lipds and fat soluble vitamins

are industrialized forms of fat in which hydrogen atoms are added to unsaturated fats.

Trans fats

categories of lipids in the body:

fatty acids of different kinds, cholesterol ( LDL & HDL) different kind of tags, sterols and fat soluble vitamins.

categories of lipids in foods:

fatty acids, TAGS, cholesterol, ADEK

Dietary sources of omega 3:

fatty fish, flac seeds

acetylcholin

first neurotransmitter to be discovered; works at the nerve/muscle interfaces, affects memory, learning, aggression, alertness, BP, heart rate, sexual behavior, and mental acuity EXHIBITORY

units of measure used to determine human requirements

grams

which type of fat, chicken fat, or safflower oil contains the greatest amount of saturated fatty acids and which has the least number of saturated fatty acids?

greates amount=beef tallow least amount= safflower oil

what is the name of the three carbon compound that serves as the backbone for a triglyceride?

gylcerol

raise blood Tags, raise LDL, risk for heart disease.

health implications of saturated:

The length of the triglycerol chain is important because it determines what?

how fats are digested and absorbed in the body

health implications of TAGS

increase risk for heart disease

example of phospholipid?

lecithin

percentage range of your daily calories should come from saturated fat?

less than 10%

ldl recommendation for healthy adults

less than 100

This enzyme breaks down triglycerides in the mouth

lingual lipase

enzymes that digest lipids:

lingual lypase, gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase.

omega 6 fatty acids:

linoleic acid

type of acids you polyunsaturated

linolenic & linoleic acids

omega 3 has which acid?

linolenic acid

dietary sources of TAGS:

liquid oils, nuts + seeds

health implications for monosaturated

lower blood LDL, lower blood tags, good for heart.

polyunsaturated

lower blood LDL, lower blood tags, good for heart.

omega 3

lowers LDL-C, lowers tags, keeps a healthy LDL- C and HDL-C. Stabilize heart rhythm, prevent blood clots.

phosphipid structure

molecule of glycerol, 2 fatty acids and 1 molecule containing phosphorus.

1 double bond

monounsaturated

type of acid you find with saturated

myristic acid

type of acid you find with monunsaturated

oleic acid

what is the maximum number of milligrams of cholesterol that you should consume a day, regardless of # of calories you consume a day?

300

chain length of fatty acids

4-24

how many calories are there in one gram of fat?

9

lecithin-

A phospholipid manufactured by the liver and also found in many foods; a major constituent of cell membranes.

these aid in absorption of some phytochemicals., plant constituents believed to benefit health.

Fatty acids

which type can lower your risk of heart disease?

HDL

percentage range of your daily calories should come from total fat?

20-35%

total cholesterol recommendation for healthy adults:

200 mg

what is attatched to each of three carbons that make up that backbone?

fatty acids

Fat soluble vitamins

A,D,E,K

provides more than twice the energy of carbohydrate.

Fat

which type of lipoprotein can raise your risk of heart disease?

LDL

These serves as energy reserves but also cushion the vital organs, protect the body from temperature extremes, carry the fat-soluble nutrients and phytochemicals, serve as raw materials, and provide the major component of which cell membranes are made.

Lipids

helps lower LDL-C, cause inflammation in lining of blood vessels. Cause blood clots to form

Omega-6

which classes of lipids were identified in the chapter?

Triglycerides phospholipids sterols

exclude hydrogen in its double bond and are often liquid form at room temperature

Unsaturated fats

elaidic acid

a monounsaturated fatty acid that has the same structure as oleic acid except that it is a trans fatty acid

what percentage should come from saturated fat ?

as low as possible

when are fats solid?

at room temperature

detergent role of bile:

breaks fat into even smaller parts

emulsifer role of bile

brings two things together that dont belong together. fat & h20

solubility of phospholipds:

can travel in water & in fat.

dietary sources of monounsaturated:

canola, oil, olive oil

chemical composition of lipids

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen/ all organic

in what two ways can fatty acids differ from one another?

chain length & degree of saturation

These come in different chain sizes, 4-24, and at one end there is an acid group.

chemical composition of fatty acids.

example of sterol?

cholesterol

polyunsaturated

corn oil, soy bean oil

essential fatty acids serve as raw materials from which the body makes substances known as

eicosanoids

these serve as raw materials from which the body makes molecules it requires

essential fatty acids.

essential fatty acids

fats needed by the body that must be consumed in the diet because the human body cannot manufacture them

which two types of cooking oils are healthier options because they are especially rich in monounsaturated fats? these two types can provide protection from which serious medical condition?

olive oil & canola oil. Heart disease.

these acids are supplied abundently in vegetable oils:

omegga 6 fatty acid

occurence of phospholipids in the body?

part of outer cell membrane, CNS

what is an effective strategy for raising HDLs?

physical activity

give us oils, corn oil, nut seed, avacado.

plant foods

2 or more double bonds

polyunsaturated

Dietary sources of omega-6

red meats

these have no double bonds

saturated

come primarily from animals

saturated fats

mediteranian oils

seeds, nuts, olives, and oils.

carbon chain is

short. medium, and long.

occurrence of phospholipids in food?

soy beans & products. Mayo and chocolate

satiety

the state of being satisfactorily full and unable to take on more

the digestive enzyme of triglycerides in the stomach

tributyrase

95% of lipids fall into which catefory

triglyceride

which is the major category of lipid found in your body and in your food?

triglyceride

dietary sources of saturated:

whole milk, fat on visable meat