LRA 214 Final Review

Which type of body habits typically requires that the image receptor be placed crosswise rather than lengthwise for a posteroanterior (PA) chest?

Hypersthenic

What is the primary disadvantage of performing an AP projection of the chest rather than a PA projection?

Increased magnification of the heart

Which position can replace the RAO of the sternum if the patient cannot lie prone?

LPO

A correctly positioned lateral chest radiograph demonstrates some seperation of the posterior ribs due to the divergence of the beam. But a seperation of greater than indicates objectionable rotation from a true lateral.

1 cm

What type of central ray (CR) angle is required for the AP semi-axial projection for the lung apices?

15-20 degrees

At what level should the central ray (CR) be placed for a left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen?

2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest

The central ray (CR) for an anteroposterior (AP) supine, adult chest projection, should be centered:

3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch.

What is the recommended SID for the lateral sternum position?

60-72 inches

Which of the following factors must be applied to minimize distortion of the heart?

72 inch SID

Which radiographic landmark is most reliable to evaluate the posteroanterior (PA) projection of the abdomen for rotation?

Ala of ilium

The technologist must ____________manual exposure factors for the patient with a large ileus.

Decrease

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of an umbilical hernia. Which one of the following abdomen projections would best demonstrate it?

Dorsal decubitus

What type of respiration should be employed during the exposure for the anteroposterior (AP) kidneys, ureter, and bladder (KUB) abdomen projection?

Expiration

A lateral projection of the sternum requires that respiration be suspended on expiration. True/False

False

An RAO of the SC joints projects the left joint closest to the spine. True/False

False

Collimation guidelines indicate the upper border of the collimation field should be about 2 inches (5 cm) above the sternal angle. True/False

False

Top of image receptor placed approximately 3 inches (7.6 cm) above the shoulders is a recommended centering technique for adult chest radiography. True/False

False

Of the following factors, which one is most crucial to demonstrate possible air and fluid levels in the chest?

Patient in erect or decubitus position

The two routine positions used to demonstrate the sternum are:

RAO and lateral

Of the following positioning actions, which one will remove the majority of the scapula from the lung fields?

Roll shoulders forward

A PA chest radiograph reveals that the left sternoclavicular (SC) joint is closer to the spine than the right joint. What specific positioning error has occurred?

Rotation into the left anterior oblique (LAO) position

What is the best method to control voluntary motion during abdominal radiography?

Short exposure time

A PA chest radiograph reveals only seven (7) ribs above the diaphragm on a healthy adult. Which of the following suggestions would improve inspiration?

Take the exposure on a second inspiration

Geriatric patients generally require higher central ray (CR) centering than younger patients. True/False

True

Gonadal shielding can often be used with male patients for the AP supine abdomen projection.

True

Scoliosis and kyphosis may produce asymmetry of the sternoclavicular (SC) joints and rib cage as demonstrated on a PA chest radiograph? True/False

True

Which of the following is a condition in which all or part of a lung is collapsed, requiring an increase in manual exposure factors?

atelectasis

What is the primary advantage of performing a breathing technique for radiography of the sternum?

blurring of the lung markings and ribs

A general rule states that radiographic grids must be used in chest radiography for:

exposure factors using 100 kV or greater.

Which of the following objects does NOT have to be removed or moved before a chest radiography?

glasses

To ensure that the inferior margin of the abdomen is included on a KUB radiograph, the technologist should palpate the:

greater trochanter or symphysis pubis.

The technologist must ____ manual exposure factors for a patient with severe ascites.

increase

The two most common landmarks for chest positioning are the:

jugular notch and vertebra prominens

A patient is in the intensive care unit with multiple injuries. The attending physician is concerned about a pleural effusion in the left lung. The patient had surgery recently and cannot stand. Which position/ projection would be best to rule out the pleural effusion?

left lateral decubitus (LLD)

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) abdomen demonstrates elongation (widening) of the left iliac wing and narrowing of the right iliac wing. Which one of the following positioning errors produced this radiographic outcome?

rotation to the left (left posterior oblique)

Which one of the following clinical indications often requires the inspiration/expiration chest series to be taken?

small pneumothorax

The preferred imaging modality for examining the gallbladder is:

sonography.

Which of the following anatomic structures is examined to determine rotation on a PA chest radiograph?

symmetric appearance of sternoclavicular (SC) joints

A KUB radiograph on a large hypersthenic patient reveals that the entire abdomen is not included on the 14x17 inch IR. What can be done to correct this on the repeat radiograph?

use two 14x17 inch cassettes placed crosswise