Lifespan Final
You and your mother get into an argument about where your infant should sleep—either in the crib or with you in bed. What should be your argument? Research has proven that infants who sleep with their parents have stronger bonds than infants who sleep alone. There is scientific evidence that infants who sleep in cribs grow up developmentally deprived. There is no medical reason that your infant cannot sleep with you. It is just a cultural opinion. Scientific evidence shows that infants who sleep in cribs grow up to be successful and independent.
There is no medical reason that your infant cannot sleep with you. It is just a cultural opinion.
Infants who have been sleeping through the night start waking up again between the ages of 18 and 24 months old. According to your textbook, which of the following is one explanation for this? They drink too many liquids before bedtime. They watch too much television. They have more nightmares. They become more aware that they are sleeping by themselves.
They become more aware that they are sleeping by themselves.
Why is watching commercials that promote junk food potentially harmful for children? They entice children to eat those foods, thereby raising their risk of becoming obese. Children are not as interested in watching the Veggie Tales show. They make it very difficult for parents to get children to eat their vegetables. Such foods are generally much more expensive than healthy foods.
They entice children to eat those foods, thereby raising their risk of becoming obese.
According to the Dharmashastras, what is the purpose of life during the final stage? To withdraw from the world To embrace the world To prepare for the end of this life To reach the highest level of spirituality
To prepare for the end of this life
What is the sequence of gross motor development during toddlerhood? Toddling, walking without support, standing on one leg, running with stiff legs, kicking a ball Running with stiff legs, standing on one leg, kicking a ball, walking without support, toddling Toddling, kicking a ball, standing on one leg, walking without support, running with stiff legs Standing on one leg, walking without support, kicking a ball, running with stiff legs
Toddling, walking without support, standing on one leg, running with stiff legs, kicking a ball
______ has a higher rate of teenage pregnancy than any other developed country. The United States Canada Japan Sweden
US
Which of the following is safest in terms of rick of miscarriage?
Ultrsound
For most of human history, what was the total population? Approximately 14 million Under 6 million Under 10 million Approximately 2 million
Under 10 million
During what period was the last Ice Age? Cenozoic Upper Paleolithic Neolithic Jurassic
Upper Paleolithic
What brain area located in the left temporal lobe is specialized for language comprehension? Lashley's area Gazzainiga's area Broca's area Wernicke's area
Wernicke's area
Your 10-year-old son is terrible at sports and has no interest in them. How would this athletic inability affect your son's overall self-esteem? While his athletic self-concept might be low, it would have no effect on his overall self-esteem. His self-esteem will probably suffer because it will remind him of all the other things he is also not good at. His overall self-esteem would be negatively affected because boys are supposed to excel at sports. He is probably severely depressed and in need of professional help.
While his athletic self-concept might be low, it would have no effect on his overall self-esteem.
Humans can communicate about what is observable in the present, and about an infinite range of things beyond the present moment. How? With thinking With cognition With gestures With language
With language
All eggs in the mother contain an ______ chromosome
X
Adolescents and many young adults are confined to formal operations and do not possess postformal operational thought because, according to Gisela Labouvie-Vief, they lack ______. the better coordination of sensory input with motor skills the disappearance of egocentric thought and animism a greater use of hypothetical and inductive reasoning for concrete problems a greater recognition and incorporation of practical limitations to logical thinking
a greater recognition and incorporation of practical limitations to logical thinking
The classification of addictive substance use is best described as ______. trying a substance once or perhaps a few times out of curiosity and then not using it again when a substance is used to relieve an unpleasant emotional state such as sadness, anxiety, stress, or loneliness the use of substances during social activities with one or more friends a person who has become dependent on regular use of the substance to feel good physically or psychologically
a person who has become dependent on regular use of the substance to feel good physically or psychologically
Errol's father carries two recessive genes for sickle-cell-anemia, Errol's mother carries two normal dominant genes. therefore, Errol has inherited ________ from his parents
a resistance to malaria
Children from developing countries become valuable as factory workers in middle childhood because of their ______. emotional stability because some adult factory employees are quick-tempered abilities to perform gross motor tasks such threading a needle on a sewing machine cognitive abilities to perform complex conceptual tasks such as designing products abilities to perform intricate fine motor tasks such as weaving rugs
abilities to perform intricate fine motor tasks such as weaving rugs
Grant decides to play a joke on his younger brother Cameron, age 18 months. Grant knows Cameron enjoys oranges and decides to give him a lemon. Unknowingly, Cameron bites into the lemon and is unpleasantly surprised by overwhelming sourness. Cameron has now learned that not all wedge-shaped fruits are oranges. With this lesson, it is clear that Cameron ______ his existing schema of oranges. accommodated assimilated hyperventilated metamorphosized
accommodated
_______ is the most common cause of inability to ovulate
age
Formal operations is fully attained and cognitive maturation is complete by ______. age 12 at the latest age 20 at the latest age 30 at the latest age 40 at the latest
age 20 at the latest
People with Down syndrome___________
age faster than other people
The relatively high rate of religiosity among African American adolescents helps explain why they have such low rates of ______. alcohol and drug use high school graduation pregnancy depression
alcohol and drug use
The ______ provides an environment in which the fetus's temperature is regulated and protects the fetus from friction caused by the mother's movements. umbilical cord germinal structure amnion placenta
amnion
According to the text, symptoms of ______ include fatigue, irritability, and difficulty sustaining attention. osteoporosis anemia lyme disease marasmus
anemia
Ana is playing air guitar and pretending that she is a rock star. She sits all her stuffed animals in front of her as she pretends to play on stage. From Ana's perspective, her dolls are live, adoring fans. If Ana holds the belief that her stuffed animals are alive and have human qualities, this is an example of ______. conservation egocentrism animism accommodation
animism
The dramatic change in the development of the human species that took place during the Upper Paleolithic period was that, for the first time,________
art appeared
Shonda and Trinity have been a couple for eight years, and they are now excited to take the leap into parenthood together. Because they are both women, they have decided to use _________, which would involve injecting a donor's sperm into Shonda's uterus while she is ovulating
artificial insermination
As infants experience growth and development for short-term and long-term memory, one can predict that they will also improve ______. in their degree of egocentrism at the task of object permanence with the creation of personal fables speaking to an imaginary audience
at the task of object permanence
Infant sounds such as "ba-ba-ba" or "do-do-do" are described by developmentalists as repetitive consonant-vowel combinations, also known as ______. telegraphic speech gesturing babbling cooing
babbling
Freud believed that everything important to development occurred ______. during infancy before adulthood X during adolescence during adulthood
before adulthood?
