LUOA World History II - Module 4: Absolutism, Reason, & Revolution
When was the Enlightenment?
in the 17th and 18th centuries
What does defenestration mean?
to get thrown out of a window
What allowed the Dutch to have autonomy over their own affairs?
trade
What did Cromwell achieve during the Protectorate? [Choose all that apply.]
- writing The Instrument of Government - establishing Puritan morality in law - establishing a legacy of brutality in England
What was the purpose of Versailles? [Choose all that apply.]
-It allowed Louis XIV to show off his power to other nations. - It allowed Louis XIV to distract the nobles with court ritual and splendor.
The Thirty Years' War had two main parts. What were they?
1. local and religious, 2. national and political
When did Elizabeth I die?
1603
When did the Thirty Years' War begin?
1618
When did James I die?
1625
In ______________, Parliament passed the Grand Remonstrance.
1642
When was the Treaty of Westphalia signed?
1648
How long did Louis XIV reign?
72 years
Which is the name for the small governmental territories that formed the Holy Roman Empire?
Diets
Who was the main ruling family of Prussia?
Hohenzollern
In the political fight of the Thirty Years' War, one was either for or against which group?
House of Hapsburg
Who was the biggest competitor to the House of Hapsburg?
House of Valois
In 1-2 sentences, explain what James I argued in his book True Law of Free Monarchies.
In True Law of Free Monarchies, James I argued that all power should be in the hands of an absolute monarch free from Church, Parliament, and law.
What does the Latin phrase cuius regio, eius religio mean?
In whose kingdom, his religion
Who revoked the Edict of Nantes?
Louis XIV
What did the True Law of Free Monarchy argue? [Choose all that apply.]
- that the king should be free of Parliament, Church, and law - that kings should be seen as gods - that power should be consolidated in one monarch
What is another name for the Dutch Republic? [Choose all that apply.]
- the Low Countries - United Provinces
Under William and Mary, what did English citizens receive? [Choose all that apply.]
- the end of absolutism in England - guarantee that only a Protestant could hold the throne - a Bill of Rights
In response to the Petition of Right, what did Charles I do? [Choose all that apply.]
- prevented another Parliament assembly for eleven years - dissolved Parliament
By the 15th century, which city replaced Kiev as the most important city in Russia?
Moscow
Who defeated Charles I?
Oliver Cromwell
Which was the home of Louis XIV?
Palace of Versailles
What happened when Charles I arrested seventy-six landowners for not paying the ship tax?
Parliament forced him to sign the Petition of Right.
In the divine right of kings theory, the king does not answer to __________; the king answers to _______.
Parliament/God
In 1-2 sentences, describe how people in France could acquire a hereditary title and why it was beneficial for them.
People could buy their way into positions on the courts through a hereditary title for 6,000 livres. This allowed a common man to exit the Third Estate and therefore not have to pay taxes.
Which Russian czar traveled to Europe in an effort to find ways to modernize Russia?
Peter the Great
Where were the nobility in Italy?
They were intermarried with wealthy merchants.
The Treaty of Westphalia signaled the end of which war?
Thirty Years' War
What was the treaty that ended the War of Spanish Succession?
Treaty of Utrecht
Which treaty ended the War of Spanish Succession?
Treaty of Utrecht
What treaty ended the Thirty Years' War?
Treaty of Westphalia
Which family was the biggest competitor with the Hapsburg family for power in Europe?
Valois
Laissez-faire means what?
let you do, meaning government is hands-off
Which of the following corresponds to this statement: "Kings are placed in their positions by God to rule"?
divine right of kings theory
Which of the following best describes the Holy Roman Empire?
loose confederation of smaller kingdoms
Which symbol did Louis XIV of France use?
the sun
Which were the leading German states in the decline of the Holy Roman Empire? [Choose all that apply.]
- Austria - Prussia
What was the result of the War of Spanish Succession? [Choose all that apply.]
- Austria emerged as a strong European power. - France was greatly weakened.
Which of the following describes Catherine the Great of Russia? [Choose all that apply.]
- Catherine likely conspired with the Russian nobility to have her husband murdered so that she could become the czarina. - Catherine saw herself as an enlightened ruler who supported education and the arts. - Catherine saw herself as an absolute monarch who wielded complete control over her subjects.
What led to the start of the English Civil War? [Choose all that apply.]
- Charles I arresting members of Parliament - Parliament protesting the reign of Charles I
Why was James II placed on the throne after the death of Charles II? [Choose all that apply.]
- Charles II had no heir. - James II was the Duke of York.
What led to the War of Spanish Succession? [Choose all that apply.]
- Charles II leaving no heirs - Louis XIV convincing Charles II to leave the Spanish Empire to Philip of Anjou
Which led to the War of Spanish Succession? [Choose all that apply.]
- Charles II leaving no heirs - Louis XIV convincing Charles II to leave the Spanish Empire to Philip of Anjou
How did James I treat Parliament? [Choose all that apply.]
- He mounted large debts for lavish courts. - He ignored their advice.
Why was Charles V significant? [Choose all that apply.]
- He ruled the Hapsburg Netherlands. - He wrested control of the Italian states from France. - He asserted dominance in the Holy Roman Empire.
What was James I's relationship with Protestants? [Choose all that apply.]
- He sought relationships with Catholics in Spain. - He had conflicts with Puritans.
