M1.Histology

18. Which position of the fetus is normal? A) (a) B) (b) C) both (a) and (b) are normal positions D) both (a) and (b) are abnormal positions

B) (b)

19. Which position of the fetus is normal? A) (a) B) (b) C) both (a) and (b) are normal positions D) both (a) and (b) are abnormal positions

B) (b)

6. On this scheme, indicate types of capillaries. 1. 2. 3. A) 1. Sinusoid, 2. Fenestrated, 3. Continuous B) 1. Continuous, 2. Fenestrated, 3. Sinusoid C) 1. Fenestrated, 2. Continuous, 3. Sinusoid D) 1. Continuous, 2. Sinusoid, 3. Fenestrated

B) 1. Continuous, 2. Fenestrated, 3. Sinusoid

3. The respiratory diverticulum (lung bud) appears, when the embryo is approximately: A) 4 days old B) 4 weeks old C) 4 months old

B) 4 weeks old

5. Which structure of spermatids does contain enzymes to assist in penetration of surrounding layers of the egg during fertilization? A) Lysosome B) Acrosome C) Golgi apparatus D) Nucleus

B) Acrosome

8. ______ is cell division without growth of cells. A) Fertilization, B) Cleavage, C) Development, D) Differentiation

B) Cleavage,

13. This duct connects the gall bladder to the small intestine. A) Pancreatic duct B) Cystic duct C) Loop of Henle D) Common bile duct

B) Cystic duct

17. Medical student on a rotation in the pathology laboratory is given an unlabeled microscope slide with tissue provided by a gastroenterologist from a cancer patient she is attending. The mucosa and submucosa are poorly preserved, with only the thick muscularis well-stained, showing striated fibers. The slide most likely shows a biopsy of which region of the GI tract? A) Pyloric sphincter B) Esophagus C) Colon D) Corpus of the stomach E) Ileum

B) Esophagus

2. The sex cells are called __________ and the process whereby they unite is called __________. A) Gametes / gametogenesis, B) Gametes / fertilization, C) Egg and sperm / zygote facilitation, D) Egg and sperm / gametogenesis

B) Gametes / fertilization,

1. For conditioning the air, nasal tissue possesses all of the following features, except: A) Secretions supplied from goblet cells in the epithelium, B) Generation of heat by mitochondria in the basal cells of the respiratory epithelium, C) Secretions from sero-mucous glands in the subepithelial connective tissues, D) A complex vasculature with capillaries in the subepithelial connective tissues

B) Generation of heat by mitochondria in the basal cells of the respiratory epithelium,

6. ______ give(s) rise to segmental muscles of the body and also produce(s) the vertebral bones. A) Notochord, B) Intermediate mesoderm, C) Somites

B) Intermediate mesoderm,

7. How does hydrochloric acid aid in digestion? A) It neutralizes the acid from the stomach. B) It combines with pepsinogen to make pepsin which breaks down proteins in chemical digestion to prepare for absorption. C) It breaks down fats to smaller particles in chemical digestion to prepare for absorption. D) It breaks down carbohydrates into smaller chains in chemical digestion to prepare for absorption.

B) It combines with pepsinogen to make pepsin which breaks down proteins in chemical digestion to prepare for absorption.

3. Crossover is a characteristic of: A) Meiosis I B) Meiosis II C) Mitosis

B) Meiosis II

15. Vagina is lined with: A) Simple squamous epithelium, B) Stratified squamous epithelium, D) Simple cuboidal epithelium

B) Stratified squamous epithelium,

2. As a general rule: A) After telophase II, there are four haploid cells, B) The events of meiosis are not the same for both egg and sperm, C) Meiosis is not necessary to maintain the correct number of chromosomes in each cell, D) All of the above is true, E) None of the above is true

B) The events of meiosis are not the same for both egg and sperm,

17. Which cavities can be seen on this section through the implantation site of a 13-day embryo? A) amnionic cavity and yolk sac B) amnionic cavity, chorionic cavity and yolk sac C) only yolk sac D) only amnion E) amnionic cavity and chorionic cavity

B) amnionic cavity, chorionic cavity and yolk sac

18. Which cavities can be seen on this section through the implantation site of a 13-day embryo? A) amnionic cavity and yolk sac B) amnionic cavity, chorionic cavity and yolk sac C) only yolk sac D) only amnion E) amnionic cavity and chorionic cavity

B) amnionic cavity, chorionic cavity and yolk sac

6. Olfactory neuron is: A) multipolar, B) bipolar, C) unipolar, D) interneuron

B) bipolar,

11. The structure which implants in the endometrium is correctly termed a(n) _____. A) embryo, B) blastocyst, C) morula, D) zygote

B) blastocyst,

7. The anterior end of the neural tube develops into the _________. A) notochord, B) brain, C) spinal cord D) cranial ganglia

B) brain,

9. Paraxial mesoderm forms somites that give rise to the myotome, sclerotome, and dermatome. Which structures will develop from sclerotome? A) muscle tissue B) cartilage and bone C) dermis of the skin