In the United States and Europe, fatal automobile crashes, unintended pregnancies, criminal activity, and physical fights are all outcomes related to ______. unemployment growth hormone in adolescence socioeconomic status binge drinking
binge drinking
By the time children reach toddlerhood, they need less ______ to maintain a constant body temperature. body hair body fat exercise warm clothing
body fat
As trust becomes more important to friendships in middle childhood, ______ becomes the main reason for ending friendships. breach of trust having more than one best friend parental interference gender difference
breach of trust
The pattern of head downward development in infancy is known as the ______ principle. apex-to-base proximodistal top-down cephalocaudal
cephalocaudal
It is not until early ______ that the children first connect musical sounds with specific emotions. teen years toddlerhood infancy childhood
childhood
Piaget referred to children's lack of ability to comprehend that objects can be simultaneously part of more than one group as ______. sorting classification configuring transference
classification
Which of the following best describes the work of Piaget and individuals who followed in his tradition? Psychosocial approach Child-centered approach Information-processing approach Cognitive-developmental approach
cognitive-developmental approach
An infant who cries for more than 3 hours a day, over more than 3 days at a time, and for more than 3 weeks is ______. overly gassy colicky melancholy easy tempered
colicky
A. and W. are brothers and work together. A. owns a cleaning business, and his brother W helps when the jobs are too big for A. to do alone. These brothers most likely live in a ________ culture.
collectivistic
Because ethnic minorities have to confront ethnic identity issues, the identity development of adolescents and emerging adults who are members of ethnic minorities is likely to be more ______. disrupted diffused simplified complex
complex
When children perform Piaget's pendulum task and generate the correct answer but find it difficult to explain why their answer is correct or the reasoning behind their answer, it is clear they are in the cognitive stage of ______. formal operations concrete operations sensorimotor preoperations
concrete operations
When Dr. Mclntyre conducted her research with elementary and middle school students, rather than having a space for a name, students were asked to come up with a password and write it on the top of their questionnaire packet. This was done to ensure___________
confidentiality
A 7-year-old is getting very frustrated with his 4-year-old brother. Even though he is showing his brother the same ball of clay, his brother thinks that when it is a ball there is less of it than when it is rolled out into a longer shape. What Piagetian mental operation is the younger brother not yet able to perform? Conservation Decentering Critical thinking Concept shifting
conservation
Piaget based his sensorimotor theory on his experiences with his own children. Most research on his theory since has been focused on children in Western nations. This has led to the criticism that Piaget's theory is ______. cultural hereditary inaccurate subjective
cultural
the impact of evolution on human development
cultures shape the raw material of biology into widely different paths throughout the life span.
Your sister is 24 years old, lives by herself, and although she has tried very hard to find a job, she is still unemployed. She spends over 15 hours per week on the Internet. According to your text, your sister is at higher risk for ______. antisocial behavior depression boredom anger
depression
The ability to discern the relative distance of objects in the environment is ______. distance vision nearsightedness binocular vision depth perception
depth perception
Juan lives in a country in which most people make less than $2 a day. His parents want him to get an education but have no plans for him to go to college. Juan was most likely born in a ______. individualistic culture developed country collective culture developing country
developing country
Peng and Nisbett (1999) found that Chinese college students were more likely than American college students to prefer ______. pragmatic solutions nonpragmatic solutions dialectical proverbs containing contradictions formal operational thought containing no contradictions
dialectical proverbs containing contradictions
Fraternal twins are also known as ______ twins. identical conjoined dizygotic monozygotic
dizgotic (DZ)
Anna, age 12 months, has a regular sleep-and-eat pattern, is generally in a positive mood, and adapts well to new situations. According to Thomas and Chess, what is her temperament style? Slow to warm up Easy Difficult Undifferentiated
easy
If a researcher wanted to measure the socioeconomic status (SES) of her adult participants, she would need to ask them about ___________
educational level
During the _______ period of prenatal development nearly all the major organs are formed.
embryonic
Marie is a heavy drinker and managed to stop drinking for most of her pregnancy. If she drank alcohol during the ______ period, her baby would be most at risk of structural damage
embryonic
The life stage in which most people have not yet made commitments to the stable roles of love and work that structure adult life for most people is______
emerging adulthood
Girls normally begin menstruating around age 11-16, toward the lower end of this range under healthy conditions and toward the higher end when nutrition is insufficient. This is an example of______
epigenesis
Phoebe is very proud of her ability to speak Japanese, her parents' native language, and she has taught herself a number of traditional Japanese dances and songs. Phoebe is proud of her_________.
ethnicity
The ________ research method allows the researcher to learn how people behave in their daily lives.
ethnographic
According to Freud__________
everything important in development happened before adulthood
DR. Jenks is interested in how mate selection is shaped by our evolutionary history. She most likely considers herself a_________-
evolutionary psychologist
your sister is pregnant. She has always been health-conscious and exercises regularly. She is planning on engaging in aerobic exercise by continuing to go to her exercise classes. According to most physicians, she should ________
exercise regularly as she will stimulate the circulatory system and muscles
Your sister is pregnant. She has always been health-conscious and exercises regularly. She is planning on engaging in aerobic exercise by continuing to go to her exercise classes. Your advice to her is that she should ______. not run too quickly because it could dangerously increase fetal heart rate exercise regularly because it will stop dangerous teratogens from reaching the fetus be very careful because this type of exercise during pregnancy could lower muscle mass exercise regularly because it will increase her ability to process oxygen
exercise regularly because it will increase her ability to process oxygen
The main drawback of the ___________ research method is that the findings may not generalize in real-life situations
experimental
Piaget proposes that cognitive advances at each stage of development are not only reflected in the answers children provide, but also in their ______. creative and moral development social-emotional maturity emotional and social explanation explanations for how they arrived at the solution
explanations for how they arrived at the solution
Your pediatrician would like to get a detailed assessment of brain activity of the lower brain structure and not just the cerebral cortex. What method would be used? EEG CT fMRI ECG
fMRI
Intimacy is defined as the degree to which two people share personal knowledge, thoughts, and ______. feelings love friendship affection
feelings
if the primary problem is that the women cannot ovulate properly, the most common fertility treatment is ___________
fertility drugs
A child using a pencil to draw a picture of his or her family on a sheet of paper is an example of ______ motor skills. superficial gross fine conditioned
fine
By the time a child has reached the end of middle childhood, what abilities are close to adult maturity? Fine motor skills Gross motor skills Vestibular-motor skills Psycho-motor skills
fine motor skills
Adding ______ to grain products has greatly reduced the number of infants born with spina bifida. iodine high fructose corn syrup fluoride folic acid
folic acid
It is January 1989 in Beijing, China and Huang and Jiao have just married. They want to conceive a child as soon as possible, as most newly married Chinese coupled do. Considering it is the middle of winter, and fruits and vegetables are not readily available, what important nutrient in Huang's prenatal diet is likely to be missing, potentially causing her child to be born with spina bifida?
