Man ppl & work ch.4-6
Charlie has been working for a manufacturing company for the last ten years as a general maintenance worker. His job often requires heavy-duty work. Charlie recently told his supervisor that he has back problems, and shortly thereafter his supervisor assigned him to a vacant light-duty maintenance job. This is an example of steps taken in support of the
Americans with Disability Act of 1990
_____ are systematic tendencies to use information about others in ways that result in inaccurate perceptions.
Biases
Which of the following statements supports the fact that Candlewick Inc. operates in a task environment with a high barrier to entry?
Candlewick Inc. is able to sell its products easily, even though they are overpriced.
Superior Power is a new company in the electrical industry, and the company has shown success and is building a strong reputation. What impact will this company have on the other companies in the electrical industry?
Competition will increase and prices and profits will decrease
______ are individuals and groups that buy the goods and services an organization produces.
Customers
________ justice is basing employees' promotions on their performance evaluations, independent of ethnicity, age, or gender.
Distributive
In what way does the task environment differ from the general environment?
Forces in the task environment have a more immediate and direct effect on managers than forces in the general environment.
Which of the following is the result of globalization?
Globalization weakens cultural barriers and reduces dissimilarities between nations.
Clara belongs to a society which values assertiveness, performance, competition, and results. Her society also encourages freedom of expression and personal success, but makes few provisions for the welfare of the weak. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, which of the following is true about her society?
Her society has an achievement orientation and is high on individualism.
Max belongs to a society which is rigid and skeptical about people whose behaviors or beliefs differ from the norm. His society also values warm, personal relationships over success and performance. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, which of the following is true about his society?
His society is high on uncertainty avoidance and has a nurturing orientation.
Which of the following is true about the general environment?
It includes the wide-ranging global, technological, sociocultural, and political forces that affect organizations
Which of the following is true about political capital?
It is the flow of power and influence around the world using diplomacy, persuasion, aggression, and force of arms.
what is the salience effect?
It is the tendency to focus attention on individuals who are conspicuously different from us.
What is the similar-to-me effect?
It is the tendency to perceive others who are like ourselves more positively than we perceive people who are different.
_____ are norms that are considered to be of central importance to the functioning of society and to social life, the violation of which brings serious retribution.
Mores
? is the idea that the pursuit of self-interest with no consideration for societal interests leads to disaster.
The "tragedy of the commons"
which of the following is true about perception
The effects of perception lead to different interpretations in the area of diversity.
What benefits does the global environment offer organizations?
The global environment provides organizations with several opportunities to increase efficiency and effectiveness.
Which of the following, according to Hofstede, is characteristic of societies with low power distance?
The government uses taxation and social welfare programs to reduce inequality.
Which of the following statements supports the fact that Toy Track operates in a task environment with a low barrier to entry?
The task environment within which Toy Truck operates is easy to enter.
Which of the following is true about mores?
They are many difference in mores from one society to another
Which of the following is true about folkways?
They concern the routine social conventions of everyday life.
Which of the following is true about regional trade agreements?
They expose companies based in one member country to increased competition from companies in other member countries.
According to Hofstede, which of the following is true about countries with a long-term orientation?
They have a high rate of per capita savings
Which of the following is an advantage of the establishment of free-trade agreements?
They provide manufacturing organizations with opportunities to reduce production costs.
_____ are beliefs about what a society considers to be good, right, desirable, or beautiful.
Values
Which of the following is an example of individualism values?
a high regard for individual entrepreneurs
Two male managers exchange a lewd sexual joke in the presence of a female manager. This is an example of
a hostile work environment
When Michael signs on Stanley for the company basketball team, he assumes that Stanley is a good player because he is African-American. Which of the following is Michael exhibiting in signing Stanley?
a stereotype
Under the practical rule, a manager would not be reluctant to communicate a decision to people outside the company when
a typical person would consider the decision acceptable
In addition to prohibiting discrimination in employment, the Civil Rights Act of 1991
allows for the awarding of punitive and compensatory damages
Nathan just accepted a position as a Regional Director. He is new with the company, and he is just getting to know the sales reps in his region. To increase awareness of diversity among his sales reps, Nathan must
become aware of his own attitudes, biases, and stereotypes and the differing perspectives of the sales reps.
Dolphin's Diner, a famous seafood chain, has opened its newest restaurant in a small town. It soon finds that the only customers it attracts are tourists, because the locals prefer to go to The Clam Café—an older but more expensive restaurant. The Clam Café enjoys significant
brand loyalty
_____ refers to customers' preference for the products of organizations currently in the task environment.
brand loyalty
the ? stakeholder group is considered to be the most critical
customers
A company that expects its managers to behave ethically to the degree that they stay within the law is acting with a(n) ? approach.
defensive
WorldCom gave managers stock options and bonuses even when the company performance was declining, and managers sold their stock in advance of other stockholders. This illustrates the ?approach
defensive
managers who sell their stock in advance of other stockholders because they know that their performance is about to fall demonstrates the ? approach to social responsibility
defensive
Which of the following forces are outcomes of changes in or changing attitudes toward the characteristics of a population?
demographic
What is diversity?
differences among people due to age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, socioeconomic background, and any other characteristic that is used to distinguish between people
ALT Inc. conducts periodic reviews of the distribution of pay and the favorable outcomes granted to employees, such as promotions and increased office space. The managers want to confirm that those employees who received increase in pay or other favorable outcomes have made significant contributions to the organization. This is an example of applying
distributive justice
The marketing manager at RST Consulting allocates annual bonuses to employees based on performance evaluations. What principle is the manager following?
distributive justice
Which principle dictates that managers should receive a raise in pay based upon their contributions to the organization, and not based on their gender?
distributive justice
Amethyst, an Italian house of high fashion, designs and creates luxury items like jewelry and hair accessories. It sells its merchandise only through Fiesta, a multinational retail store. Fiesta acts as Amethyst's
distributor
Leo wants to improve the costs for his business, so he chooses to buy inputs in bulk and manufacture products in larger quantities. This is an example of
economies of scale.