B) cartilage and bone

19. The vessels of the umbilical cord are surrounded by protective Wharton's jelly, which is rich in: A) proteoglycans B) collagen fibers C) smooth muscle D) lymphoid tissue

B) collagen fibers

17. Hypoblast cells are: A) squamous B) cuboidal C) columnar

B) cuboidal

19. Hepatocytes are: A) squamous epithelial cells B) cuboidal epithelial cells C) columnar epithelial cells D) connective tissue cells

B) cuboidal epithelial cells

10. Submucosa of the digestive tract wall mostly is: A) epithelial tissue B) dense connective tissue C) loose connective tissue D) smooth muscle

B) dense connective tissue

13. What is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) all layers of epidermis B) dermis and all layers of epidermis C) layers of dermis D) three layers of epidermis E) none from above

B) dermis and all layers of epidermis

9. A zygote has a(n) __________ number of chromosomes. A) haploid, B) diploid, C) triploid, D) undetermined

B) diploid,

15. Which white blood cell is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) lymphocyte B) eosinophil C) neutrophil D) monocyte E) basophil

B) eosinophil

9. Stereocilia are cellular apical structures found in: A) seminiferous tubules B) epididymis C) efferent ductules D) ejaculatory ducts

B) epididymis

12. The uterine endometrium enters the follicular or proliferative phase under control of: A) gonadotropin-releasing hormone B) estrogen C) progesterone D) luteinizing hormone

B) estrogen

19. The name of cavity inside primitive yolk sac is: A) amniotic cavity B) exocoelomic cavity C) chorionic cavity D) extraembryonic cavity

B) exocoelomic cavity

15. Primitive yolk sac is surrounded by: A) cells of hypoblast B) exocoelomic membrane and cells of hypoblast C) exocoelomic membrane D) chorionic plate

B) exocoelomic membrane and cells of hypoblast

4. Alpha cells of pancreatic islets produce: A) insulin B) glucagon C) somatostatin

B) glucagon

10. Mesodermal hematopoietic stem cells colonize the ___________, which becomes the major hematopoietic organ of the embryo and fetus from the second to seventh months of development. A) spleen B) liver C) bone marrow

B) liver

2. The cartilaginous, muscular, and connective tissue components of the respiratory system arise in the ____________ surrounding the foregut. A) ectoderm B) mesoderm C) endoderm D) neural crest cells population

B) mesoderm

9. The stroma for the glands muscle, connective tissue, and peritoneal components of the wall of the gut are derived from visceral ____________. A) ectoderm B) mesoderm C) endoderm D) neural crest cells population

B) mesoderm

11. Hematopoietic cells, Kupffer cells, and connective tissue cells originate in the: A) epithelium of the duodenum. B) mesoderm of the septum transversum C) lesser omentum

B) mesoderm of the septum transversum

11. The vascular system (i.e., the heart, arteries, veins, lymph vessels, and all blood and lymph cells) is derived from: A) ectodermal germ layer B) mesodermal germ layer C) endodermal germ layer D) neural crest cells

B) mesodermal germ layer

9. In humans, cleavage begins in the _________. A) ovary, B) oviduct, C) uterus, D) vagina, E) early stages of childbirth

B) oviduct,

6. What is this? A) adenohypophysis B) pancreas C) thyroid gland D) pineal gland E) parathyroid gland

B) pancreas

7. What is this? A) adenohypophysis B) pancreas C) thyroid gland D) pineal gland E) parathyroid gland

B) pancreas

14. Which structure is responsible for excretion of waste during fetal life: A) kidneys B) placenta C) vitelline duct

B) placenta

4. Which stage in the maturation of oocyte is shown on this scheme? A) primordial follicle B) primary follicle C) antral follicle D) Graafian follicle

B) primary follicle

1. Gastrulation begins with the appearance of: A) primitive cavity B) primitive streak C) primitive plate D) neural plate

B) primitive streak

17. Ovulation is: A) fusion of sperm with oocyte B) release of the secondary oocyte C) degeneration of corpus luteum

B) release of the secondary oocyte

3. Notochord: A) develops into neural tube B) serves as the basis for the axial skeleton C) All from above

B) serves as the basis for the axial skeleton

4. Notochord: A) develops into neural tube B) serves as the basis for the axial skeleton C) All from above

B) serves as the basis for the axial skeleton

19. Which one of the following correctly describes the structure of the major salivary glands? A) compound tubular gland B) simple tubuloalveolar gland C) compound alveolar gland D) compound tubuloalveolar gland E) simple tubular gland

B) simple tubuloalveolar gland

9. Seminiferous tubules consist of: A) spermatogenic connective tissue, B) spermatogenic epithelium, C) spermatogenic glands, D) smooth muscle

B) spermatogenic epithelium,

11. Rete testis connects: A) seminiferous tubules with epididymis B) straight tubules to efferent ductules C) epididymis to ductus deferens D) efferent ductules to epididymis

B) straight tubules to efferent ductules

15. Keratohyalin is found in the A) hyaline cartilage B) stratum granulosum C) stratum lucidum D) stratum corneum E) stratum reticularis