folic acid
In developing nations, the mortality rate for children under age 5 has been greatly reduced due to increased ______. parental income and level of education iron consumption and decreased childhood vaccinations food production and childhood vaccinations parental education and level of income
food production and childhood vaccinations
Hypotheses refer to________
forming a possible answer to a research question
As soon as Spencer started to play patty cake with his classmate Sara, he was teased and ridiculed by the boys in the class. Spencer quickly learned that patty cake is a form of play reserved for girls, not boys. Spencer's process of learning the expectations of males and females is called ______. gender socialization biological construct sexual-social identity sex schemas
gender socialization
Although Shanamae makes a good salary in sales, she is questioning whether her work in the retail industry is making a meaningful contribution to society. She is thinking of going back to school to train to be a nurse, so that she can give back to society by helping others. According to Erikson, she is in the stage of ___________
generativity vs stagnation
According to Erikson, developing individuals in their middle adulthood experience the challenge of generativity vs. stagnation industry vs. inferiority initiative vs. guilt autonomy vs. shame and doubt
generativity vs. stagnation
Enrico's biological parents were both musicians, so he was born with a ________ that included exceptional musical ability, but because he was never exposed to musical instruments or instruction when he was adopted, he never developed his musical ability.
genotype
The blastocyst forms during the________
germinal period
Playing soccer and kicking a ball are examples of ______ motor skills. fine elementary gross ambidextrous
gross
Children 6 to 10 years of age are considered to be overweight if they ______. have 20% or more body fat have a BMI that exceeds 18 fail to exercise for more than 30 minutes per day eat more than 2,000 calories a day
have a BMI that exceeds 18
Researchers DeCasper and Spence asked pregnant mothers to read The Cat in the Hat every day for the last 6 weeks of their pregnancies. After birth, babies showed a preference for ______. seeing their mothers read any book. seeing their mothers read The Cat in the Hat. hearing their mothers read any book. hearing their mothers read The Cat in the Hat.
hearing their mothers read The Cat in the hat
Zachary is an average 5-year-old American child. If he is consistent with the other 40% of American children ages 2-8 mentioned in your text, in which of the following locations is he watching television? The family room His parents' room The kitchen His bedroom
his bedroom
In the "three mountains task," a child who is experiencing egocentrism will describe ______. his or her own perspective his or her mother's perspective the perspective of the researcher the perspective of the doll
his or her own perspective
By age 2, each neuron is connected to ______. about as many as there were at birth billions of other cells hundreds or thousands of other cells millions of other cells
hundreds or thousands of other cells
One of the five developmental features of emerging adult may be referred to as the age of ______. chronic health conditions great wealth identity explorations middle childhood
identity explorations
In developing countries, the most common cause of death in early childhood is ______. motor vehicle accidents accidental burning illness and disease parental abuse
illness and disease
A duckling that bonds to the first moving object it sees is an example of ______. engraining attaching locking imprinting
imprinting
Fertilization can take place only __________
in the first 24 hours after the ovum enters the fallopian tube
The 3 traditional conceptions of life (in the Dharmashastras, the Talmud, and as proposed by Solon) differ___________
in the way that they divide he life span
According to the text, ______ is the most common cause of infertility in women. smoking stress alcohol inability to ovulate
inability to ovulate
Keisha has inherited one recessive gene for the sickle-cell trait along with one normal dominant gene. As a result of this ________, she is resistant to malaria and does not have sickle-cell anemia
incomplete dominacne
Aerobic exercise is important to pregnant women because it helps to ______. increase the woman's ability to process oxygen increase fetal heart rate and blood pressure lower muscle mass and increase fat mass stop dangerous teratogens from reaching the fetus
increase the woman's ability to process oxygen
The heritability of intelligence________ from childhood to adulthood
increases
Critics of Piaget's theory of cognitive development propose there are ______ in formal operations. immeasurable and invalid variables neurological differences and social stratification developmental sequencing and continued neurological migration individual differences and cultural variations
individual differences and cultural variations
In the famous case of Henrietta Lacks, an African American woman's cells were removed from her cervix w/o her knowledge by a surgeon right before her death in 1951. Researchers wanted to study these cells to learn about the genes that cause cancer and those that suppress it. The ethical requirement of__________ would protect against this happening today.
informed consent
Bram does not ever want to get married. The idea of a lifetime commitment makes him anxious and uncomfortable, and any time a girlfriend brings up the subject of marriage, he breaks up with her. According to Erikson, Bram will not successfully resolve the _______ crisis.
intimacy versus isolation
The US________
is one of the few developed countries that will experience an increase in population, due largely to immigration
You are at the airport with your twin babies. Your son is dressed in blue and your daughter is dressed in pink. Someone stops you and tells you how beautiful they are and asks if they are "identical twins." You simply tell them no, but what are you thinking in your head? Usually fraternal twins are girls. It is impossible to have identical twins of different sexes. Usually fraternal twins are boys. That is a great question; they could be identical twins.
it is impossible to have identical twins of different sexs
What is a problem with cross sectional research?
it yields a correlation, which may be difficult to interpret.
Which of the following are the most common types of malnutrition for children in developing nations? Lack of potassium and protein Lack of calcium and iron Lack of folic acid and fat Lack of protein and iron
lack of protein and iron
The development of ________ allowed our species to be capable of altering our environment.
