symptoms of diabetes mellitus may disappear a few weeks following delivery. However____________

approximately 50% of women will develop diabetes mellitus within 5 years.

vasectomy

bilateral surgical removal of a part of the vas deferens

metrorrhagia

bleeding between periods

tubal ligation

blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring

HIV transmission

blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk

A nurse is caring for a client in the clinic. Which sign or symptom may indicate that the client has gonorrhea?

burning on urination

A client is diagnosed with chlamydia and is receiving azithromycin as treatment. In addition to this medication, the nurse anticipates that the client will also be prescribed which drug?

ceftriaxone

The nurse who is teaching STI prevention to college students states the risks associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). What would the nurse state as being the greatest danger with this disease?

cervical cancer

A nurse is required to assess a client reporting unusual vaginal discharge for bacterial vaginosis. For which classic manifestation of this condition should the nurse assess?

characteristic "stale fish" odor

Tertiary stage of syphilis

characterized by disease affecting the heart, eyes, central nervous system and skin

A nurse is teaching a group of pregnant young women about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the possible effects that may occur in the fetus or newborn. Which STIs would the nurse describe as being transmitted to the newborn during birth? Select all that apply.

chlamydia gonorrhea genital herpes HIV

A client with a family history of cervical cancer is to undergo a Pap test. During the client education, what group should the nurse include as at risk for cervical cancer?

clients who have genital warts

A group of nursing students are comparing the male and female reproductive organs. The instructor determines the class is successful when the students correctly deduce the male glans penis is complementary to which female structure?

clitoris

During unprotected sex, a 17-year-old female high school senior has been exposed to the human papillomavirus (HPV). The school nurse would recognize that the student is at a considerable risk of developing which diagnosis?

condylomata acuminata

primary amenorrhea causes

congenital defects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone production genetic disorders trauma infection tumors

Throughout life, a woman's most proactive activity to promote her health would be to engage in:

consistent exercise

The nurse is providing care to a pregnant client from the Middle East. The client tells the nurse that she will not make a decision without her husband's approval. The nurse interprets this statement as reflecting:

cultural difference.

Which finding would the nurse most likely find in a male diagnosed with a chlamydia trachomatis infection?

dysuria (painful urination)

Clients who have had PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) are prone to which complication?

ectopic pregnancy

When developing a program for STI prevention, which action would need to be done first?

educating on how to promote sexual health.

While providing preconception counseling to a couple, the nurse explains that during development the fetus is most vulnerable to damaging agents during the:

embryonic period.

The signs and symptoms of preeclampsia are mainly occurring because substances released by the ischemic placenta causes damage to the ___________in mom's body, which injures organs.

endothelial cells

When teaching a group of postmenopausal women about hot flashes and night sweats, the nurse would address which primary cause?

estrogen deficiency

What is the vulva?

external genitalia that protects the urethral and vaginal openings

A nurse is conducting an in-service education program about the female reproductive cycle for a group of nurses working at a women's health clinic. When describing the phases of the endometrial cycle, the nurse would explain that the proliferative phase of the endometrial cycle corresponds to which phase in the ovarian cycle?

follicular

After teaching a health education class on the female reproductive cycle, the nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the group identifies which phase as belonging to the ovarian cycle?

follicular phase

A nurse is caring for clients who have a history of genital herpes infection. The client most at risk for an outbreak of genital herpes is the client who reports

genital pruritus and paresthesia.

Condylomata acuminata

genital warts

A newborn is diagnosed with ophthalmia neonatorum. The nurse understands that this newborn was exposed to which infection?

gonorrhea

The nurse is discussing the insulin needs of a primaparous client with diabetes who has been using insulin for the past few years. The nurse informs the client that her insulin needs will increase during pregnancy based on the nurses understanding that the placenta produces:

hPL, which deceases the effectiveness of insulin

menometrorrhagia

heavy, irregular menstruation at irregular intervals

HELLP stands for

hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

An expectant mother is on heparin for previous blood clots and voicing concerns about how her medications will affect her baby. The nurse would inform the mother that:

heparin does not cross the placenta and is safe for her to take.

The nurse in a sexual health clinic is reviewing the history of a 30-year-old homosexual client who is an IV drug addict and diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Which therapy would the nurse expect to include in his care?

hepatitis A and hepatitis B recombinant vaccine

Which STI could be transmitted perinatally?

herpes simplex

The community health nurse is teaching sexually transmitted infections to a high school health class. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies what potential cause for cognitive challenges in the newborn?

herpes type II (genital herpes)

A group of students is reviewing class material on sexually transmitted infections in preparation for a test. The students demonstrate an understanding of the material when they identify which cause of condylomata (genital warts)

human papillomavirus

secondary infertility

inability to conceive after a previous pregnancy

Which is considered a normal physiologic change during pregnancy?

increased cardiac output

The nurse explains to a client diagnosed with trichomoniasis that the disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. What would the nurse say is a factor that triggers growth of trichomoniasis?

irritation of vaginal walls

Scabies

is an intense pruritic dermatitis caused by a mite

laparoscopy

is the direct visualization of the internal organs with a lighted instrument inserted through an abdominal incision.