B) stratum granulosum

20. Presumably, exocoelomic membrane is formed from cells of: A) cytotrophoblast B) syncytiotrophoblast C) epiblast D) hypoblast

B) syncytiotrophoblast

6. Embryonic development includes the first __________ of development in humans. A) week, B) two weeks, C) month, D) two months, E) nine months

B) two weeks,

7. Embryonic development includes the first __________ of development in humans. A) week, B) two weeks, C) month, D) two months, E) nine months

B) two weeks,

16. Portions of the urogenital sinus are: A) urinary bladder, anal canal, urethra B) urinary bladder, pelvic part, phallic part C) urachus, pelvic part, phallic part

B) urinary bladder, pelvic part, phallic part

2. Which of the following is the best definition of an artery? A) vessels that transport oxygenated blood, B) vessels that transport blood away from the heart, C) the place where oxygen is exchanged with carbon dioxide

B) vessels that transport blood away from the heart,

8. The caudal part of the midgut loop forms many intestine structures except: A) distal ileum, B) vitelline duct, C) cecum, D) ascending colon, E) proximal part of transverse colon

B) vitelline duct,

7. The most correct sequence of early development following fertilization is: A) oocyte, zygote, morula, blastocyst, B) zygote, blastomeres, morula, blastocyst, C) zygote, conceptus, blastocyst, D) polar bodies, zygote, conceptus, blastocyst

B) zygote, blastomeres, morula, blastocyst,

8. The most correct sequence of early development following fertilization is: A) oocyte, zygote, morula, blastocyst, B) zygote, blastomeres, morula, blastocyst, C) zygote, conceptus, blastocyst, D) polar bodies, zygote, conceptus, blastocyst

B) zygote, blastomeres, morula, blastocyst,

16. Type of human placenta, based on which maternal tissue is in contact with chorionic epithelium of the fetus. A) Epitheliochorial B) Endotheliochorial C) Hemochorial

C) Hemochorial

15. What is the inner part of the ovary? A) Follicle, B) Germinal epithelium, C) Medulla, D) Tunica albuginea, E) Cortex

C) Medulla,

1. Which gland does secrete melatonin? A) Pancreas, B) Thyroid, C) Pineal gland, D) Adrenal gland (cortex), E) Adrenal gland (medulla

C) Pineal gland,

1. Individuals with Marfan syndrome have mutations in the fibrillin gene and commonly experience aortic aneurisms. What portion of the arterial wall is most likely to be affected by the malformed fibrillin? A) Endothelium B) Tunica intima C) Tunica media D) Tunica adventitia E) Vasa vasorum

C) Tunica media

3. Chromaffin cells are secretory cells of: A) adenohypophisis B) adrenal cortex C) adrenal medulla

C) adrenal medulla

6. Which tunica of large blood vessels does contain connective tissue, small vessels (vasa vasorum), and nerves? A) tunica intima B) tunica media C) adventitia D) serosa

C) adventitia

13. Successful fertilization of the egg normally occurs in the __________. A) ovaries, B) uterus, C) ampulla of the uterine tube

C) ampulla of the uterine tube

16. Which stage of oocyte maturation is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) primordial follicle B) primary follicle C) antral follicle

C) antral follicle

19. Which stage of oocyte maturation is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) primordial follicle B) primary follicle C) antral follicle

C) antral follicle

6. Which structures of nerve cells do send impulses from the cell body? A) dendrites, B) the nodes of Ranvier, C) axons, D) perikaryon

C) axons,

10. This is a micrograph of: A) zygote B) morula C) blastocyst D) fetus

C) blastocyst

12. Secretion of which gland(s) does lubricate the urethra before ejaculation? A) seminal vesicles, B) prostate, C) bulbourethral glands.

C) bulbourethral glands.

7. Which types of respiratory epithelium cells are shown on this scanning electron microscopic picture? A) brush cells and ciliated cells B) brush cells and goblet cells C) ciliated cells and goblet cells D) type I and type II pneumocytes

C) ciliated cells and goblet cells

4. Interalveolar septa is from: A) simple squamous epithelium, B) stratified epithelium, C) connective tissue, D) musosa

C) connective tissue,

5. Which cell is a respiratory macrophage? A) Kupffer cell B) histiocyte C) dust cell D) microglia

C) dust cell

10. Testosterone is produced by: A) Sertoli cells B) Herring bodies C) endocrine interstitial cells D) bulbourethral glands

C) endocrine interstitial cells

11. Gut tube of embryo is formed from: A) ectoderm B) mesoderm C) endoderm

C) endoderm

18. Which layer of uterus is lost during menstruation? A) basal layer B) functional layer C) endometrial layer D) myometrial layer

C) endometrial layer

17. Tubular uterine glands are located in: A) perimetrium B) myometrium C) endometrium D) oviducts

C) endometrium

18. Straight and spiral arteries are vessels of: A) perimetrium B) myometrium C) endometrium

C) endometrium

12. Which cells of blood have no nucleus? A) lymphocytes, B) monocytes, C) erythrocytes, D) eosinophils

C) erythrocytes,

5. Purkinje fibers typically are more pale staining than contractile cardiac muscle fibers, because of: A) lipid droplets B) myelin C) glycogen