larger brains
From cross-cultural comparisons, as compared to babies in the United States and Canada, Asian babies have been found to ______. act much more passively learn self-regulation earlier and easier fit into a group at a younger age be much more demanding
learn self-regulation earlier and easier
Most people in emerging adulthood move toward making definite, long-term choices for ______. where to attend college starting a family love and work areas in which to live
love and work
Maddox, a baby born 6 weeks prematurely, is more at risk of not surviving than his sister, Shekia, who was born full term. becasue Maddox's ____ is/are still immature
lungs
the most common teratogen worldwide is _______
malnutrition
From a Piagetian perspective, ______ is a driving force behind development from one stage to the next. learning maturation readiness environmental forces
maturation
Belinda's parents are divorced, but they work together to be sure that they have open lines of communication with their daughter's teacher and attend as many school functions as possible. The strong interconnection between Belinda's parents and the various aspects of her school is an example of the________
mesosystem
The discrepancy between an individual's actual self and his ideal self is greatest during the time period of ______. late adolescence early adolescence mid-adolescence middle childhood
mid-adolescence
Throughout history, most births were administered by ______. physicians nurses shaman midwives
midwives
Studies show, in terms of habituation, the shorter the habituation time, the ______. less efficient the infant's information processing abilities likelier it is that the infant will have cognitive function problems during childhood more efficient the infant's information processing abilities likelier it is that the infant will have emotional problems during childhood
more efficient the infant's information processing abilities
A toddler from the Hamer tribe in Ethiopia was adopted by an American couple who described themselves as "non-athletes". This tribe was known for having members who are exceptionally tall. Once she started school, she asked to play in the after-school basketball program, tried out for the team in middle school and high school and eventually went on to earn a scholarship to play in college. This is an example of _________
niche picking
In traditional cultures, who is most likely to guide toilet training for toddlers? Older siblings Grandparents Parents No one
older siblings
The basis of fine motor development is ______. binocular vision neurological longevity fast speeds opposable thumbs
opposable thumbs
According to the text, from the goodness-of-fit model, babies with negative temperamental qualities respond favorably to a ______. parenting style with both high understanding and tolerance parenting style with high demandingness and low tolerance laissez-faire parenting style parenting style with low demandingness and low responsiveness
parenting style with both high understanding and tolerance
The term ______ is defined as the practices that parents exhibit in relation to their children and their beliefs about these practices. Piaget's parenting theory parenting styles parenting learning strategies discipline strategies
parenting styles
According to Piaget, children age 2 to 6 are most notable cognitively for what they cannot do, such as ______. perform mental operations coordinate senses with motor activities use language to assist with thoughts use images to create mental representations
perform mental operations
According to the text, boys are consistently more ______ than girls in earlier childhood and throughout the lifespan. physically aggressive friendly intelligent irritable
physically aggressive
Midwives often perform abdominal massage. The reason they do so is to determine the ______ of the fetus. size length position sex
position
What type of correlation describes the situation in which the more hours spent sitting or in sedentary activity on the job, the higher the person's body mass index (BMI)
positive correlation
Resilience is promoted by ______, which include high intelligence, physical attractiveness, parenting that provides an effective balance of warmth and control, and a caring adult "mentor" outside the family. protective factors adverse circumstances high achievements risk factors
protective factors
Carlos first develops the ability to control his chest, and then his shoulders, arms, hands, and finally, his fingers. This progression of motor development is called the ______ principle. thoracictorso proximodistal phalange-metatarsal cephalocaudal
proximodistal
Which of the following are culturally based markers that signify an individual's departure from childhood and his or her entrance into adolescence? History graded norms Aging confirmations Psycho-cognitive stages Puberty rituals
puberty rituals
Malnutrition is believed to be indirectly responsible for about half of early childhood deaths because it ______. reduces the effectiveness of the immune system increases the likelihood of failure to thrive increases competition for calories and children lose out slows the development of myelination
reduces the effectiveness of the immune system
A little boy and his father were in a terrible automobile accident. The father died, but the boy was rushed to the hospital. Just before surgery, the doctor looked down at him and said, "I cannot operate on this boy. He is my son!" This story represents the concept of gender ______. schemas roles identity consistency
schemas
In developing countries ______ education is often difficult to obtain and relatively few adolescents stay in school until graduation. secondary vocational primary college
secondary
Your roommate's younger brother just broke up with his girlfriend, whom he had been dating for 3 years, and he has been very upset about it. When your roommate went home to visit, she noticed her brother was using illegal drugs. She was surprised, because he never did drugs before. According to the text, he is likely ______. schizophrenic using heroin self-medicating addicted
self-medicating
The capacity for toddlers to think about themselves as they would think about other persons and objects is called ______. self-report self-esteem self-awareness self-reflection
self-reflection
According to Freud, _______ is the driving force behind human development.
sexual desire
In contrast to other countries, studies have shown that Chinese children who possess a higher degree of ______. introverted personalities are more likely to have higher rates of anxiety and lower rates of self-regulation shyness are more likely to have lower academic success and to be socially rejected by their peers introverted personalities are more likely to have higher rates of depression and low social standing shyness are more likely to have higher academic success and to be well-liked by their peers
shyness are more likely to have higher academic success and to be well-liked by their peers
Shaleen is a student in an introductory psychology class and is participating in a study at her university. What will she likely do first?
sign a consent form
The birth process for human beings is more complicated than for other animals because of the ______. fetus's muscle-to-fat ratio mother's expectation of the birthing process size of the fetus's head amount of amniotic fluid expelled during labor
size of the fetus's head
The ________ form from the outer layer of the embryonic disk
skin, hair, nails, sensory organs, and nervous system
Unlike earlier hominids, Homo sapiens had________
smaller teeth and jaws
Which of the following is a maternal behavior that, if committed during pregnancy, can lead to a higher risk of low birth weight and childhood cancer for the unborn child? Megadosing of vitamins Drinking alcohol Smoking cigarettes Using cocaine
smoking cigarettes
Your cousin has a high school diploma and is currently working in a fast-food restaurant. She has hopes of becoming a lawyer, which means college, law school, and later a high-paying job. If she is successful, she will attain a high ______. social status context socioeconomic status debt-income ratio
socioeconomic status
At what age do most women run out of ova?
some time in their 40's
What are the effects of natural selection?
species change little by little with each generation, and over a long period of time they can develop into new species
As described in the text, ______ is a male's first ejaculation. spermarche hot flash menarche wet dream
spermarche
Your sister just gave birth to a new baby who was born with an extremely deformed spinal column, a disorder called ______. spina bifida endometriosis microencephaly cleft palate
spina bifida
A(n) ______ occurs when people believe others possess certain characteristics simply as a result of being a member of a particular group. discrimination negative behavior unconscious association stereotype
stereotype
In collectivistic cultures infertility is often __________
stigmatized
During middle childhood, bodies are ______. much more susceptible to disease and illness much pudgier with a higher body mass index stronger and the immune systems are better developed much weaker and immune systems are stressed and taxed
stronger and the immune systems are better developed
In Asian countries such as Japan and China, it is believed that any child can succeed who tries hard enough. In America, it is believed that ______. the same is true success is based on genetics success is due to socioeconomic status success is due to innate ability
success is due to innate ability
Learning to read requires a person to recognize that letters are ______ and then to match a ______ to each letter or letter combination. endless; perception concrete; symbol preoperational; schema symbols of sounds; speech sound
symbols of sounds; speech sound
