Male Reproductive System I

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What happens during flagellum formation?

develops from one of the centrioles with mitochondria oriented around the flagellum

Are Leydig cells diploid or haploid?

diploid

Are somatic cells haploid or diploid?

diploid

Is the primary spermatocyte haploid or diploid?

diploid

In the secondary spermatocytes, are the chromosomes single or double stranded?

double stranded

What is gynecomastia?

enlargement of the mammary glands

What is spermatogenesis?

entire process from spermatogonia to spermatozoa (primordial germ cell to spermatogonia)

Sertoli cell tumors can revert to producing...?

estrogen

What are the consequences of a Sertoli cell tumor?

feminization including enlarged mammary glands

What is the appearance of the Leydig cells?

foamy or acidophilic

What is the function of the Sertoli cells?

function as a valve to prevent back-up of sperm

Are germ cells haploid or diploid?

haploid

What is the function of the myoid cells?

help to release sperm into the lumen

Where does ABP primarily remain?

in the convoluted seminiferous tubule epithelium

Where is the spermatozoa made?

in the convoluted seminiferous tubules of the testis

Where are Leydig cells located?

in the interstitium

What is the function of the Mullerian duct?

it gives rise to the female reproductive system

What must happen to the rete testis fluid in the epididymis?

it must be reabsorbed so as to concentrate the spermatozoa

What is the function of inhibin?

it provides negative feedback in the male to decrease FSH

What happens during the chromatin condensation?

large spherical nucleus becomes streamlined because of condensation (never pyknotic)

The tail of the spermatozoan is free in the...?

lumen

The head of the spermatozoan sits in the ____ portion of the epithelium?

luminal

Meiosis II is like...?

mitosis

Does the immune system see primary spermatocytes as self?

no

How do Sertoli cells produce the blood-seminiferous tubular barrier?

occluding junctions between Sertoli cells separates the basal compartment from the adluminal compartment

What is another name for the myoid cells?

peritubular cells

What is ABP produced in response to?

pituitary FSH

Estrogens are produced by _____ Sertoli cells

pre-pubertal

What is located in the adluminal compartment?

primary spermatocyte; secondary spermatocyte; spermatid; spermatozoa

What is the end product of spermatocytogenesis?

primary spermatocytes

What is the exocrine function of the testis?

production and transport of spermatozoa

What is the endocrine function of the testis?

production of testosterone and other hormones

What is the function of the blood-seminiferous tubular barrier?

protects other germ cells that were not present at the time of immune maturation against immune attack

Spermatogonia divide at...?

puberty

What is the uterus masculinis?

remnant of the female reproductive system in the male

The excess cytoplasm is shed as a...?

residual body

LH stimulates _____ cells in the testes

Leydig

What is another name for interstitial endocrine cells?

Leydig cells

What is another name for anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)?

Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS)

What occurs during meiosis?

Primary spermatocytes (2N) undergo diploid DNA multiplication to two secondary spermatocytes (1N)

What happens during acrosome formation?

The RER and golgi complex form a cap of digestive enzymes over the nucleus

What happens with meiosis II?

The two secondary spermatocytes (1N) become four spermatids (1N)

What species have an abundant amount of Leydig cells?

boars and stallions

What is the tunica vasculosa?

branches of the testicular artery and vein that penetrates deep into the testis and may or may not be close to the surface

What is the function of AMH?

causes regression of the Mullerian (paramesonephric) duct in the male embryo

What is the function of ABP?

concentrates testosterone for normal spermatogenesis

What composes the visceral lamina of the tunica vaginalis?

connective tissue and mesothelium

What is the lining of the rete testis?

simple cuboidal cells

What is the lining of the majority of the straight seminiferous tubules?

simple cuboidal epithelium

Are the chromosomes in the spermatids single or double stranded?

single stranded

Spermatogenic epithelium contains _____ and _____ cells

somatic; germ

Androgen binding protein stimulates...?

spermatogenesis

Primary spermatocytes are the largest during...?

spermatogenesis

Primary spermatocytes are the largest....?

spermatogenic epithelial cell

What is located in the basal compartment?

spermatogonia

What are spermatogonia A?

spermatogonia that remain at the basement membrane and continue to divide and are highly resistant to toxins

What are spermatogonia B?

spermatogonia that will become spermatocytes

In what species is the straight seminiferous tubules prominent?

stallions

Leydig cells are classic ____ producing cells so they contain...?

steroid; mitochondria, lipid vacuoles, and SER

Spermatogenic epithelium is what type of epithelium?

stratified epithelium

The Leydig cell releases...?

testosterone

The primary spermatocyte enters....?

the first stage of meiosis

What is the function of the efferent ductules?

the simple columnar epithelial cells push the spermatozoa into the epididymis

The tunica albuginea covers...?