C) glycogen

1. The major inorganic component of dentin is A) collagen B) lactate C) hydroxyapatite D) lipid

C) hydroxyapatite

17. Which organ(s) do(es) cause a large swelling (herniation) in the umbilical cord during the sixth week of development? A) stomach B) liver C) intestinal loops D) gonads

C) intestinal loops

8. What is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) terminal bronchiole B) bronchiole C) large bronchus

C) large bronchus

3. Oogenesis is: A) release of oocyte from ovary B) fusion of oocyte with spermatozoon C) maturation from primitive germ cell to mature gamete in females D) maturation from primitive germ cell to mature gamete in males

C) maturation from primitive germ cell to mature gamete in females

1. The third layer to form in gastrulation is the _____________. A) ectoderm, B) endoderm, C) mesoderm

C) mesoderm

15. Under the inductive influence of the collecting tubule, cells of the ________ form renal vesicles, which in turn give rise to small S-shaped tubules. A) pronephric tissue cap B) mesonephric tissue cap C) metanephric tissue cap

C) metanephric tissue cap

10. Which organ does have retroperitoneal position? A) small intestines B) stomach C) pancreas D) liver E) gallbladder

C) pancreas

1. Insulin is produced by: A) Clara cells, B) dust cells, C) pancreatic beta cells, D) fibroblasts

C) pancreatic beta cells,

6. All of the following are characteristics of type II pneumocytes, except: A) contain lamellar bodies B) secrete surfactant C) phagocytes particulates reaching the alveoli D) form tight junctions with type I pneumocytes E) divide to produce both type I and type II pneumocytes

C) phagocytes particulates reaching the alveoli

14. The trophoblast gives rise to the __________. A) amnion, B) extraembryonic mesoderm (chorion), C) placenta, D) allantois

C) placenta,

11. At the time of implantation, the mucosa of the uterus is in the secretory phase which begins in response to ____________ produced by the corpus luteum. A) gonadotropin-releasing hormone B) estrogen C) progesterone D) luteinizing hormone

C) progesterone

10. Ductus (vas) deferens is lined by: A) simple columnar epithelium B) stratified columnar epithelium C) pseudostratified columnar epithelium

C) pseudostratified columnar epithelium

8. Which of the following structures of the testes is/are involved in the production of sperm? A) epididymis, B) rete testis, C) seminiferous tubules

C) seminiferous tubules

15. Parturition (labor and expulsion of the fetus) is considered to have ______ stage(s). A) one, B) two, C) three, D) four, E) five

C) three,

5. Which gland is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) adenohypophysis B) pancreas C) thyroid gland D) pineal gland

C) thyroid gland

6. Which gland is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) adenohypophysis B) pancreas C) thyroid gland D) pineal gland

C) thyroid gland

13. Which type of neurons is shown on the scheme? A) multipolar B) bipolar C) unipolar

C) unipolar

17. Where can hair be found? A) palms of hands B) soles of feet C) urogenital openings D) vermilion zone of lips E) eyelid

C) urogenital openings

18. Buffy coat is: A) volume of erythrocytes B) serum C) volume of leukocytes and platelets

C) volume of leukocytes and platelets

1. Where is endothelium located? A)Epicardium, B)Myocardium, C)Endocardium, D) Pericardium

C)Endocardium,

11. Which of the following leukocytes typically do not contain specific granules? A)basophils, B)neutrophils, C)lymphocytes, D)eosinophils

C)lymphocytes,

17. What is the approximate life span of a circulating erythrocyte? A) 8 days B) 20 days C) 5 weeks D) 4 months E) 1 year

D) 4 months

3. Club (Clara) cells are located in: A) bronchi, B) terminal bronchioles, C) respiratory bronchioles, D) All choices are correct E) Only B and C are correct

D) All choices are correct

1. _________ is the ability of one tissue to influence the development of another. A) Cleavage, B) Neurulation, C) Methylation, D) Induction

D) Induction

16. What cell in circulating blood is the precursor to microglia and most antigen-presenting cells? A) Eosinophil B) Basophil C) Lymphocyte D) Monocyte E) Mast cell

D) Monocyte

16. What is the acidophilic glycoprotein coat which surrounds the oocyte? A) Graafian follicle, B) Theca folliculi, C) Granulosa cells, D) Zona pellucida, E) Antrum

D) Zona pellucida,

14. Amniotic cavity is a cavity within: A) placenta B) trophoblast C) chorion D) epiblast

D) epiblast

7. The following gastrointestinal tract structures undergo developmental rotation except: A) stomach, B) duodenum, C) midgut, D) hindgut,

D) hindgut,

8. Odontoblasts are: A) from ectoderm B) from mesoderm C) from endoderm D) neural crest derivatives

D) neural crest derivatives

17. The reticular layer is part of which layer? A) epidermis B) hypodermis C) both A and B D) none of the above

D) none of the above

20. Under influence of estrogens, the _______________ are stimulated to form the uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, and upper vagina. A) pronephric ducts B) mesonephric ducts C) metanephric ducts D) paramesonephric ducts