Thomas and Chess (1956) proposed the concept of ______ based upon their longitudinal research. physiological set biological personality emotional quotient temperament
temperament
As stated in the text, with respect to pubertal development, the most important androgen is ______ and the most important estrogen is ______. dopamine; serotonin cortisol; relaxin thalamus; hypothalamus testosterone; estradiol
testosterone; estradiol
there are two main types of chromosomal disorders, those that take place on the 21st pair of chromosomes and those__________
that involve sex chromosomes
As a result of the process of crossing over ___________
the genetic material that originated from the mother and father is rearranged
After fertilization, the first 2 weeks of pregnancy is called__________
the germinal period
The higher the concordance rate, ____________
the more similar the two persons are
Dr. Kim decided to conduct interviews with middle school children rather than administering questionnaires because she wanted to hear from them in their own words. Her use of interviews is an example of______
the research method
__________ is formed when the ovum and sperm unite and fertilization takes place
the zygote
In terms of color vision, neonates can detect the differences between red and white, but not between white and other colors, probably because ______. their cones are immature neonates are color blind their retinas are not developed their rod receptors have not yet formed
their cones are immature
Researchers have concluded that by the end of the second trimester, fetuses respond to sounds, including voices and music, and show a preference for the sound of ______ . rock and roll music naturescapes and animals their mother's voice classical music
their mother's voice
In recent decades in Western countries, there has been little change in average height, indicating that the populations of these countries have reached the upper boundary of _______ for height
their reaction range
Follow-up studies of subjects who participated in High Scope Preschool Projects revealed that by age 27, ______, as compared to low-income individuals who did not participate. they were more likely to be married and to own their own homes they were more likely to have been married and divorced at least twice there was no significant difference they were just as likely to have dropped out of high school
they were more likely to be married and to own their own homes
What is one of the reasons for the high rates of cesarean births? To help physicians become wealthy To avoid vaginal deliveries, which are dangerous To avoid a potential disaster during birth To give surgeons practice
to avoid a potential disaster during birth
S. is a country girl who lives in a rural area of a developing country. Her family adheres strongly to the historical traditions of their culture. S lives in a ___________culture
traditional
What garment are children likely to wear at night for a period after learning to be toilet trained? Diapers Plastic underwear Training pants Regular underwear and pajamas
training pants
In the United States, Canada, and Northern European countries, at least _______ of emerging adults cohabit before marriage. two-thirds half three-quarters one-third
two-thirds
Adolescence is often a time of emotional ______, which was the overall conclusion of research that used Experience Sampling Methods to measure the emotional state of adolescents in the United States. stability volatility tranquility calmness
volatility
In regards to a parental approach, responsiveness is known as ______, whereas demandingness is known as ______. warmth; control empathy; limitations limitations; empathy control; warmth
warmth; control
______ is when a mother decides it is time for her child to stop breast-feeding. Latching Colick Weaning Lactating
weaning
The Dharmashastras, the Talmud, and the conception of life proposed by Solon__________
were written by men
Vygotsky claimed that children learn best if the instruction they are provided with is ______. in a group setting developed by an educational specialist concrete in nature within the zone of proximal development
within the zone of proximal development
Tran is age 8. She lives in a Western country in an urban area. If one were to compare the timing of puberty for Tran to the timing of puberty for her ancestral female lineage, one could say that Tran will experience puberty ______ others did in her family's history. older than younger than similar to when later than
younger than
The ______ is formed when the ovum and sperm unite and fertilization takes place. zygote fetus embryo blastocyst
zygote
Scientific hypotheses are generated for research studies. Which of the following is an example of a scientific hypothesis? "Space exploration benefits our world, and the United States needs to increase funding for NASA." "If a tree falls in the forest, and no one is there to hear it, does it make a sound?" "Marital satisfaction tends to improve when the youngest child is grown and leaves the home because parents now have more time and energy for the marital relationship." "HIV causes AIDS, and AIDS is a disease that will never be cured."
"Marital satisfaction tends to improve when the youngest child is grown and leaves the home because parents now have more time and energy for the marital relationship."
How many children do most women today have? 4 6 8 or more 0 to 3
0 to 3
Working more than ______ hours per week may be harmful to an adolescent's development. 20 40 10 5
10
During self-feeding children show a definite handedness preference. At what age does this occur for most children? 6 months 12 months 24 months 18 months
12 months
How many hours does the average toddler sleep a day by his or her second birthday? 14 to 15 16 to 18 12 to 13 8 to 9
12 to 13
According to the Jewish holy book, _________ is the age of moral responsibility.
13
Assume you have very close friends who are trying to get pregnant. To improve their odds you advise them that they should have intercourse when she is closer to ovulation. Tell them that women generally ovulate ______ days into their menstrual cycles. 21 14 3 7
14
The Talmud, the Jewish holy book, describes life span as consisting of how many segments? 18 12 16 14
14
The average neonate sleeps how many hours a day? 20 to 22 11 to 13 8 to 10 16 to 17
16 to 17
In the United States what age group has the highest rates of automobile accidents, injuries, and fatalities of any age group? 16 to 24 years 18 to 28 years 20 to 30 years 22 to 32 years
16 to 24 years
At what age do people in most countries first receive the right to vote? 18 21 15 24
18
By age ______ months, infants' eyesight has improved substantially, and they have begun to be able to discriminate between happy, sad, and angry faces. 2 to 3 4 to 5 6 to 7 8 to 9
2 to 3
How long does the World Health Organization (WHO) recommend that women breast-feed? 3 years 1 year 2 years 6 months
2 years
When sibling conflict was studied (e.g., Kramer et al., 1999), it was found that sibling conflict occurred once every ______ minutes they were together. 10 20 45 60
20
In the United States, what percentage of neonates who weigh less than 3.3 pounds die during their first year? 44% 24% 34% 14%
24%
According to scientific studies, the average female should gain ______ pounds during pregnancy. 25 to 35 40 to 45 15 to 20 35 to 40
25 to 35
College students were surveyed about sleep disturbances. What percentage of students reported frequent and severe sleep disturbances such as insomnia? 50% 75% 100% 25%
25%
By the end of the first year, one can expect an infant to weigh ______ times his or her birth weight. 3 2 5 4
3
A typical child, age 3, weighs ______ pounds. 40 50 30 20
30
The sacred law books of the Hindu religion, the Dharmashastras, divide life span into how many stages? 2 6 4 8
4
By the time most women reach their ______, they will run out of ova. 40s 50s 30s 60s
40s
Samantha, age 12 months, sees a bag of animal crackers in the kitchen where she is sitting. When her actions become intentional and goal directed, and she actively moves, reaches for, and grasps the bag of animal crackers, it is clear that she is in the sensorimotor substage ______. 2: first habits and primary circular reactions 1: simple reflexes 3: secondary circular reactions 4: coordination of secondary schemes
4: coordination of secondary schemes
How many pounds per year does the average child gain during middle childhood? 5 to 7 7 to 9 2 to 4 10 to 12
5 to 7
Most infants get their first tooth at age ______ months. 5 to 9 12 to 16 9 to 12 16 to 22
5 to 9
Japanese students spend ______ less time on their homework during college than they spent on it during high school. 200% 25% 50% 400%
50%
What percentage of infertility problems can be traced back to the male? 30% 40% 50% 20%
50%
If Frank has schizophrenia, how likely is it that his identical twin brother will also have schizophrenia? 75% chance 25% chance 50% chance 100% chance
50% chance
According to Piaget, children at age ______ make an important cognitive advance toward becoming more systematic and logical thinkers. 7 10 9 8
7
What percentage of mothers in the United States and Canada currently breast-feed? 80% 70% 60% 50%
70%
By a girl's middle teenage years, estradiol production is about ______ times greater than it was before puberty. 12 16 20 8
8
At what distance are infants' visual acuities the best? 18 to 24 inches 40 to 48 inches 30 to 36 inches 8 to 14 inches
8 to 14 inches
Of the adults who have autism, ______ live with their parents, siblings, and other relatives. 85% 45% 30% 60%
85%
After a divorce, what percentage of mothers retain custody? 90% 70% 30% 50%
90%
According to the text, current research has demonstrated that most individuals in emerging adulthood and beyond use formal operations ______. rarely fairly consistently inconsistently or not at all consistently
???