Ischemic phase of menstrual cycle

it coincides with constriction of the spiral arteries of the endometrium that results from decreasing secretion of estrogen and progesterone. The ischemia results in shrinkage and degeneration of the endometrium.

Primary stage of syphilis

large, ulcer-like, painless sore

Which stage or period of syphilis occurs when the infected person has no signs or symptoms of syphilis?

latency

A nurse is conducting an assessment of a client who is suspected of having pelvic inflammatory disease. Which finding would the nurse identify as mandatory for the diagnosis to be made? Select all that apply.

lower abdominal tenderness adnexal tenderness cervical motion tenderness

Biophysical Profile (BPP)

measures the health of the baby (fetus) during pregnancy

anterior pituitary stimulate ___________stimulating hormone that causes the areola to darken and linea nigra in the abdomen

melanocyte

-gravida

number of pregnancies

iron deficiency anemia

occurs during pregnancy due to inadequacy in maternal iron stores and consuming insufficient amounts of dietary iron

A client is trying to have a baby and wants to know the best time to have intercourse to increase the chances of pregnancy. Which time for intercourse is ideal to help her chances of conceiving?

one or two days before ovulation

The ovarian cycle describes the series of events associated with the development of the ______ within the ovaries.

ovum or ova

dyspareunia

painful intercourse

primary dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation that begins at puberty and has no clear cause

secondary dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation that begins during adult life, usually as a consequence of a pelvic disorder

A woman and her partner have been trying to conceive for over 2 years without success. Ultrasound imaging reveals scarring of her fallopian tubes, which appears to be the primary cause of subfertility. What is the most likely cause of the scarring?

pelvic inflammatory disease

Which of the following exercises should be taught to a pregnant woman who complains of backaches?Question options:

pelvic tilting

What is the medication of choice for early syphilis?

penicillin G benzathine

Hormonal contraception methods

pill patch depo provera shot vaginal ring Implant Intrauterine Contraception (IUD) Emergency contraception

two types of amenorrhea

primary and secondary

seminal vesicles function

produce semen which drains into vas deferens

What is the function of the testes?

produce sperm and testosterone

A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a woman who is planning to become pregnant. Which hormone secreted by the corpus luteum would the nurse include in the discussion when describing how the endometrium is prepped for egg implantation?

progesterone

basal temperature

refers to the lowest temperature and is reached upon awakening

progesterone__________the ligaments

relaxes

anterior pituitary

responsive for prolactin milk letdown

The nurse was teaching a college student how to properly take the prescribed combination oral contraceptive (COC). The nurse determines the session is successful when the client correctly chooses which instruction to follow when taking the COC?

same time of day, each day

male external reproductive organs

scrotum penis forskin

prostate gland function

secrete milky alkaline fluid to urethra to neutralize urine/seminal fluid acidity and possibly vagina acidity

Cowper glands (bulbourethral)

secretes alkaline mucus due to sexual stimulation

A nurse is conducting a program about genital herpes infection at a community clinic. The nurse determines that additional discussion is needed when the group identifies which activity as a means of transmission?

sharing contaminated needles

intrauterine device (IUD)

small, T-shaped device inserted by a physician inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy

Hegar's sign

softening and compressibility of lower uterus

Epididymis function

sperm maturation and storage

During the admission assessment, the nurse notes many café-au-lait spots on the client's trunk, back, neck, and legs and suspects that she has neurofibromatosis. The client's chart confirms that she has neurofibromatosis type 1. Based on the nurse's knowledge of neurofibromatosis, the nurse understands that a single family member has a:

spontaneous mutation.

Prophylactic cervical cerclage

surgical reinforcement of the cervix with a heavy ligature (suture) that is placed submucosally around the cervix to strengthen it and prevent premature cervical dilation.