D) paramesonephric ducts

3. Oral cavity is lined by _______________. A) stratified cuboid epithelium, B) simple squamous epithelium, C) simple columnar epithelium, D) stratified squamous epithelium

D) stratified squamous epithelium

16. Which layer of the epidermis is present only in thick skin? A) stratum basale B) stratum spinosum C) stratum granulosum D) stratum lucidum E) stratum corneum

D) stratum lucidum

11. In humans, which one of the following is correct? A) the parotid gland is chiefly a mixed gland B) the submandibular gland is chiefly a mucous gland C) the sublingual is chiefly a serous gland D) the parotid is chiefly a mucous gland E) the submandibular gland is chiefly a serous gland

D) the parotid is chiefly a mucous gland

13. Platelet is another name for: A) macrophage, B) goblet cell, C) lymphocyte, D) thrombocyte

D) thrombocyte

14. What is another term for the mature follicle? A) Primordial follicle, B) Primary follicle, C) Secondary follicle, D) Antral follicle, E) Graafian follicle

E) Graafian follicle

11. A cross section through which duct is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) rete testis B) efferent ductules C) epididymis D) seminiferous tubules E) ductus deferens

E) ductus deferens

13. A cross section through which duct is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) rete testis B) efferent ductules C) epididymis D) seminiferous tubules E) ductus deferens

E) ductus deferens

1. The function of club (Clara) cells is: A) Detoxification of inhaled xenobiotic compounds B) Secretion of antimicrobial peptides and cytokines for local immune defense C) In a stem cell subpopulation, injury-induced mitosis for replacement of the other bronchiolar cell types D) All choices are correct

A) Detoxification of inhaled xenobiotic compounds

3. Which type of the simple squamous epithelium does line the blood vessels? A) Endothelium, B) Mesothelium, C) Transitional epithelium, D)Pseudostratified epithelium

A) Endothelium,

15. The skin provides protection against pathogens via the activity of the __________. A) Langerhans cells, B) melanocytes, C) Merkel cells

A) Langerhans cells,

16. Examination of a normal peripheral blood smear reveals a cell more than twice the diameter of an erythrocyte with a kidney-shaped nucleus. There cells are < 10% of the total leukocytes. Which of the following cell types is being described? A) Monocyte B) Basophil C) Eosinophil D) Neutrophil E) Lymphocyte

A) Monocyte

2. Olfactory neuron is the part of: A) Olfactory epithelium, B) Respiratory epithelium, C) Sensory ganglion, D) Olfactory cortex

A) Olfactory epithelium,

14. The pancreas is necessary for digestion because it: A) Produces enzymes, B) Produces bile salts, C) Produces hydrochloric acid, D) Produces mucus

A) Produces enzymes,

6. Which cells does testosterone influence on to promote spermatogenesis? A) Sertoli cells B) Leydig cells C) endocrine interstitial cells

A) Sertoli cells

6. Which organ has a mucosa lined by stratified squamous epithelium? A) Stomach B) Small intestine C) Large intestine D) Rectum E) Anal canal

A) Stomach

19. Marginal bundle of platelets consists of: A) actin filaments and microtubules B) alpha and delta granules C) a system of membrane vesicles

A) actin filaments and microtubules

16. The ____________ is a large sac containing amniotic fluid in which the fetus is suspended by its umbilical cord. A) amnion B) chorion C) placenta D) yolk sac

A) amnion

12. During growth of the central nervous system, the embryonic disc lengthens and forms head and tail regions (folds) that cause the embryo to curve into the fetal position. As a result of folding, the embryo lies within the _____________. A) amniotic cavity B) chorionic cavity C) yolk sac

A) amniotic cavity

5. Surfactant producing, type II alveolar cells, develops: A) at the end of the sixth month of prenatal life B) at the moment of birth C) after birth

A) at the end of the sixth month of prenatal life

18. Fetal portion of the placenta is formed by: A) chorion frondosum B) chorion leave C) decidua basalis D) decidua parietalis

A) chorion frondosum

16. Primary villi of future placenta are produced from: A) cytotrophoblast B) syncytiotrophoblast

A) cytotrophoblast

3. By the beginning of the third week of the embryonic development, the trophoblast is characterized by primary villi that consist of: A) cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells B) cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast and mesodermal cells C) only syncytiotrophoblast cells

A) cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells

12. Before spermatozoa can fertilize the oocyte, they must undergo ___________, sperm conditioning in the female reproductive tract lasting about 7 hours that is required for sperm to be able to fertilize an egg. A) differentiation B) capacitation C) acrosomal reaction D) meiotic division

A) differentiation

12. Which germ layer does nerve system develop from? A) ectoderm B) mesoderm C) endoderm

A) ectoderm

8. Enamel of the teeth is originated from: A) ectoderm B) mesoderm C) endoderm

A) ectoderm

12. What is the embryological origin of neural crest cells? A) ectodermal B) mesodermal C) endodermal

A) ectodermal

15. Cells of the embryoblast differentiate into: A) epiblast and hipoblast layers B) only epiblast layer C) cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast layers