Freddy, a teenager, is arguing with his mother about borrowing the car. Out of frustration, Freddy states, "Mom, you don't know what it feels like to be a teenager. You have no clue what I'm going through, and how not having a car on Friday night is going to kill my social life. I swear no one will be drinking at the party. Why don't you believe me?" Which of the following best describes the cognitive limitation Freddy is experiencing? Egocentrism Decentration Imaginary audience The personal fable
???
What document provides information about who is conducting the study, what the purpose of the study is, what participation in the study involves, what risks are involved in participating, and what the person can expect to receive in return for participation? Study proposal Consent form Research participation form XIRB proposal
????
Theories of development include not only a biological component, but also ______. hormonal changes a behavioral component a cultural component X physiological changes
??????
According to the text, if one were to pair a difficult-tempered infant with a parental approach that is high in anger and frustration, we might predict which of the following outcomes? A child who is highly sociable and can self-regulate A child who is outgoing but shy in social situations A child who is high in self-confidence but low in sociability A child who is defiant and disobedient
A child who is defiant and disobedient
Approximately when is the Brazelton NBAS administered? Immediately after birth and then 6 months later A day after birth or any time in the first 2 months A day prior to birth At age 1
A day after birth or any time in the first 2 months
What is a midwife? A trained physician who is skilled at monitoring the prenatal period and delivering babies A female who is trained or has direct experience with the birth process A village elder who is knowledgeable about and connected to the spiritual world A female who serves as a surrogate breast for an infant whose mother is unable to lactate
A female who is trained or has direct experience with the birth process
Who has the greatest risk of developing hemophilia, which is an X-linked recessive disorder?
A male who has one X chromosome that contains the gene for the disorder
_______ generates hypotheses that can be tested in research.
A theory
Individuals of _______ descent are most likely to have sickle-cell anemia.
African
in general, _______ have the highest rates of DZ twins.
African Americans
Which of the following statements about emerging adults and their religious practices is true? African-American emerging adults are more religious than White emerging adults. White emerging adults attend church or synagogue more regularly than Latino emerging adults. White emerging adults are more religious than African-American emerging adults. African American emerging adults are as religious as White emerging adults
African-American emerging adults are more religious than White emerging adults.
When, during the research study, does debriefing occur? During the IRB review When the study is being submitted for publication During data collection After the study has been completed
After the study has been completed
The tendency in most social science research is to ignore culture and explore universal principles of development. As a consequence, the majority of research on human development focuses on ______. South Americans Americans Europeans Africans
Americans
What is underextension? Having a single word represent a variety of objects Using a single word to represent different forms of whole sentences Learning language at a slower-than-normal pace Applying a general word to a specific object
Applying a general word to a specific object
Which of the following cultures values silence, especially in children, and views children who talk frequently as immature and low in intelligence? Asian Eastern European Australian South American
Asian
Which of the following are the two major components to cognition in the information processing approach? Parietal and occipital lobes Visual images and the management of cognitive load Neural growth and synaptic connections Attention and memory
Attention and memory
If at age 3 a toddler develops a sense of self that is distinct from others, what psychosocial stage would Erikson believe that toddler is in? Trust vs. mistrust Industry vs. inferiority Autonomy vs. shame and doubt Initiative vs. guilt
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
You have recently become quite concerned about substance abuse during emerging adulthood. A friend of yours was in a coma for several days after participating in very risky alcohol consumption. You have examined a considerable amount of research and have found that many emerging adults engage in drinking several drinks in a very short period of time. What is this known as? Irresponsible drinking Alcoholism Binge drinking Social drinking
Binge drinking
Why do many traditional cultures have beliefs that suggest the woman giving birth is spiritually unclean? Birth requires spiritual intervention. Birth is often dangerous. The fetus is evil. Pregnant women are possessed.
Birth is often dangerous
Which of the following statements about adolescent use of electronic games is true? Boys use them more than girls. Adolescents do not enjoy playing electronic games. Girls use them more than boys. Boys and girls use them equally.
Boys use them more than girls.
While providing solace to a family who has just been told that their infant sustained brain damage, Dr. Cook tells them that the good news is that the infant is young and his brain is not fully mature. As compared to an adult, the infant's brain has not been shaped or formed but is still highly responsive to the environment. Which of the following describes the topic of Dr. Cook's conversation? Metamorphic recovery Brain plasticity Subconscious plasticity Hyperrecovery
Brain plasticity
What is linked to a reduced likelihood of obesity in childhood? Introducing solid foods as early as possible Encouraging the infant to walk as soon as possible Formula feeding for at least a year Breast-feeding for 6 months
Breast-feeding for 6 months
The Dharmashastras are the sacred law books of the __________ religion that describe four stages of a man's life.
Buddhist
In terms of causation, under what circumstances does a correlation indicate causation? If the correlation coefficient is positive By itself, it never indicates causation If the correlation is negative If the correlation coefficient is significant
By itself, it never indicates causation
Which of the following is the term used to describe young children's thinking in which they often focus on one noticeable aspect of a cognitive problem to the exclusion of other important aspects? Centration Assimilation Accommodation Egocentrism
Centration
Your neighbor's daughter had quite a few ear infections during early childhood. What could you tell your neighbor about her daughter, middle childhood, and ear infections? Changes in the ear will help children become better listeners. She will have fewer ear infections, but the earlier infections might have caused permanent hearing loss. Changes in the ear will result in fewer ear infections during middle childhood. She will have more ear infections, but the infections build a stronger immune system.
Changes in the ear will result in fewer ear infections during middle childhood.
Carissa has a family history of Down syndrome and is in her 5th week of pregnancy. She decides that she would like to find out as early as possible whether or not her unborn child has Down syndrome or any genetic abnormality. What test is she likely to get?
Chorionic villus sampling
During meiosis, which of the following best describes a chromosome's failure to divide properly resulting in a person having 45 or 47 chromosomes? Chromosomal disorder Gene displacement Genetic misprinting Mitosis air
Chromosomal disorder
What is characterized by cities, written language, and specialization of work? Civilization Nationality Ethnicity Socialization
Civilization
What type of questionnaire is being used when participants are provided with specific responses to choose from? Open-question format Stream of consciousness format Multiple-choice format Closed-question format
Closed-question format
Zeskind and Lester (2001) found which of the following was a risk factor for parental mistreatment of infants? Infants who were post-mature at birth Low parental intelligence levels Lower income levels Colic
Colic
What is the thick, yellowish milk that is extremely rich in protein and antibodies that the mother produces first? Milk precursor Breast milk Yellow milk Colostrum
Colostrum
Several generations ago people believed that formula was superior to breast milk. Why? The government provided free formula to everyone who wanted it. In the 1930s and 1940s it was much more difficult to breastfeed. Breastfeeding used to be dangerous for infants. Companies that produced formula convinced the public that formula feeding was healthier for infants.
Companies that produced formula convinced the public that formula feeding was healthier for infants.