A nurse is describing the cycle of violence to a group of women at a community clinic. The nurse determines that the women have understood the information when they identify which phase as usually lasting the longest?

tension building

Estrogen

the hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release prolactin promote blood clotting

The nursing instructor is teaching a group of nursing students about the menstrual cycle. The instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly choose which action as responsible for the increased thickness of the endometrium?

the increasing level of estrogen

external female reproductive organs

the labia majora, the labia minora, the clitoris Vaginal opening Perineum

perimenopause

the ovary begins to falter, producing irregular and missed periods and an occasional hot flash

A client who has been treated for recurring gonorrhea visits the sexual health clinic reporting dysuria, urinary frequency, and whitish-yellow vaginal discharge. A pelvic examination reveals cervicitis. How would the nurse interpret these findings?

the possibility of a chlamydia infection

secondary stage of syphilis

the second stage of syphilis, occurring several months after infection, during which the chancre has disappeared and a generalized body rash appears

A school nurse is talking to an adolescent, who asks her about why she has monthly menstrual cycles. The best explanation that the nurse can offer the adolescent regarding the menstrual phase is to tell her that:

the uterine lining is being shed due to lowering of hormone levels.

A nurse is working as part of a team to address the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in the community. Based on the nurse's understanding of the groups at highest risk, the team would most likely focus their efforts on which population?

those under age 25

Copious amounts of frothy, greenish vaginal discharge would be a symptom of which infection?

trichomoniasis

The nurse is assessing a 15-year-old female who reports extreme itching in the genital area, dysuria, and foul-smelling, yellow, foamy, vaginal discharge. What would most likely be responsible for these symptoms?

trichomoniasis

Permanent methods of contraception

tubal ligation Essure vasectomy

Contraception: Sterilization

tubal ligation and vasectomy

It is a pear shaped muscular organ at the top of the vagina

uterus

internal female reproductive organs

vagina uterus fallopian tubes ovaries cervix

A nurse is assisting with a pelvic exam on a client who is suspected of having trichomoniasis. Which findings would the nurse note as helping to confirm this diagnosis? Select all that apply.

vaginal erythema cervical petechiae cervical bleeding with touched.

A nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. What is a symptom of bacterial vaginosis?

vaginal odor smelling of fish.

high level of estrogen can cause an increase risk of

venous thromboembolism

Which finding would alert the nurse to suspect that a client has a yeast infection?

vulvar burning and itching

A woman comes to the clinic reporting intense pruritus and a thick curd-like vaginal discharge. On examination, white plaques on observed on the vaginal wall. The nurse suspects which condition?

vulvovaginal candidiasis

When assessing a woman for premenstrual syndrome, which of the following would the nurse be least likely to find?

weight loss

What nutritional information would be included in the discharge instructions for a patient with hyperemesis gravidarum?

■ Advance the client to clear liquids after 24 hr if no vomiting. ■ Advance the client's diet, as tolerated, with frequent, small meals. Start with dry toast, crackers, or cereal; then move to a soft diet; and finally to a normal diet as tolerated. ■ In severe cases, or if vomiting returns, enteral nutrition per feeding tube or total parental nutrition (TPN) may be considered

Which diagnostic procedures would the nurse anticipate for a patient with GDM?

■ Biophysical profile to ascertain fetal well-being ■ Amniocentesis with alpha-fetoprotein ■ Nonstress test to assess fetal well-being

A nurse is caring for a patient with Hyperemesis Gravidarum. What assessment findings would the nurse observe and document for a patent with this condition?

■ Excessive vomiting for prolonged periods and diarrhea ■ Dehydration with possible electrolyte imbalance ■ Weight loss ■ Increased pulse rate ■ Decreased blood pressure ■ Poor skin turgor and dry mucous membranes

What are the laboratory findings for Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy?

■ Hgb less than 11 mg/dL in the first and third trimesters and less than 10.5 mg/dL in the second trimester ■ Hct less than 33%

What assessment data would the nurse recognize as relating to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus?

■ Hypoglycemia (nervousness, headache, weakness, irritability, hunger, blurred vision, tingling of mouth or extremities) ■ Hyperglycemia (thirst, nausea, abdominal pain, frequent urination, flushed dry skin, fruity breath) ■ Hypoglycemia ■ Shaking ■ Clammy pale skin ■ Shallow respirations ■ Rapid pulse ■ Hyperglycemia ■ Vomiting ■ Excess weight gain during pregnancy

What are the discharge instructions for a patient with GH?

■ Maintain the client on bed rest, and encourage side-lying position. ■ Promote diversional activities. ■ Have the client avoid foods that are high in sodium. ■ Have the client avoid alcohol and limit caffeine. ■ Instruct the client to increase her fluid intake to 8 glasses/day. ■ Maintain a dark quiet environment to avoid stimuli that may precipitate a seizure. ■ Maintain a patent airway in the event of a seizure. ■ Administer antihypertensive medications as prescribed.

What laboratory tests and findings are related to GDM?

