Linear Force
active insufficiency
passive insufficient almost always occurs with?
fibers
the humber of _______ determines the force in internal forces
excursion
ability of a muscle to shorten, the more a joint moves, the greater the amount of this is required
passive insufficiency
antagonist muscle insufficiently stretches to allow movement -must stretch muscle
no because nothing is wrong with muscles its just insufficient to drag bone through full ROM
can improving strength help with active insufficiency?
active insufficiency
excursion of the muscle is not great enough to move all the joints (multi-joint muscles) or joint through full ROM
stress
external force causing increased pressure on a tissue
normal forces
external forces that either push or pull joint surfaces together or apart. What force is this?
be greater than opposite force but not too much or it causes tears
for movement in an orthotic, what does the force need to do?
put in orthotic ASAP and wear it all the time to decrease length of resting muscle (muscle is too long)
how do you fix active insufficiency?
lay hand flat on stable
how do you test for dupuytrens contracture?
wall test= have patient face wall and push against wall with flat palm at waist level
how do you test for winging of the scapula?
impact joint
if a muscle passes over a joint then it will?
winging, depressed, elevation of scapula because scapula is smaller mass than everything it is attached too
if a patient loses long thoracic nerve which knocks out serrates anterior or has C5,C6, C7 injury the law of acceleration creates problem. Explain why?
tear or injury
if one force is stronger in one direction too much then what happens?
one will win which causes damage
if the 2 forces are not equal in an orthotic then?
nothing (stability)
if the force is too little or equal with another force then what happens?
stretch or motion
if the forces are just right then you get?
nice good position
if there are 2 equal forces in an orthotic then you get
equalize force of contracture
in a stretch vs position orthotic, a wrist flexion contraction will need a sling that has enough force to ?
tendons
in internal forces, what transmits the force to skeletal segments
brain injury
injury that comes from compressive or tangential force -or combination of both
skin tearing
injury where skin is displaced; shallow wound resulting from dragging patient (friction on parallel surface) -tangential injury
bed sores or pressure sores
injury with skin damage/breakdown - caused by normal compressive force
Law of Inertia
law stating that a body in motion (or at rest) will remain in that state unless acted on by another force?
law of action-reaction
law that states when a force is applied to an object and there is no movement, an equal force must be acting in the opposite direction -all about equilibrium
straight line forces unless redirected by force creating pulley
muscles always produce what type of forces?
tensile forces
normal force that is pulling apart, causing structures to narrow and lengthen
joint tightness
scarring or adhesion that limits movement of joint -osteoarthritis or not using or moving area through FOM
skin tearing, bed sores, brain injury
shear forces or tangential forces result in?
pressure is applied
skin tearing can not become a pressure sore UNLESS ?
elasticity
the ability of a structure to stretch and return to its position of rest without injury
review contraction
type of contraction when they are at "just right length"
shear force or tangential forces
type of external force that operate parallel to the surface
resultant force
type of force where muscles with fibers go in different directions
tensile forces
type of normal force that has elasticity and stress
compressive forces
type of normal force that pushes tissues together causing structures to widen and shorten
heart beat, blood flow, intestinal actions
what are some other internal forces beside muscle contraction which is the primary internal force?
compressive and tensile
what are the 2 types of normal forces?
Inertia, acceleration, action-reaction
what are the 3 laws of motion by Newton?
dupuytens contracture (wraps around flexor tendon; not painful, passive causing active)
what disorder is an example of passive insufficiency?
medial border of scapula will pop out
what happens when a winging of the scapula test is positive?
muscles
what has great elasticity
bone (infants they do)
what has little elasticity
moving forearm to body is easier than doing a push up (brachialis)
what is an example of the law of acceleration?
muscle contraction (bending elbow)
what is an internal force?
in stretch and orthotics fabrication
what is the biggest place we see the law of action-reaction occur?
F=ma
what is the formula for acceleration?
you have to be able to stop walker physically
what is the rule when giving a client a rolling walker?
law of acceleration
what law causes problems when there is a disease or disorder?
joint tightness
what must you rule out before saying its active or passive insufficiency
spinal accessory nerve knocking out trapezium, Rhomboid rupture, dorsal scapular nerve, or C4,5,6 nerve root
what some other issues that occur with law of acceleration the disorders occur?
resultant force (movement in mid range)
when multiple forces are traveling in the same direction then it is called ?
damage occurs
when stress exceeds the elasticity, what happens?
hand and foot
where are the areas that are most common to get active insufficiency?
law of acceleration
Law that states it takes more force to move a bigger object than a smaller object
effects the body from the outside (getting hit with bat)
What is an external force?
joint tightness
What is wrong? -Change in motion of proximal joint will NOT affect ROM; compressed and lost motion of compression it does not matter where proximal joint is, ROM will be unchanged
active or passive insufficiency
What is wrong? -Part of tendon/muscle chain as you move proximal joint structure, ROM will change (increase or decrease of extension of the wrist) - muscle problem