the testis and the epididymis

The visceral lamina of the tunica vaginalis is closely associated with...?

the tunica albuginea

What happens to the secondary spermatocytes?

they divide rapidly and undergo meiosis II

What is the function of the acrosome?

to help the spermatozoa penetrate the corona radiata and zona pellucida

What surrounds the testis?

tunica vaginalis

What separates the visceral and parietal lamina of the tunica vaginalis?

vaginal process

The tunica albuginea contains a tunica...?

vasculosa

What are septula of the testis?

very thin connections of the tunica albuginea with the mediastinum that divides the testis into lobules

What is spermiogenesis?

when the spermatids develop into mature spermatozoa

What is the mediastinum of the testis?

where the rete testis is located

What forms the tunica albuginea?

white, dense irregular collagenous connective tissue

Does the immune system see spermatogonia as self?

yes

Do the tight junctions allow movement between the two compartments?

yes; primary spermatocytes are capable of moving past tight junctions

Inhibin is produced in response to...?

FSH

The anterior pituitary releases _____ and ____ when stimulated by GnRH

FSH and LH

The hypothalamus releases _____ to stimulate the anterior pituitary

GnRH (gonadotropic releasing hormone)

What is the function of the rete testis?

add fluid to the spermatozoa

Inhibin produces negative feedback on...?

anterior pituitary

The secondary spermatocytes are ___N in terms of DNA

2

The spermatids are ____N in terms of DNA

1

What is a spermatozoan composed of?

1) Head 2) Flagellum

Testosterone stimulates...?

1) Sertoli cells 2) accessory reproductive organs 3) secondary sex characteristics

What are the somatic cells in the spermatogenic epithelium?

1) Sertoli cells 2) Spermatogenic cells 3) Myoid cells

What are the three phases of spermatogenesis?

1) Spermatocytogenesis 2) Meiosis 3) Spermiogenesis

The mitosis of spermatogonia creates...?

1) Spermatogonia A 2) Spermatogonia B

What forms the head of the spermatozoan?

1) acrosome 2) nucleus

What are the processes of spermiogenesis?

1) acrosome formation 2) chromatin condensation 3) flagellum formation 4) shedding of excess cytoplasm

What are the accessory genital glands?

1) ampulla of the ductus deferens 2) seminal vesicle (vesicular gland) 3) prostate 4) bulbourethral gland

Sertoli cells release...?

1) androgen binding protein 2) inhibin

What do the Sertoli cells secrete?

1) androgen binding protein (ABP) 2) inhibin 3) estrogens

Testosterone provides negative feedback for...?

1) anterior pituitary 2) hypothalamus

What is the morphology of the Setoli cells?

1) cannot see cytoplasmic boundaries due to obstruction from germ cells 2) oval nuclei oriented perpendicular to seminiferous tubules 3) prominent nucleolus 4) span entire length of seminiferous epithelium

What is the passage of the spermatozoa in the testis?

1) convoluted seminiferous tubules 2) straight seminiferous tubules 3) rete testis 4) efferent ductules

What forms the parenchyma of the testis?

1) convoluted seminiferous tubules 2) straight seminiferous tubules 3) rete testis 4) efferent ductules

What is the histologic appearance of the myoid cells?

1) long elliptical nuclei 2) contractile properties

What composes the external genitalia?

1) penis 2) male urethra 3) scrotum

What are the diploid forms in spermatogenesis?

1) primary spermatocyte 2) spermatogonia

What are the somatic cells of the testes?

1) sertoli cells 2) myoid cells 3) leydig cells

What composes the convoluted seminiferous tubules?

1) spermatogenic epithelium 2) myoid cells

What are the haploid forms in spermatogenesis?

1) spermatozoa 2) secondary spermatocyte

What are the functions of the Sertoli cells?

1) support, protection, and nutritional regulation of developing germ cells 2) phagocytosis of excess cytoplasm spermatids and dead germ cells 3) secretion 4) blood-seminiferous tubular barrier 5) produce anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)

What composes the spermatogenic epithelium?

1) sustentacular cells 2) spermatogenic cells

What composes the male genital organs?

1) testis 2) epididymis 3) ductus deferens

What are the functions of the Leydig cell?

1) testosterone production in response to LH (interstitial cell stimulating hormone) 2) produce estrogen, particularly in mature animals

What composes the stroma of the testis?

1) tunica albuginea 2) septula 3) mediastinum

What composes the tunica vaginalis?

1) visceral lamina 2) parietal lamina

FSH stimulates _____ cells in the testes

Sertoli

The excess cytoplasm is phagocytosed by....?

Sertoli cells

The initial portion of the straight seminiferous tubules are lined by...?

Sertoli cells

What is another name for the sustentacular cells in the spermatogenic epithelium?

Sertoli cells


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