■ Routine urinalysis with glycosuria ■ A glucola screening test/1-hr glucose tolerance test (50 g oral glucose load, followed by plasma glucose analysis 1 hr later performed at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation - fasting not necessary; a positive blood glucose screening is 130 to 140 mg/dL or greater; additional testing with a 3-hr oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] is indicated) ■ An OGTT (following overnight fasting, avoidance of caffeine, and abstinence from smoking for 12 hr prior to testing; a fasting glucose is obtained, a 100 g glucose load is given, and serum glucose levels are determined at 1, 2, and 3 hr following glucose ingestion) ■ Presence of ketones in urine is tested to assess the severity of ketoacidosis

What are the nursing consideration when administering Magnesium sulfate to a patient with GH?

■ Use an infusion control device to maintain a regular flow rate. ■ Inform the client that she may initially feel flushed, hot, and sedated with the magnesium sulfate bolus. ■ Monitor the client's blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, deep-tendon reflexes, level of consciousness, urinary output (indwelling urinary catheter for accuracy), presence of headache, visual disturbances, epigastric pain, uterine contractions, and FHR and activity. ■ Place the client on fluid restriction of 100 to 125 mL/hr, and maintain a urinary output of 30 mL/hr or greater. ■ Monitor the client for signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity.

What are the risk factors for Hyperemesis gravidarum?

● Maternal age younger than 20 years ● History of migraines ● Obesity ● First pregnancy ● Multifetal gestation ● Gestational trophoblastic disease or fetus with chromosomal anomaly ● Psychosocial issues and high levels of emotional stress ● Transient hyperthyroidism

What objective data during a physical assessment are associated with GH?

● Objective Data ◯ Physical assessment findings ■ Hypertension ■ Proteinuria ■ Periorbital, facial, hand, and abdominal edema ■ Pitting edema of lower extremities ■ Vomiting ■ Oliguria ■ Hyperreflexia ■ Scotoma (blind spots) ■ Epigastric pain ■ Right upper quadrant pain ■ Dyspnea ■ Diminished breath sounds ■ Seizures ■ Jaundice ■ Signs of progression of hypertensive disease with indications of worsening liver involvement, renal failure, worsening hypertension, cerebral involvement, and developing coagulopathies

A nurse is preparing to teach a client who is at 20 weeks of gestation and is to undergo a prophylactic cervical cerclage. What should be included in the teaching?

● Remain on activity restrictions/bed rest as prescribed. ● Increase hydration to promote a relaxed uterus. ● Refrain from sexual intercourse. ● Signs and symptoms to report to the provider: preterm labor, rupture of membranes, signs of infection, strong contractions less than 5 min apart, perineal pressure, and the urge to push. ● Use of home uterine activity monitor. ● Home health agency to follow up. ● Plan for removal of the cerclage at 37 weeks of gestation.

What subjective assessment data are associated with gestational hypertension?

● Subjective Data ◯ Severe continuous headache ◯ Nausea ◯ Blurring of vision/ Flashes of lights or dots before the eyes

Identify two potential Complications of cervical cerclage

● uterine contractions ● Rupture of membranes ● Infection

What are the medication considerations for GDM?

◯ Administer insulin as prescribed.

What are the nursing care actions for a patient with GH?

◯ Assess the client's level of consciousness. ◯ Obtain pulse oximetry. ◯ Monitor the client's urine output and obtain a clean-catch urine sample to assess for proteinuria. ◯ Obtain daily weights. Monitor vital signs. ◯ Encourage lateral positioning. ◯ Perform NST and daily kick counts as prescribed. ◯ Instruct the client to monitor I&O.

What medications would the nurse administer to a patient with Iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy?

◯ Ferrous sulfate (325 mg) iron supplements twice daily ☐ Instruct the client to take the supplement on an empty stomach. ☐ Encourage a diet rich in vitamin C-containing foods to increase absorption. ☐ Suggest that the client increase roughage and fluid intake in diet to assist with discomforts of constipation. ◯ Iron dextran (Imferon) ■ Used in the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia when oral iron supplements cannot be tolerated by the client who is pregnant.

What are the risk factors for Iron-deficiency anemia related to pregnancy?

◯ Less than 2 years between pregnancies ◯ Heavy menses ◯ Diet low in iron

Risk factors for Gestational Hypertensive Disease

◯ Maternal age younger than 20 or older than 40 ◯ First pregnancy ◯ Morbid obesity ◯ Multifetal gestation ◯ Chronic renal disease ◯ Chronic hypertension ◯ Familiar history of preeclampsia ◯ Diabetes mellitus ◯ Rh incompatibility ◯ Molar pregnancy ◯ Previous history of GH

What are the GDM risks to the fetus?

◯ Spontaneous abortion, which is related to poor glycemic control. ◯ Infections (urinary and vaginal), which are related to increased glucose in the urine and decreased resistance because of altered carbohydrate metabolism. ◯ Hydramnios, which can cause overdistention of the uterus, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and hemorrhage. ◯ Ketoacidosis from diabetogenic effect of pregnancy (increased insulin resistance), untreated hyperglycemia, or inappropriate insulin dosing. ◯ Hypoglycemia, which is caused by overdosing in insulin, skipped or late meals, or increased exercise. ◯ Hyperglycemia, which can cause excessive fetal growth (macrosomia).