A) epiblast and hipoblast layers

2. Endoderm is derived from: A) epiblast cells B) hypoblast cells C) yolk sac cells

A) epiblast cells

14. Which blood cells are shown on this light microscopic picture? A) erythrocytes B) thrombocytes C) lymphocytes D) monocytes

A) erythrocytes

14. A new miracle skin cream recently hit the beauty counters that is supposed to stimulate collagen production. Which cell is it, supposedly stimulated? A) fibroblast B) keratinocyte C) melanocyte D) Merkel cell E) Langerhans cell

A) fibroblast

1. The respiratory system is an outgrowth of the ventral wall of the ____________. A) foregut B) midgut C) both of above D) none of above

A) foregut

16. Which of the following does detect pain? A) free nerve endings B) Ruffini corpuscles C) Lamellated corpuscles D) Krause bulb E) Meissner corpuscles

A) free nerve endings

12. What is shown on this H&E preparation? A) hair root and sebaceous gland B) hair root and sweat gland C) only sweat gland D) only sebaceous gland E) pacinian corpuscles

A) hair root and sebaceous gland

19. What is shown on this H&E preparation? A) hair root and sebaceous gland B) hair root and sweat gland C) only sweat gland D) only sebaceous gland E) pacinian corpuscles

A) hair root and sebaceous gland

14. Sebaceous gland is a type of: A) holocrine secretion, B) apocrine secretion, C) merocrine secretion

A) holocrine secretion,

9. What is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) large bronchus B) bronchiole C) terminal bronchiole

A) large bronchus

14. Which white blood cell is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) lymphocyte B) monocyte C) neutrophil D) eosinophil E) basophil

A) lymphocyte

19. Under influence of SRY gen factor: A) male development occurs B) female development occurs C) it is not sex-determining factor

A) male development occurs

13. Parietal and visceral layers of the serous membranes are continuous with each other as the ____________ which suspend the gut from the body wall into the peritoneal cavity. A) mesenteries B) septum transversum C) connecting stalk D) vitelline duct

A) mesenteries

2. Pituicytes are cells of: A) neurohypophysis, B) adenohypophysis, C) pineal gland

A) neurohypophysis,

2. Adenohypophysis is derived from: A) oral ectoderm, B) brain, C) mesoderm, D) somites

A) oral ectoderm,

4. Adenohypophysis is derived from: A) oral ectoderm, B) brain, C) mesoderm, D) somites

A) oral ectoderm,

10. The hindgut terminates temporarily at an ectodermal-endodermal membrane. What is the name of this membrane? A) oropharyngeal membrane B) cloacal membrane C) plasma membrane D) mesentery

A) oropharyngeal membrane

4. Initially, the spaces for developing lungs are: A) pericardioperitoneal canals B) pleuroperitoneal canals C) pleuropericardial canals

A) pericardioperitoneal canals

15. Fetal period includes: A) period from the beginning of the ninth week to birth B) the first eight weeks of development C) period from fertilization to birth D) postnatal development

A) period from the beginning of the ninth week to birth

3. Corpora arenacea is extracellular deposit of calcium and magnesium salts found in: A) pineal gland, B) adrenal gland, C) pancreatic islets, D) anterior pituitary

A) pineal gland,

18. A large cavity on this section through the implantation site of a 12-day embryo is: A) primitive yolk sac B) secondary yolk sac C) chorionic cavity

A) primitive yolk sac

19. A large cavity on this section through the implantation site of a 12-day embryo is: A) primitive yolk sac B) secondary yolk sac C) chorionic cavity

A) primitive yolk sac

13. Three urinary systems develop in a cranial-to-caudal sequence during intrauterine life in humans: A) pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros, B) pronephros, metanephros, mesonephros, C) mesonephric duct, metanephros, mesonephros, D) mesonephric duct, paramesonephric duct, metanephros

A) pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros,

17. The glomerulus (network of fine blood vessels) of the mesonephros A) pushes into the coelom near the nephrostome B) pushes into the mesonephric tubules forming Bowman's capsule C) pushes into the proximal convoluted tubules forming Bowman's capsule

A) pushes into the coelom near the nephrostome

13. Merkel cells are: A) receptors, B) exocrine cells, C) connective tissue resident cells, D) stem cells

A) receptors,

5. During spermatogenesis primordial germ cells differentiate into: A) spermatogonia B) primary spermatocytes C) spermatids

A) spermatogonia

7. Dendritic spines are sites for: A) synapses, B) myelinization, C) protein synthesis

A) synapses,

2. The oropharyngeal membrane is: A) the future opening of the oral cavity B) the future anus C) allantois

A) the future opening of the oral cavity

9. The midgut communicates with the yolk sac by way of: A) the vitelline duct B) allantois C) umbilical cord

A) the vitelline duct

12. The lower end of the mesonephric duct branches to form the: A) ureteric bud, B) uterus bud, C) urethral bud, D) gonadal bud, E) none of the above

A) ureteric bud,

9. Lamina propria of the digestive tract wall is: A) epithelial tissue B) loose connective tissue C) dense connective tissue D) smooth muscle

