lifeguard test
whats the ratio from bleach to water?
1 part bleach to 9 parts water
you are called to attend to a coworker who collapsed while lifeguarding on a hot day. he has an altered mental status and his skin is hot and sweaty. EMS has been activated. What should you do?
Aggressively cool his body by pouring water, fanning, and applying ice packs.
how is ACTIVE spinal motion restriction provided?
Manually hold the person's head to limit movement.
you are attending to a person who is unresponsive but is breathing normally after a suspected overdose of pain medication. EMS has been activated. you have placed the person in the recovery position. Why?
To maintain and protect the airway.
what is the e-stop?
a button or switch that shuts down the wave action or water flow
You find one of your coworkers sitting in the break room alone. His skin is pale and sweaty. When you ask if he is okay, he tells you it feels like a heavy weight is on his chest. He also tells you he is having trouble catching his breath. What should you do?
allow him to find a position of comfort and activate EMS
you are providing care to a responsive person who has been injured. Blood is streaming out of a large wound in the leg. what should you do to control the bleeding?
apply direct pressure with an absorbent pad until the bleeding stops.
chest compressions should be administered to adult ,children and ,infants at what rate?
at least 100 but not more than 120 per minute.
if you are caring for an unresponsive drowning person and foam is coming from the person's nose and mouth what should you do?
breathe through the foam
which entry method has the lowest risk of back, leg, or foot injury and is useful in a wide range of water depths and circumstances?
compact jump
what would you do if you were using standard (universal) precautions?
consider and treat all bodily fluids and substances as though they were contaminated.
when are inspections of slides and attractions usually conducted?
daily, before a facility opens.
when you are screening patrons to determine if they should be assigned to swimming or non-swimming areas what should you have them do?
demonstrate swimming ability that is appropriate for the activity
what is an important safe handling practice for an emergency oxygen system?
do not use oil grease or adhesive tape on or near the system
which is a crucially important fact for lifeguards to be aware of at all times?
drowning can happen quickly and silently to anyone at any time.
After early recognition, what is the next critical link in the chain of survival for an unresponsive drowning person?
early rescue breathing
when should you give verbal instructions to guests using a waterslide
every rider, everytime
which type of regulator should be used for an emergency oxygen system to be approved for use in the United States?
fixed flow regulator
what is the purpose of the swim skills testing
identify people who can't keep their heads comfortably above the water
when can one rescuer assist be used for extricating a person at the shoreline?
if the person is responsive and can walk
what is the most common source of water slide injury?
impact with another person, the slide, or the ground
which of the following is needed to connect the tubing attached to a bag mask (BVM) or CPR mask to an emergency oxygen system?
inlet port
when available why is it beneficial to administer emergency oxygen to a person who is unresponsive due to drowning?
it increases the amount of oxygen delivered to the person
what should you do while performing a bottom search wearing goggles or mask a snorkel and fins
keep your hands forward and sweep them to the sides to feel for person.
when feasible, non-swimmers in waterfront settings should be restricted to water that is less than what depth?
waist to chest deep.
what is turbid water?
water that is murky or dark
when two or more rescuers are administering CPR to a child, rescue breaths should be given after how many compressions?
15 compressions
how many initial rescue breaths should be given upon contact with an unresponsive drowning person
5
in the United States what distinguishes a medical oxygen system from emergency oxygen system?
A prescription is required for medical oxygen but not for an emergency oxygen system.
Which term may be used to describe a person who is experiencing any or all of these symptoms: confusion, slowed thinking, loss of balance, impaired vision?
Altered mental status
Why is disease more likely to be transmitted through loose stools (diarrhea) rather than a solid stool?
Diarrhea can contain millions of germs that spread quickly through the water
what is a good strategy when communicating with a person with a disability at your facility?
Don't make assumptions, and talk to the person the way you would want someone to talk to you.
which is the correct description of drowning?
Drowning is a process with three possible outcomes: survival without brain damage, survival with brain damage, or death.
when storing an emergency oxygen system what condition should be avoided ?
Extreme temperatures
An unresponsive drowning person may be found floating near the pool or lying on the bottom. Where else might you find a drowning person?
Floating on the surface or just underneath the surface of the water
what is secondary cardiac arrest?
Heart stoppage resulting from lack of oxygen
what should be done before releasing a person back into the facility?
Instruct the person to watch for excessive cough, difficulty breathing, or any other worrisome symptoms that develop within 8 hours after the incident and to seek medical care immediately if these develop
Why must emergency oxygen be stored away from heat, spark, flame, and explosive environments?
It is a compressed gas that supports combustion when flame or spark are present.