What are the signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity?

☐ Absence of patellar deep tendon reflexes ☐ Urine output less than 30 mL/hr ☐ Respirations less than 12/min ☐ Decreased level of consciousness ☐ Cardiac dysrhythmias

A 19-year-old pregnant client presents to the office for the third time this week. While completing the client's admission, the nurse screens for abuse. The client responds, "I have already told you twice this week I am not being abused. Why do you keep asking me these questions?" What is the nurse's best response?

"We screen all clients for abuse during every visit."

A woman inquires about herbal alternative methods for improving fertility. Which statement by the nurse is the most appropriate when instructing the client in which herbal preparations to avoid while trying to conceive?

"You may want to avoid licorice root, lavender, fennel, sage, and thyme while you are trying to conceive."

Which of the following changes in the musculoskeletal system would the nurse mention when teaching a group of pregnant women about the physiologic changes of pregnancy?

Increased lordosis

A nurse is caring for a client who has suspected hyperemesis gravidarum and is reviewing the client's laboratory reports. Which of the following findings is a clinical manifestation of this condition?

Urine ketones present

A nurse is caring for a client who was raped at gunpoint. The client does not want any photos taken of her injuries. The client also does not want the police to be informed about the incident even though state laws require reporting life-threatening injuries. Which intervention should the nurse perform to document and report the findings of the case?

Use direct quotes and specific language.

Oral contraceptive called Minipills contain only

progestin and works primarily by thickening the cervical mucus to prevent penetration of the sperm and make the endothelium unfavorable for implantation

In the male, the ______gland lies just under the bladder in the pelvis and surrounds the middle portion of the urethra

prostate

A pregnant woman comes to the clinic for a prenatal visit for her third pregnancy. She reveals she had a previous miscarriage at 12 weeks and her 3-year-old son was born at 32 weeks. How should the nurse document this woman's obstetric history?

G3, T0, P1, A1, L1

GTPAL

G= number of total pregnancies T= full term P= # of preterm pregnancies A= # of abortion/miscarriages L = # of living children

A nursing instructor is describing the various childbirth methods. Which of the following would the instructor include as part of the Lamaze method?

Use of specific breathing and relaxation techniques

The nurse is explaining the phases of the uterine cycle to a client. What action during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle should the nurse include in the teaching session with the client?

While the ovarian follicles are producing increased amounts of estrogen, the endometrium prepares for possible fertilization with pronounced growth.

What information should the nurse teach to a patient with GDM?

■ Instruct the client to perform daily kick counts. ■ Educate the client about diet and exercise. ■ Instruct the client about self-administration of insulin. ■ Educate the client about the need for postpartum laboratory testing to include OGTT and blood glucose levels

What are the abnormal laboratory findings that are associated with GH?

◯ Elevated liver enzymes (LDH, AST) ◯ Increased creatinine ◯ Increased plasma uric acid ◯ Thrombocytopenia ◯ Decreased Hgb ◯ Hyperbilirubinemia

What assessment data would be noted regarding Iron-deficiency anemia?

◯ Fatigue ◯ Irritability ◯ Headache ◯ Shortness of breath with exertion ◯ Palpitations ◯ Craving unusual food (pica) ■ Pallor/ Brittle nails ■ Shortness of breath

When caring for a client with reproductive issues, the nurse is required to clear up misconceptions. This enable new learning to take hold and a better client response to whichever methods are explored and ultimately selected. Which misconceptions will the nurse need to clear up? Select all that apply.

* Taking birth control pills protect against sexually transmitted infections * Douching after sex will prevent pregnancy * Irregular menstruation prevents pregnancy

It is determined that a clients blood Rh is negative and her partners is positive. To help prevent Rh isoimmunization, the nurse anticipates that the client will receive RhoGAM at which time?

At 28 weeks gestation and again within 72 hours after delivery

A woman is at 20 weeks gestation. The nurse would expect to find the fundus at which of the following?

At the level of the umbilicus

The nurse is examining a pregnant female in her third trimester and measuring to determine if fetal growth has increased. Where would the nurse place the measuring tape?

At the top of the fundus

A client is receiving ceftriaxone as treatment for gonorrhea. What would be most important for the nurse to emphasize to the client?

Avoid alcohol consumption.

A client reporting genital warts has been diagnosed with human papillomavirus (HPV). The genital warts have been treated, and they have disappeared. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching plan when educating the client about the condition?

Even after warts are removed, HPV still remains.