B) loose connective tissue

2. In the respiratory epithelium dominate: A) Simple columnar epithelium, B) Simple squamous epithelium, C) Smooth muscle cells, D) None from above

D) None from above

7. Which of the following is true of pericytes? A) Are associated with the basal lamina of capillary endothelial cells B) Have similar histological features as contractile cells of the myocardium C) Form a layer of cells joined by gap junctions D) Are terminally differentiated E) Capable of forming multinucleated muscle fibers

A) Are associated with the basal lamina of capillary endothelial cells

4. What tissue is directly associated with and extends into the heart valves? A) Cardiac skeleton B) Epicardium C) Atrioventricular bundle of His D) Myocardium E) Pericardium

A) Cardiac skeleton

17. Which white blood cell is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) lymphocyte B) monocyte C) neutrophil D) eosinophil E) basophil

A) lymphocyte

1. Dentin is produced by: A) odontoblasts B) cementocytes C) ameloblasts D) fibroblasts

A) odontoblasts

15. On this scheme, indicate types of capillaries. 1. 2. 3. A) 1. Sinusoid, 2.Fenestrated, 3. Continuous B) 1. Continuous, 2.Fenestrated, 3. Sinusoid C) 1. Fenestrated, 2.Continuous, 3. Sinusoid D) 1. Continuous, 2.Sinusoid, 3. Fenestrated

B) 1. Continuous, 2.Fenestrated, 3. Sinusoid

8. Which biochemical component of the erythrocyte cell surface is primarily responsible for determining blood type (eg, the A-B-O system)? A) Fatty acid B) Carbohydrate C) Nucleic acid D) Protein E) Cholesterol

B) Carbohydrate

14. Which cell is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) pyramidal neuron B) Purkinje neuron C) astrocyte

B) Purkinje neuron

9. Ganglia are: A) clusters of neuronal somas inside CNS, B) clusters of neuronal somas outside CNS, C) bundles of axons inside CNS, D) bundles of axonsoutside CNS

B) clusters of neuronal somas outside CNS,

20. What is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) all layers of epidermis B) dermis and all layers of epidermis C) layers of dermis D) three layers of epidermis E) this is not picture of the skin

B) dermis and all layers of epidermis

7. Lymph is: A) plasma B) excess interstitial fluid C) serum

B) excess interstitial fluid

3. Which lingual papillae have no taste buds on their side? A) foliate, B) filiform, C) vallate, D) fungiform

B) filiform,

16. Centroacinar cells are the initial cells of intercalated ducts of: A) liver B) pancreas C) salivary gland D) gallbladder

B) pancreas

9. Bronchioles differ from bronchi in all of the following, except: A) absence of cartilage B) presence of smooth muscle C) type of epithelium D) presence of club (Clara) cells

B) presence of smooth muscle

18. Cholangiocytes are specialized for: A) water uptake from bile B) production of bile C) neutralization of bile

B) production of bile

15. Which description is true of pancreatic zymogens? A) Are packaged for secretion in the SER B) Are synthesized on free ribosomes C) Are inactive until they reach the duodenal lumen D) Are stored in the basal cytoplasm of acinar cells E) Are produced by cuboidal cells lining the pancreatic duct

C) Are inactive until they reach the duodenal lumen

2. Which description is true of pancreatic zymogens? A) Are packaged for secretion in the SER B) Are synthesized on free ribosomes C) Are inactive until they reach the duodenal lumen D) Are stored in the basal cytoplasm of acinar cells E) Are produced by cuboidal cells lining the pancreatic duct

C) Are inactive until they reach the duodenal lumen

3. Vasa vasorum serve a function analogous to that of which of the following? A) Valves B) Basal lamina C) Coronary arteries D) Endothelial diaphragms E) Arterioles

C) Coronary arteries

4. Vocal cords are located in: A) Nasal cavity, B) Esophagus, C) Larynx

C) Larynx

10. All leukocytes have just one nucleus, but some have several lobes in their nucleus. Which of the following does NOT have a multi‐lobed nucleus? A) basophil, B) eosinophil, C) lymphocyte D) neutrophil

C) lymphocyte

18. Which cell is responsible for skin pigmentation? A) Langerhans cell B) keratinocyte C) melanocyte D) Merkel cell E) fibroblast

C) melanocyte

4. Pulp cavity is filled with: A) smooth muscles, B) parenchymal epithelium, C) mesenchymal connective tissue, D) dense connective tissue

C) mesenchymal connective tissue,

4. The most correct sequence of layers from inside to outside in the wall of digestive tract is: A) submucosa, serosa (adventitia), muscularis externa, mucosa, B) mucosa, serosa (adventitia), muscularis externa, submucosa, C) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa (adventitia), D) serosa (adventitia), muscularis externa, mucosa, submucosa

C) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa (adventitia),

13. Which white blood cell is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) lymphocyte B) monocyte C) neutrophil D) eosinophil E) basophil

C) neutrophil

17. Which organ does secrete bicarbonate ions to neutralize chyme entering the duodenum from the stomach? A) liver B) gallbladder C) pancreas D) salivary gland