In addition to being specific for each facility and type of emergency, what is another characteristic of a good emergency action plan?
It is practiced using realistic scenarios
If an unresponsive drowning person may look similar to people who are floating or are underwater and are okay, what can you do to tell them apart?
Look to see that the person lifts his or her head to breathe within a few seconds (look for life)
Why might an unresponsive person appear to be moving or appear to move location in the water?
Movement of the water created by others or pool currents may cause an unresponsive person to move
when giving chest compressions what should you be sure to do after each push?
Release the pressure so the chest can completely recoil.
In addition to head, neck, or back pain; intoxication; altered mental status; and numbness or tingling, which additional symptom indicates the potential for spinal injury
Serious trauma anywhere on the body
how is PASSIVE spinal motion restriction provided?
Tell the person not to make any movements that cause pain and guide her to a seated or lying position.
what is zero depth entry at an aquatic facility?
The area that resembles a beach shoreline.
Based on the current evidence, which statement is true if a person's neck or spine has been injured?
The injury occurred at the time of impact and it is unlikely to be made worse through subsequent movement that does not cause pain
how is an appropriate slide dispatch rate determined?
The length of time needed to prevent collision.
which of the following will have the most influence on the impression that the guests have of their experience at a waterpark?
The professional image and example set by the lifeguards
what determines whether water is shallow or not?
a person's height
in addition to limiting upper body contact and keeping the hands free, what is another benefit of a leg-wrap rescue?
a rescuer doesn't have to submerge as deeply as with other methods.
if you are providing constant and dedicated surveillance, how often should you watch your zone?
all of the time, and no other assigned tasks should intrude.
in the event of an unresponsive person in a wave pool why may extrication times be longer than a traditional pool?
larger area, crowded conditions, and possible wave action
what is the most important thing to do when calling 911 or your local emergency number?
listen carefully to the dispatcher.
what does three points of contact refer to?
maintaining contact with two hands and one foot or two feet and one hand when climbing up or down from a lifeguard station
what is sudden cardiac arrest? (SCA)
malfunction of the heart's electrical system
you are attending to a responsive teenager injured after falling off the diving board stairs. he has sharp pain and swelling in the right leg, and the leg looks strangely bent. EMS has been activated. what should you do?
manually stabilize the injured leg.
what would be the correct term to use if a person experienced a drowning incident, but was resuscitated and did not die?
non-fatal drowning.
While an AED is analyzing a victim's heart rhythm, the rescuers should be?
not touching the person (staying clear)
where can passive and active spinal motion restriction be performed?
on land and in the water
what is a good prevention and surveillance strategy for waterfront where docks or floating platforms are present?
prohibit people from swimming under docks or platforms
what should you do to perform high-quality effective chest compressions?
push hard and push fast (100-120 times per minute), but don't lean on the chest between compressions
when attached to an oxygen cylinder what does the regulator control?
rate of oxygen flow
What does RWI stand for?
recreational water illness
While on station lifeguarding, what will occupy the majority of your time?
searching the water
what is scanning?
searching the water in a systematic way
what is the function of the indicator garage on an emergency oxygen system?
shows how much oxygen is in the cylinder
what is an SOP for an attraction at a waterpark?
standard operating procedure
what should you assume about other people's blood and body fluids?
the fluids are potentially infectious
what happens when a drowning person tries to breathe?
the person may swallow large amounts of water
why might it be helpful to a lifeguard to have a mask, fins ,and snorkel gear at waterfronts?
this equipment will help a lifeguard to see better during underwater searches.
why might you need to walk or stand while scanning at a waterpark attraction?
to be able to see around curves, play structures or waterfalls
why should the valve on oxygen system be cracked before attaching the regulator
to expel foreign matter from the outlet port of the valve
why is it important to begin rescue breathing for an unresponsive drowning person as quickly as possible?
to prevent or minimize brain damage.
(true or false) The objective of using a rescue tube during a water rescue is to minimize body to body contact between yourself and a distressed swimmer or drowning victim.
true
A missing person emergency action plan should include a specific signal where responders will be staged and how searchers will be assigned (true or false)
true
Lifeguards are the first link in the drowning chain of survival, and they should be considered part of the prehospital system of care, along with EMS and other responders. (true or false)
true
Swimmers should not be allowed to participate in breath-holding or underwater swimming contests. (true or false)
true
Twirling a whistle takes away from a professional image. (true or false)
true
frequent site inspections at waterfront areas are important because conditions often change over time. (true or false)
true
the length of time a person is submerged is the most important predictor of survival (true or false)
true