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of women at the clinic who have been diagnosed with genital herpes. Which of the following would the nurse expect to include as a possible precipitating factor for a recurrent outbreak? (Select all that apply.)

Exposure to ultraviolet light Use of corticosteroids Emotional stress Sexual intercourse.

After teaching a group of nursing students about the possible causes of spontaneous abortion, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which of the following as the most common cause of first trimester abortions?

Fetal genetic abnormalities

A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local community group about health status and childrens health. which of the following would the nurse include as one of the most significant measures

Infant mortality rate

A client with a history of HSV-2 infection asks the nurse about future sexual activity. Which response would be most appropriate?

Inform all potential sexual partners about the infection, even if it is inactive.

When describing the male sexual response to a group of students, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when they identify emission as which of the following?

Movement of sperm from the testes and fluid into the urethras

Nursing Management of Infertility

Respect for couple Education, anticipatory guidance, stress management, counseling Assistance in decision making; advocacy Assistance with financial strategies

A nurse is administering magnesium sulfate IV to a client who has severe preeclampsia for seizure prophylaxis. Which of the following indicates magnesium sulfate toxicity? (Select all that apply.)

Respirations fewer than 12/min Urinary output less than 30 mL/hr Decreased level of consciousness

Which glands are located on either side of the female urethra and secrete mucus to keep the opening moist and lubricated for urination?

Skene's

Which medications are used to treat Gestational Hypertension?

◯ Antihypertensive medications ■ Methyldopa (Aldomet). ■ Nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia). ■ Hydralazine (Apresoline, Neopresol). ■ Labetalol hydrochloride (Normodyne, Trandate). ■ Avoid ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers. ◯ Anticonvulsant medications ■ Magnesium sulfate. ■ The medication of choice for prophylaxis or treatment to lower blood pressure and depress the CNS.

Ectoparasites

are a common cause of skin rash and pruritus throughout the world.

A school health nurse is providing education to a group of adolescents regarding the proper procedure for male condom use. The nurse knows the teaching has been effective when which statement is made by a student?

"Withdraw the penis erect, holding the condom firmly against the penis."

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is a common approach for women with blocked fallopian tubes or unexplained infertility and for men with very low sperm counts. A husband and wife have arrived for their preprocedural interview. The husband asks the nurse to explain what the procedure entails. The nurse's most appropriate response is:

"IVF is a type of assisted reproductive therapy that involves collecting eggs from your wife's ovaries, fertilizing them in the lab with your sperm, and transferring the embryo to her uterus."

You're providing an inservice to a group of new labor and delivery graduates about the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Which statement by one of the group participants demonstrate they understood how this condition develops?

"The placenta experiences ischemia because the spiral arteries of the uterus fail to reshape and increase in diameter."

STD with cervicitis

* Chlamydia * Gonorrhea

Vaccine that prevents STD

* HPV * Hep A, B, C

With regard to the use of intrauterine devices (IUDs), nurses should be aware that:

IUDs containing copper can provide an emergency contraception option if inserted within a few days of unprotected intercourse.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis

If not treated effectively during pregnancy, can cause the newborn to contract an oral infection known as Thrush during the birth process.

A pregnant woman has a rubella titer drawn on her first prenatal visit. The nurse explains that this test measures which of the following?

Immunity to German measles

A nursing instructor is preparing a class discussion on case management in maternal and newborn health care. Which of the following would the instructor include as a key component? Select all that apply.

Advocacy Coordination Communication Resource management

The nurse is teaching a pregnant woman about recommended weight gain. The woman has a prepregnancy body mass index of 26. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the woman states that she should gain no more than which amount during pregnancy?

15 to 25 pounds

A male client has undergone a semen analysis for evaluation of fertility. The nurse understands that which sperm count would suggest infertility?

18 million/mL

A primary care provider tells a client to return 2 to 3 months after treatment to have a repeat culture done to verify the cure. This prescription would be appropriate for a woman with which condition?

gonorrhea

After teaching a class on preventing pelvic inflammatory disease, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which of the following as an effective method?

Emphasizing the need for infected sexual partners to receive treatment

Nursing Management for Endometriosis:

Encourage healthy lifestyle and diet, exercise, sleep, and stress management; referrals to support groups and internet sources

Which findings would the nurse expect to find in a client with bacterial vaginosis?

Fish-like odor of discharge

A small amount of breast milk is obtained for culture and sensitivity testing from a client with mastitis. The nurse would expect the results to identify which organism as the most likely cause?

Staphylococcus aureus

Adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

A female client with genital herpes is prescribed acyclovir as treatment. After teaching the client about this treatment, which statement by the client indicates effective teaching?

This drug will help to suppress any symptoms of the infection.

fertility awareness methods

methods of birth control that attempt to prevent conception by having a couple abstain from sexual intercourse during the woman's ovulation

A Biophysical profile has been completed on a pregnant woman. The nurse interprets which score as normal?

