lit continued

Objectives of Realism

Realism attempts to illustrate life without romantic subjectivity and idealization

Time period/influence of realism

Realist movement began in the mid-19th century as a reaction to Romanticism and History painting

8 to 10 adjectives in the first four paragraphs. What mood and tone do they develop?

Sulky, tenacious, heavy, muck, desolate, ragged,free, wild, dripping, black; this makes a gloomy muggy tone that emphasizes a place that you don;t want to be.

Explain the metaphor from the title in relation to the outcome of the story. How does it express the overall theme of the story?

The theme of "Under the Lion's Paw" by Hamlin Garland is that the oppression of societal standards can be overcome by hard work. It also alludes to capitalism.

What are the various conflicts faced by the Haskins family? In which are they victorious? In which are they not? How do they relate to the type of conflicts normally explored by naturalist writers?

They were driven out of their home because of the grasshoppers, and then while in search for a home they were hungry and abandoned. These two obstacles they overcame with the help of Council. Then they had to work hard to fix the farmland they were going to buy, and they almost lost it because the Butler raised the price, but he threatened him and claimed the land. They relate to conflicts explored by naturalist writers because they were common issues of the time period and setting.

Under what conditions do the plowmen work all day? (UTLP)

They work in very harsh cold, damp conditions in the beginning it was snowing in winter. They stayed in wet clothes all day while continuing to work.

Characteristics of naturalism

Using the environment to show human behavior

FIDDS

figurative language, imagery, diction, details, syntax

Theme

the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic.

local color writing

told a story using the scenery, customs, and dialect of a particular region of the country

situational irony

when outcome does not align with expectation/ what happens is not what is rationally expected

dramatic irony

when the audience or reader knows something, but the character does not

verbal irony

when there is a disconnect between what is said/written and what is meant

Why does Steven Council take Haskins to meet Jim Butler?

He takes him to meet him so Butler can sell Haskins a farm.

What makes Haskins abandon his violent impulses towards Butler at the end of the story? What does he say and do instead?

Haskins abandons his violent impulses towards Butler at the end of the story because he sees his daughter and hears her precious laughter. Instead of kiling him he gives him a warning and specifically says to get off his property or he would be killed.

Who are the main characters in the story?

Haskins: Desperate, moved to kansas looking for land. He symbolizes the family man who provides for his family Council: Generous, open handed, helper He symbolizes the American worker who was there for his neighbors Butler: Selfish, only looking for what benefits him' He symbolizies a greedy buisness man preying on the needy

Characteristics of realism

-Reverse of romanticism -Mirror of life -Showed the truth of middle society classes

How does Council attempt to outsmart Butler?

He pretends that he has an out of state cousin who was thinking about moving into the area but only for a good deal.

Time period/influence of naturalism

As a literary movement was especially popular in America from 1880 - 1920.

Tone

Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character

What are the various motivations for the characters in the story? Discuss Haskins Council and Butler.

Haskins: wanted to make money to provide for his family Council: no motivations, just wanted to be helpful Butler: wanted money

When Butler sees the improvements that the Haskins family has made on the farm, what does he do?

Butler raises the price of the property when he sees the improvements that were made on the farm. So that the Haskins family could not buy the farm.

Who helps Tim Haskins work the farm? In what ways does Steven Council give assistance?

Council, his wife and their oldest children. He'll pay for ploughing, give them supplies and advice on how to keep up with the farm work.

Objectives of regionalism

Dual influence of romanticism and realism, using local color to influence the feel of regionalist writing.

Characteristics of regionalism

Focus on characters, dialect, customs, and other features that make a region exotic. a mix of romanticism and realism. characters within the story are often stereotypical people in the society and have little individual qualities.

Time period/influences of regionalism

Gained popularity in the mid to late 19th century into the early 20th century

What natural disaster drove the Haskins family from Kansas?

Grasshopper invasion drove them away, they ate everything and it was just too much to deal with

Whom does Steven Council encounter as he picks his way home through the mud for dinner?

He encounters a man, his wife and their 8 week old baby. and 2 other kids.

Objectives of naturalism

Naturalism applies scientific principles of objectivity and detachment to the study of human beings so that the characters in the story may seem like the subjects of scientific case studies.

irony

a disconnect between reality and expectation