C) pancreas

8. Type of the epithelial lining of large intestine is: A) simple squamous epithelium B) simple cuboidal epithelium C) simple columnar epithelium D) stratified epithelium

C) simple columnar epithelium

13. Which cells of the liver do break down old, worn out red blood cells? A) Kupffer cells, B) hepatocytes, C) sinusoid cells

C) sinusoid cells

8. Epithelial lining of which part of the digestive tract is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) esophagus B) stomach C) small intestine D) large intestine

C) small intestine

6. The villi are associated with the __________ and function in ____________. A) pancreas, release of hormones B) gall bladder, production of bile C) small intestine, absorbtion D) large intestine, excretion

C) small intestine, absorbtion

11. Which layer of the epidermis does consist of cells that are undergoing active cell reproduction and eventually migrate to the stratum corneum layer to be sloughed off? A) stratum lucidum, B) stratum granulosum, C) stratum basale

C) stratum basale

19. A report from a hospital pathology laboratory indicates that a microscope slide with a small specimen of neural tissue contains "numerous GFAP-positive" cells. What is the most likely source of this specimen? A) A region of white matter B) A sensory ganglion C) An autonomic ganglion D) A region of gray matter E) Pia mater

D) A region of gray matter

2. Which of the following is incorrect about veins and arteries? A)Veins have valves whereas arteries do not have valves, B)The walls in veins are thinner than the walls in arteries, C)The lumen of a vein is larger than the lumen of an artery, D) All of the above are true

D) All of the above are true

5. Which of the following is characteristic of the chromatophilic material called Nissl substance in neural tissue? A) Found throughout neurons B) Site of mRNA translation for proteins of the neuron C) Most abundant in unipolar neurons D) Becomes more abundant as an individual gets older E) An example of intermediate filament proteins

D) Becomes more abundant as an individual gets older

2. The teniae coli of the large intestine represent an organ-specific specialization of which layer of the intestinal tract wall? A) Epithelium B) Lamina propria C) Muscularis mucosa D) Muscularis externa E) Serosa

D) Muscularis externa

7. What covers the visible portion of a tooth? A) pulp cavity B) dentin C) dental pulp D) enamel E) cementum

D) enamel

12. Which white blood cell is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) lymphocyte B) monocyte C) neutrophil D) eosinophil E) basophil

D) eosinophil

15. Parenchyma of which organ is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) sublingual gland B) pancreas C) parotid gland D) liver E) none from above

D) liver

16. Parenchyma of which organ is shown on this light microscopic picture? A) sublingual gland B) pancreas C) parotid gland D) liver E) none from above

D) liver

4. Endothelium is special type of which tissue? A) connective tissue, B) muscle, C) basement membrane D) none from above

D) none from above

5. Chief cells produce: A) gastrin B) bile C) hydrochloric acid D) none from above

D) none from above

5. What type of epithelium lines the trachea? A) Simple squamous epithelium, B) Simple cuboidal epithelium, C) Simple columnar epithelium, D) Stratified squamous epithelium, E) Pseudostratified epithelium

E) Pseudostratified epithelium

5. Which of the following would most likely result from a reduction in the number of Paneth cells? A) Thinning of the glycocalyx B) Reduced breakdown of fats C) Elevated levels of undigested proteins D) Decreased mucus in the intestine E) Increased number of intestinal bacteria

E) Increased number of intestinal bacteria

10. What provides tensile strength to a neuron? A) Meninges B) Myelinated nerve fibers C) Cell bodies D) Nodes of Ranvier E) Neurofilaments

E) Neurofilaments

8. A node of Ranvier is A) the point of near-contact between the processes of two neurons B) characteristic of unmyelinated fibers C) a constriction of the axon D) a nerve receptor E) a junction between two Schwann cells

E) a junction between two Schwann cells

12. Which of the following is not considered an epidermal appendage? A) sweat gland, B) hair, C) sebaceous glands, D) nails, E) all are epidermal appendages

E) all are epidermal appendages

3. Interalveolar septa A) possess the richest capillary networks in the body, B) possess alveolar pores, C) units neighboring alveoli, D) none from above E) all from above

E) all from above

11. Blood platelets are products of A) osteoclasts B) basophils C) red blood cells D) plasma cells E) megakaryocytes

E) megakaryocytes

10. Normally most of the circulating white blood cells are A) basophilic leukocytes B) monocytes C) lymphocytes D) eosinophilic leukocytes E) neutrophilic leukocytes

E) neutrophilic leukocytes

18. Heparin is produced by A) hepatocytes B) macrophages C) lymphocytes D) plasma cells E) none from above

E) none from above

9. Longitudinal section of esophagus with mucosa consisting of __________________. A) simple squamous epithelium B) simple cuboidal epithelium C) simple columnar epithelium D) stratified squamous, keratinized E) stratified squamous, non-keratinized

E) stratified squamous, non-keratinized

11. Which type of glial cells are on this light microscopic picture of central canal of CNS? A) microglia, B) astrocytes, C) oligodendrocytes D) neurolemmocytes E) satellite cells F) ependymal cells

F) ependymal cells