9

Upon entering the room of a client who has had a spontaneous abortion, the nurse observes the client crying. Which of the following responses by the nurse would be most appropriate?

I'm sorry you lost your baby.

A client who is 4 months pregnant is at the prenatal clinic for her initial visit. Her history reveals she has 7- year-old twins who were born at 34 weeks gestation, a 2-year old son born at 39 weeks gestation, and a spontaneous abortion 1 year ago at 6 weeks gestation. Using the GTPAL method, the nurse would document her obstetric history as:

4 1 1 1 3

follicular phase

The first phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a follicle (an oocyte and its surrounding cells) enlarges and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary, and typically lasts from day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle. The follicle secretes estrogen during this time period.

secondary amenorrhea

the absence of menstruation after a period of normal menses

A nurse is caring for a client who has just given birth to a baby. Which information should the nurse give the client regarding hepatitis B vaccination for the baby?

Vaccine consists of a series of three injections given within 6 months.

Which female reproductive tract structure would the nurse describe to a group of young women as containing rugae that enable it to dilate during labor and birth?

Vagina

parity

the client communicates outcome of previous pregnancies

Infertility

the condition of being unable to reproduce

A pregnant woman comes to the clinic and tells the nurse that she has been having a whitish vaginal discharge. The nurse suspects vulvovaginal candidiasis based on which assessment finding?

Vaginal itching

Primary amenorrhea

the failure to begin menstruating by age 16

A woman is receiving magnesium sulfate as part of her treatment for severe preeclampsia. The nurse is monitoring the woman's serum magnesium levels. Which level would the nurse identify as therapeutic?

6.1 mEq/L

The ideal blood glucose level during pregnancy should fall between

70 and 110 mg/dL.

You care for a woman in a prenatal clinic who thinks she might be pregnant. Which of the following assessments is a probable sign of pregnancy?

A positive pregnancy test

medical abortion methods

A procedure that uses medication to end a pregnancy. It doesn't require surgery or anesthesia and can be started either in a medical office or at home with follow-up visits to your doctor. It's safer and most effective during the first trimester of pregnancy.

A woman comes to the clinic because she has been unable to conceive. When reviewing the woman's history, which of the following would the nurse least likely identify as a possible risk factor?

Age of 25 years

A nurse is assessing a client for possible risk factors for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Which of the following would the nurse identify?

Age under 25 years

When assessing a woman in her first trimester, which emotional response would the nurse most likely expect to find?

Ambivalence

What are the characteristics of Gestational Hypertension?

Begins after the 20th week of pregnancy Elevated blood pressure =/>140/90 mm Hg-Recorded at least twice, 4 to 6 hr apart, within a 1-week period. No proteinuria. BP returns to baseline by 6 wks postpartum. Presence of edema is no longer considered in the definition of hypertensive disease of pregnancy.

A group of students are reviewing information about STIs. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which of the following as the most common bacterial STI in the United States?

Chlamydia

Nurses, certified nurse-midwives, and other advanced practice nurses have the knowledge and expertise to assist women in making informed choices regarding contraception. A multidisciplinary approach should ensure that the woman's social, cultural, and interpersonal needs are met. Which action should the nurse take first when meeting with a new client to discuss contraception?

Determine the woman's level of knowledge about contraception and commitment to any particular method.

What event occurs during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

Endometrium thickens

It lies against the testes, is a coiled tube almost 20 ft long that collects sperm from the testes and provides the space and environment for sperm to mature

Epididymis

Sperm maturation and storage in the male reproductive system occur in the:

Epididymis

It inhibits FSH production and stimulates LH production

Estrogen

When teaching a group of postmenopausal women about hot flashes and night sweats, the nurse would address which of the following as the primary cause?

Estrogen deficiency

A nurse is working with a pregnancy woman to schedule follow-up visits for her pregnancy. Which statement by the woman indicates that she understands the scheduling?

From now until I'm 28 weeks, I'll be coming once a month.

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about vaccines used to prevent STIs. The students would expect to find information about which of the following?

HPV HAV HBV

What are the risk factors for Cervical Insufficiency?

History of cervical trauma (previous lacerations, excessive dilations, and curettage for biopsy) Short labors Pregnancy loss in early gestation Advanced cervical dilation at earlier weeks of gestation In utero, exposure to diethylstilbestrol (ingested by the client's mother during pregnancy) Congenital structural defects of the uterus or cervix

While assessing a pregnant woman, the nurse suspects that the client may be at risk for hydramnios based on which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

History of diabetes Complaints of shortness of breath Difficulty obtaining fetal heart rate

When assessing a pregnant woman in her last trimester, which question would be most appropriate to use to gather information about weight gain and fluid retention?