Which best describes Henry IV of France? [Choose all that apply.]
- He was assassinated. - He tried to bring prosperity to France. - The Estates-General approved of his actions.
Which of the following describes Henry IV of France? [Choose all that apply.]
- He was assassinated. - He tried to bring prosperity to France. - The Estates-General approved of his actions.
Why did the people hope James II's daughter Mary would be the queen? [Choose all that apply.]
- Her father was a devout Catholic. - She was a Protestant.
What were some differences between the Holy Roman Empire and the Italian city-states? [Choose all that apply.]
- Italy featured more powerful cities. - The Holy Roman Empire was less regionally powerful within its borders.
What was the consequence of the fighting between Italian city-states?
Delayed unification
Which of the following is an example of the cruelty of Ivan the Terrible? [Choose all that apply.]
- Ivan established a police force that tortured and killed those who opposed him. - Ivan killed his own son in a fit of rage. - Ivan supposedly had the eyes of the architects of St. Basil's Cathedral cut out.
What best defines the Age of Absolutism? [Choose all that apply.]
- Kings believed they answered only to God. - Kings believed their rule was not subject to the people. - Kings ruled without a system of checks and balances.
Which of the following was a consequence of the Mongol (Tartar) invasion of Russia? [Choose all that apply.]
- Moscow replaced Kiev as the most important city in Russia. - The close cultural connection between the Byzantines and Russia weakened significantly. - Russia was isolated from the rest of Europe and fell behind.
Why did Charles I resume Parliament? [Choose all that apply.]
- Parliament had the power to raise money to fight wars. - He wanted to fight a war with Scotland.
What problems did the successor of James I face? [Choose all that apply.]
- Puritans - angry Parliament - high taxes
What was the legacy of Louis XV? [Choose all that apply.]
- Revolts of the parlements - Conflict over paying taxes - Racking up large war debt
Which are some of the names of royal families in Europe? [Choose all that apply.]
- Valois - Hapsburg - Bourbon
Which of the following were dominant Italian states or cities? [Choose all that apply.]
- Venice - Florence - Piedmont
Which wars did Louis XV oversee? [Choose all that apply.]
- War of Polish Succession - War of Austrian Succession - Seven Years' War
What were the chief points of contention between powerful Italian cities? [Choose all that apply.]
- fighting over surrounding land - Using allies to supplant rivals
What lesson did the Italian city-states learn that other countries did not learn about managing a kingdom? [Choose all that apply.]
- how to manage lower social orders - how to establish constitutions and charters
Which underpinned the philosophy of Frederick the Great? [Choose all that apply.]
- ideas of kant - the enlightenment
What were Richelieu's objectives as advisor to the king? [Choose all that apply.]
- make France the dominant European power - strengthen the monarchy
Who was the advisor to Louis XIV?
Cardinal Mazarin
Who laid the foundation for absolutism in France?
Cardinal Richelieu
Who was the advisor to Louis XIII?
Cardinal Richelieu
Which Russian ruler was known as an enlightened monarch who promoted the arts and sciences and continued the modernization efforts of Peter the Great?
Catherine the Great
In the Thirty Years' War, the ______ and _______ were pitted against each other.
Catholics & Protestants
The English Civil War pitted [ Select ] against [ Select ]. (Nicknames)
Cavaliers/Roundheads
The English Civil War pitted ______ against ______.
Cavaliers/Roundheads
Who became the ruler after the death of James I?
Charles I
Who was on the throne during the Restoration?
Charles II
Place each of the following in the correct order of estate:
Clergy: First Nobility: Second Shop Owners: Third Peasants: Third Lawyers: Third
What law provided religious toleration to French Huguenots under Henry IV?
Edict of Nantes
Which law provided religious toleration to French Huguenots under Henry IV?
Edict of Nantes
In the Holy Roman Empire, how was the emperor selected?
Electors from each province voted.
Who were the Tudors?
English royal family
Match the group with their estate
First: Clergy Second: Nobility Third: Shop Owners, Peasants, Lawyers
What did the Puritans believe about the Church of England?
It needed to be rid of the Catholic foundations.
Which ruler finally freed Russia from the control of the Mongols (Tartars)?
Ivan the Great
After the death of Elizabeth I, who became ruler of England?
James I
Who united the thrones of England and Scotland?
James I
What did Peter the Great gain from defeating Sweden in the Great Northern War (1700-1721)?
Russia annexed territory that gave Russia a warm-water port.
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of royal authority in the Age of Absolutism?
Service-minded
How did the Hohenzollerns get control of Prussia?
The Holy Roman Emperor gave them the land for helping to defeat the Turks.
What was the nickname of Louis XIV?
The Sun King
The Tudors were __________.
an English royal family
Which is the governing body that presided over smaller districts in France before the French Revolution?
parlement
What were the governing bodies that presided over smaller districts in France before the French Revolution?
parlements
What did the Preferential Treaty stipulate for Spain?
preference of trading with England
How could ordinary people in France get hereditary titles into the nobility?
purchase a title for as much as 60,000 livres
"L'état, c'est moi" means, "I am the ____________________."
state
The Thirty Years' War impacted which group the most?
the Germans
Who paid taxes in France before the French Revolution?
the Third Estate
Which treaty ended the Thirty Years' War?
the Treaty of Westphalia