In Piagetian terms, which of the following is the principle that the amount of a physical substance remains the same even if its physical appearance changes? Egocentrism Reversibility Conservation Animism
Conservation
For the past 200,000 years, Homo sapiens have changed very little biologically. What accounts for the major differences that can be seen in other aspects of human life? Major change in life expectancy Development of different cultures Advancement of the scientific method Development of technology
Development of different cultures
What medical condition tends to occur in middle childhood as a result of obesity? Diabetes Cancer Nephrosis Cardiac arrest
Diabetes
What is the major contributor to the increase of overweight and obese individuals? Chromosomal changes Dietary changes Genetic changes Biological changes
Dietary changes
Bernice is planning to conduct a cross-sectional study for her dissertation. Which of the following is a limitation that she and her advisor discuss before she begins to collect her data?
Differences may be due to cohort differences
Which of the following types of attachment was believed to be due to underlying problems in neurological development, not to the behavior of the primary caregiver? Insecure-resistant attachment Disorganized-disoriented attachment Secure attachment Insecure-avoidant attachment
Disorganized-disoriented attachment
Julie was a 47 year old college professor who was shocked to find out she was pregnant. Although she was elated at the idea of having another child, she was worried about having a child with _________ as the chances increase dramatically after age 45
Down syndrome
When a person's thinking involves understanding that there are two or more legitimate views for each issue and comparing the merits of competing views, he or she is engaging in what type of thinking? Relativism Committed thinking Multiple thinking Dualistic thinking
Dualistic thinking
Which of the following best describes possible routes for HIV/AIDS transmission from a mother to her child? Through casual skin-to-skin contact such as hugs and kisses During prenatal development through blood, during birth, or through breast milk Through HIV bacteria being transmitted via contaminated environmental objects Via bacterial infections during times of illness while pregnant
During prenatal development through blood, during birth, or through breast milk
When does multiple thinking develop into relativism? Early 40s Early 30s Early 20s Early 50s
Early 20s
Melinda is a healthy woman who just found out she was pregnant and went for her first prenatal visit. What advice is she most likely to receive from her physician?
Eat foods with sufficient iodine
Which of the following time periods has the greatest degree of residential change in America? Childhood Middle adulthood Late adulthood Emerging adulthood
Emerging adulthood
What is the most common second language for children around the world? Russian English Chinese Spanish
English
When paired with an individual's genotype, which of the following factors creates an expression of his or her phenotype? DNA Environment Genes Parents
Environment
Since critics have argued that they are unnecessary, these procedures have decreased from 90% in 1970 to 16% in 2010. Episiotomies Vaginalectomies Crowning Amniocenteses
Episiotomies
For his post-doctorate research , Yani plans to study human development among indigenous cultures in the mountains of Peru. He plans to move to Peru to integrate with his study subjects, make social connections with them, and observe their daily life up close. Which type of research method is he using?
Ethnographic research
Scarr and McCartney proposed the theory of genotype → environment effects. Which subtype occurs when a person's inherited characteristics bring about responses from others in their environment? Proactive → environment effects Evocative genotype → environment effects Submissive genotype → environment effects Active genotype → environment effects
Evocative genotype → environment effects
Which of the following do emerging adults most often cite as a marker of adulthood in the United States and Europe? Physical and cognitive maturity Capacity to support one's parents financially Emotional and cognitive maturity Financial independence
Financial independence
One critique of Freud's theory is that ________
Freud never studied children
Research has demonstrated that the timing of the onset of puberty may have psychosocial ramifications for some adolescents. In regards to the onset/timing of puberty, which of the following is more at risk for a depressed mood, negative body image, eating disorders, substance use, delinquency, aggressive behavior, and school problems? Boy who experiences early-onset puberty Girl who experiences late-onset puberty Girl who experiences early-onset puberty Boy who experiences late-onset puberty
Girl who experiences early-onset puberty
______ is the proposal that children develop best if there is a good fit between the temperament of the child and environmental demands. Temperament Attachment Personality quotient Goodness-of-fit
Goodness-of-fit
What is related to whether or not a person can be classified as high in morningness (going to bed early and waking up early) or high in eveningness (going to bed late and waking up late)? Melatonin Growth hormone Acetylcholine Caffeine
Growth hormone
At age 16 your son is small and looks young for his age. He is often mistaken for a 12-year-old. As a parent of a late maturing male, what challenges might you expect? He is likely to engage in early sexual behavior. He is likely to spend too much time studying. He is more likely to have difficulties with alcohol use and delinquency. He is likely to be "antisocial" and prefer to stay at home rather than go out with friends on the weekends.
He is more likely to have difficulties with alcohol use and delinquency.
How well did Piaget understand children's early abilities? He underestimated their abilities. He was completely wrong about their abilities. He overestimated their abilities. He was exactly accurate about their abilities.
He underestimated their abilities.
What are single words a toddler uses to express an entire sentence? Overextensions Underextensions Fast mapping Holophrases
Holophrases
You are watching your nephew, age 13, try to figure out why his bike's gears do not work. You are fascinated by the systematic problem-solving strategies he is using. You remember just a few months ago he would not have been able to perform at this level of hypothesis testing, but would have most likely tried random solutions haphazardly. According to Piaget, what type of reasoning is he using now? Working in subgoals Working backwards Hypothetical-deductive reasoning Random operations
Hypothetical-deductive reasoning
Your son is in middle childhood. He describes his positive and less-strong attributes differently than he described them when he was in early childhood. What is a comment that he is likely to make at this time? I like my soccer ball. I wish that I could play soccer all day long. My soccer team is 4 and 1. I really love playing soccer, but I have a little difficulty shooting.
I really love playing soccer, but I have a little difficulty shooting.
According to Freud, what part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate satisfaction? Ego Libido Superego Id
Id
For many emerging adults in Western countries, the question of work and career revolves around what? Finances: "How rich can I get?" Identity: "What do I really want to do?" Religious faith: "Is this what God intends for me?" Altruism: "How can I help others?"
Identity: "What do I really want to do?"
Between now and 2050, the increase in the population of the US will be nearly entirely caused by what?
Immigration
Where does the developmental life stage of emerging adulthood usually appear?
In developed countries
Dr. Wu is conducting research and plans to measure the socioeconomic status (SES) of his participants. HIs measure of SES will most likely include?
Income level, education, and occupational status
Even though Dr. Hernandez is not administering drugs, but merely asking adolescents questions about various drugs, she still needs to submit her proposal to the _______ to prevent potential ethical violations.
Institutional Review Board
When your brother and his wife brought their neonate home from the hospital, she weighed less than she did at birth. Why? The wife probably cannot breast-feed and they should start formula feeding immediately. She must have an eating disorder. It is typical for babies to lose weight right after birth. She will likely regain the weight before a couple of weeks go by. They probably need to try to feed the newborn more frequently.
It is typical for babies to lose weight right after birth. She will likely regain the weight before a couple of weeks go by.