How swollen do your ankles appear before you go to bed?

During a routine prenatal visit, a client, 36 weeks pregnant, states she has difficulty breathing and feels like her pulse rate is really fast. The nurse finds her pulse to be 100 beats per minute (increased from baseline readings of 70 to 74 beats per minute. and irregular, with bilateral crackles in the lower lung bases. Which nursing diagnosis would be the priority for this client?

Impaired gas exchange related to pulmonary congestion

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who is receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment of HIV. The goal of this therapy is to:

Improve survival rates

When describing sexually transmitted infections and testing, the nurse explains that a client is typically tested for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis at the same time for which reason?

It is not unusual for clients to have concurrent infections with more than one sexually transmitted infection (STI).

Which statement is true about the term contraceptive failure rate?

It varies from couple to couple, depending on the method and the users.

A woman with gestational hypertension experiences a seizure. Which of the following would be the priority?

Oxygenation

A pregnant woman who is Rh negative is to receive RhoGAM prophylactically at 28 weeks' gestation. Before receiving the medication, she asks the nurse how the drug works. Which of the following best describes how RhoGAM acts in the expectant mother's body?

RhoGAM suppresses the production of maternal antibodies.

diastasis recti

Separation of the longitudinal muscles of the abdomen (rectus abdominis) during pregnancy.

Infertility (Primary)

The inability to conceive a child after 1 year of regular sexual intercourse unprotected by contraception

With regard to the assessment of female, male, and couple infertility, nurses should be aware that:

The investigation takes 3 to 4 months and a lot of money.

The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client diagnosed with genital herpes simplex (HSV). Which would the nurse include? Select all that apply.

The management of genital herpes includes antiviral therapy. The need to use good hand washing technique to prevent spread. Educate the client to abstain from sexual activity until HSV lesions resolve. The goal is for recurrences to be less frequent over time.

A woman at 36 weeks gestation complains of leg cramps. The nurse knows that this symptom is most likely due to which of the following?

electrolyte imbalance.

A nurse is teaching a young adult woman about sexually transmitted infections. The nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the woman identifies which infection as being characterized by genital ulcers?

genital herpes simplex

A pregnant woman at 10 weeks of gestation jogs about the effect of exercise on the fetus. The nurse would inform her that:

You may find that you will need to switch to walking during the third trimester."

Which of the following would the nurse include when teaching a pregnant woman about chorionic villus sampling?

You'll have an ultrasound first and then the test.

Which medication is used to suppress viral load of the HSV-2 infection?

acyclovir

Naegele's Rule

add 7 days to LMP, subtract 3 months, add 1 year

A pregnant client is diagnosed with chlamydia and is to receive antimicrobial therapy. Which drug would the nurse least likely expect to be prescribed?

azithromycin

Which medications are appropriate to treat chlamydia trachomatis? Select all that apply.

azithromycin ofloxacin doxycycline

It is a mucosal layer that lines the uterine cavity in nonpregnant women

endometrium

menstrual phase

endometrium is shed

The signs and symptoms of preeclampsia are mainly occurring because substances released by the ischemic placenta cause damage to the _________________ in mom's body, which injures organs.

endothelial cells

The incision made into the perineal tissue to provide more space for the presenting part of the delivering fetus is called an

episiotomy

Trichiomoniasis

is a common vaginal infection characterized by a heavy yellow, green or gray frothy discharge

A young woman presents with vaginal itching and irritation of recent onset. Her labia are swollen, and she has a frothy yellowish discharge with an unpleasant smell and a pH of 6.8. She has been celibate during the last six months and has been taking antibiotics for a throat infection. Which medication is most likely to clear her symptoms?

metronidazole

Which medication is the most effective treatment for trichomoniasis?

metronidazole

A nurse is providing care to a client diagnosed with genital/vulvovaginal candidiasis. As part of the client's plan of care, the nurse would teach the client about which medication?

miconazole

Which medications are appropriate to treat vaginal candidiasis? Select all that apply

miconazole fluconazole

A nurse is reviewing the history of a client diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease. Which factors would the nurse identify as placing the client at increased risk for this condition? Select all that apply.

multiple sex partners intrauterine contraceptive device inserted 3 weeks ago vaginal douching approximately once a week

Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY)

underdeveloped sex organs, breast development, large hands, and long arms and legs

In the male, the _________is the terminal duct of the reproductive and urinary systems, serving as a passageway for semen and urine

urethra

The nurse instructs an expectant couple about the symptoms of pregnancy. The symptoms a woman may experience during the first trimester are which of the following?

urinary frequency morning sickness amenorrhea.

Secondary dysmenorrhea causes

• Endometriosis • Uterine Polyps • Fibroids • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease • Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (IUD)