An individual had a stroke and is now unable to use or understand language. Which area of the brain do you suspect has been affected by the stroke? Right hemisphere Top of the brain Bottom of the brain Left hemisphere
Left hemisphere
You are interested in studying the potential changes in intelligence over the lifespan. You have selected 250 people who are currently two years old and you plan to assess them every five years for 40 years. What type of study are you planning on conducting?
Longitudinal
What position makes delivery much more difficult for the woman because it fails to make use of gravity? Kneeling Lying flat on her back Squatting Standing
Lying flat on her back
the US' belief in the value of individual freedom, as demonstrated in its capitalist economic system and its governmental system of representative democracy, reflects which system of Bronfenbrenner's theory?
Macrosystem
______ culture is the name for the cultural group that sets most norms and standards in a country. Majority Minority Collectivist Individualistic
Majority
______ has been used by many traditional cultures as a method of prenatal care and is now in vogue with many midwives, nurses, and physicians in developed countries. Daily napping Singing Dancing Massage
Massage
______ are primarily responsible for the increase in brain size and brain weight during early childhood. Cerebral spinal fluids Increases in the number of neurons Myelination and an increase in dendritic connections Increases in blood volume
Myelination and an increase in dendritic connections
the domestication of animals developed in the ________ period
Neolithic
______ of high school dropouts ages 18-21 are unemployed (NCES, 2014). Less than 50% 10% 25% Over 50%
Over 50%
What hormone that is released by the mother's pituitary gland is responsible for initiating contractions in the uterus? Androgen Oxytocin Testosterone Estrogen
Oxytocin
Your toddler and his friend are side by side, playing with toy cars. But they are not interacting with each other. What type of play are they engaged in? Simple social play Cooperative pretend play Solitary play Parallel play
Parallel play
Which of the following influences most strongly delivers cultural gender messages to infants? The infant's siblings Preschool teachers The media Parents
Parents
You have been very interested in the dynamic of emerging adults moving back home with their parents. You have found that most emerging adults move back home because of difficulties finding employment in this troublesome economic climate. After examining quite a bit of research on this topic, you find that the transition back home for some emerging adults is managed easily. Why? Emerging adults like being treated like a child again. Parents impose quite a few "rules" that have to be followed. Parents recognize that their emerging adults are adults and treat them as adults. Parents are just pretending; they really resent the return of their children.
Parents recognize that their emerging adults are adults and treat them as adults.
When an editor of a journal sends a manuscript to other researchers to evaluate for potential publication, what process is occurring? Research evaluation Research endeavor Peer review Editor's evaluation
Peer review
What are the categories of social status in middle childhood that researchers have described? Social, accepted, rejected, and unpopular Popular, rejected, neglected, and controversial children Socially isolated, hostile, preppy, and smart children Subaverage, average, above average, and three-deviations-from-the-mean children
Popular, rejected, neglected, and controversial children
What type of correlation describes the situation in which the more training a person engages in, the faster his or her race times become? Curved correlation Negative correlation Positive correlation Absence of a correlation
Positive correlation
What type of thinkers do emerging adults tend to be when they realize that the problems of real life often involve a great deal of complexity and ambiguity? Formal Postformal Preformal Prescripted-formal
Postformal
______ is an example of an early intervention program in the United States. Project Head Start First Nation Project School Immunization Project McGill's Intervention for Children
Project Head Start
Mehrak and Emma are seeking fertility treatment and were informed by their physician that Mehrak's sperm count is low and the quality is poor. Which of the following suggestions might help increase his sperm production and quality? Avoid wearing boxer shorts and switch to tighter underwear. Exercise daily, increase nicotine consumption, and reduce stress. Start a vitamin C regimen, consume more folic acid, and take a multivitamin. Quit smoking, decrease alcohol consumption, and do not abuse drugs.
Quit smoking, decrease alcohol consumption, and do not abuse drugs.
Which of the following is the single greatest thing a woman who is pregnant can do to take care of herself and her unborn child? Cut out all caffeine from diet. Receive regular evaluations from a health care professional. Avoid drinking alcohol. Minimize exercise.
Receive regular evaluations from a health care professional.
Researchers have described four categories of social status among peers in middle childhood. Which category of children were the ones who were the most often "disliked" and "rarely liked"? Controversial Rejected Neglected Popular
Rejected
In terms of memory, what is rehearsal? An understanding of how memory works Repeating information over and over A measurement of intelligence Placing things into meaningful categories
Repeating information over and over
What reflex helps the neonate find its mother's breast to feed? Babinski Rooting Sucking Moro
Rooting
What is the third step in the scientific method? Form a hypothesis. Write the results. Collect and analyze data. Select a research method and a design.
Select a research method and a design
Your daughter is on a soccer team that was playing to get into the championship round. Her team lost and they did not make it in. Considering she is in middle childhood, what is her likely reaction? She conceals her true feelings of disappointment because she does not want to upset her teammates. She reacts angrily and has a meltdown during the drive home. She scolds her teammates for not playing better. She cries in disappointment.
She conceals her true feelings of disappointment because she does not want to upset her teammates.
Your sister has a new infant, and she has been having difficulty adapting to motherhood. She feels down and very anxious most of the time, she cannot sleep, and she has no appetite. What might be wrong with your sister? She likely has postpartum depression. She is experiencing a return to ovulation. She likely has postpartum euphoria. She probably has an eating disorder.
She likely has postpartum depression
______ is an example of an incomplete dominant inheritance. Sickle-cell anemia HIV Fragile X Down syndrome
Sickle-cell anemia
Your 8-year-old son is very unhappy at the moment. Considering he is in middle childhood, what is likely causing his unhappiness? Unresolved conflict with a sibling Something concrete and immediate like losing a game Serious difficulties with depression Considerable variability in hormonal stages
Something concrete and immediate like losing a game
What was Piaget's fifth sensorimotor stage? Secondary circular reactions Tertiary circular reactions Mental representations Simple reflexes
Tertiary circular reactions
What procedure did Mary Ainsworth develop to examine children's attachment behaviors? One-Way Mirrors The Attachment Room The Strange Situation Robotic Puppets
The Strange Situation
Sadie carries the recessive gene for hemophilia, a disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. If Sadie had two children, a boy and a girl, and passed the recessive gene for the disorder to both children, which of her children would develop hemophilia if the father does not have hemophilia himself?
The boy
A child in your brother's classroom is extremely aggressive and can be very hostile. There are many potential reasons for this type of behavior, but according to Ainsworth, what could be the difficulty? The child was most likely abused. The mother used meth while she was pregnant. The child had some type of neurological injury in utero. The child had a disorganized-disoriented attachment.
The child had a disorganized-disoriented attachment.
Children from India are often fluent in which of the following languages? Hindi, Pakistani, and French The local language, Hindi, and English The local language, Hindi, and Chinese Pakistani, Portuguese, and Spanish
The local language, Hindi, and English
A neonate is assessed on the Apgar scoring system at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. Why? Physicians can make mistakes. The neonate's condition can change quickly. Neonates cry too much at 1 minute to be assessed. The mother insists on it.
The neonate's condition can change quickly