Which act requires that men and women be paid equally if they are performing equal work?
equal pay act
Dianna has witnessed her manager harassing a coworker on multiple occasions. Dianna knows that she should report the incidents to a superior manager, but she is hesitant to report the inappropriate behavior because she thinks she could lose her job. This example illustrates a(n)
ethical dilemma
which of the following statements is true about the role of organizational culture?
ethics ombudspeople can provide guidance when organization members are uncertain about whether an action is ethical
A(n) ? is a manager responsible for communicating and teaching ethical standards to all employees and monitoring their conformity to those standards
ethics ombudsperson
Phil has noticed that his operations manager has been practicing unethical means to reap personal benefits at the expense of the company's customers. He will most likely approach the ? to report the matter without fear of retribution.
ethics ombudsperson
The _____ has organization-wide authority. Hence, organization members in any department can communicate instances of unethical behavior by their managers or coworkers without fear of retribution.
ethics ombudsperson
According to the HSBC survey, the United States ranked 16 out of 39 countries overall because of poor scores on
experience and family
Which of the following stakeholder group's individual ethics are important in shaping the organizational code of ethics?
founders
The term _____ alludes to the invisible barriers that prevent minorities and women from obtaining upper-level positions in the workplace.
glass ceiling
Apple Inc. contracts with companies in Taiwan to make inputs such as the chips, batteries, and LCD displays that power its digital devices at lower costs. This strategy is an example of
global outsourcing
Lobo belongs to a society which values the subordination of the individual to the group and discourages individual expressions of thought. Inequality in the power and well-being of people is believed to be due to differences in their physical and intellectual capabilities, and heritage. According to Hofstede's model of national culture, Lobo's society is
high on power distance and low on individualism
Whenever Lisa goes to the warehouse to pick up time sheets, she is confronted with whistles and lewd comments from male coworkers, both of which make her uncomfortable. What type of environment is this?
hostile work environment
Elijah is thinking about quitting his job. He is finding it difficult to focus on his job because every day he is harassed with insulting remarks, sexually oriented comments, and racial slurs from his coworkers. This is an example of a(n)
hostile work environment sexual harassment
Making sexually oriented remarks about one's physical appearance is an example of
hostile work environment sexual harassment
which of the following helps managers increase diversity awareness in an organization?
improving understanding of others who are different from oneself
The VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination
in employment decisions on the basis of race, religion, sex, color, or national origin.
? ethics are standards that determine how people view their responsibilities to others and how they should act in situations when their own self-interest is at stake.
individual
A supplier's bargaining position is especially strong when the input supplied
is a fundamental component of the organization's product.
What is a schema?
it is an abstract knowledge structure stored in memory, making possible the interpretation and organization of information about people, events, or situations
when Bob was calculating the yearly bonuses for his employees, he paid particular attention to the individual employee scores to ensure that they were based on performance and not favoritism. Which ethical rule was Bob following?
justice
which of the following is true about ethics?
laws change to reflect the changing ethical beliefs of a society.
Amanda owns and manages a restaurant with more than 50 employees. She wants to make sure that all of her employees not only support diversity among themselves but also among all their customers. For effective management of diversity, Amanda schedules her employees so that diverse individuals work the same hours. The employees build relationships, learn from each other, and support each other. Amanda's management fits the _____ role.
liaison
In the _____ role, a manager enables diverse individuals to coordinate their efforts.
liaison
Greg belongs to a society which makes very few distinctions between people and groups. This is reflected in his company, Sonata DCM, the managers of which represent several different classes and cultures. The society to which he belongs is
low on social stratification.
? are frequently in the position of having to juggle the interest of different stakeholders, including themselves
managers
? are the stakeholder group with the most responsibility for deciding the goals of the organization
managers
? have a claim on an organization because they bring to it their skills, expertise, and experience
managers
As the manager of Taylor Construction, Scott created a policy that required all subcontractors to submit monthly reports to show the percentage of work that was completed by their diverse employees. This is an example of
managing diversity
JRC Inc., a consumer-electronics firm based in Atlanta, is opening another manufacturing unit. The top management involves female representatives in the design team to take care of any concerns that female employees may have. This is an example of
managing diversity
Under the ? rule, an ethical decision is one that best maintains people's fundamental privileges.
moral rights
? are moral thoughts and feelings that tell people what is right or wrong
moral scruples
? are thoughts and feelings that tell people what is right or wrong
moral scruples
Which of the following can be defined as the set of values and the norms of behavior which are approved or sanctioned by a particular society?
national culture
Which of the following helps managers respond to the differing needs of diverse employees while enabling those employees to be effective contributors to an organization?
not feeling threatened by different approaches and perspectives
Managers at Enron prevented employees from selling Enron shares in their pension funds while they sold hundreds of millions of dollars' worth of their own Enron stock. This illustrates the ? approach to social responsibility.
obstructionist
The managers of Lehman Brothers, whose bankruptcy helped propel the 2008-2009 financial crisis, used loopholes in U.K. law to hide billions of dollars of worthless assets in its balance sheet to disguise its poor financial condition. Which of the following approaches to how to be socially responsible is illustrated from this example?
obstructionist
Which of the following approaches to a commitment to social responsibility is characterized by low levels of socially responsible behavior?
obstructionist
when tobacco companies sought to hide evidence that cigarette smoke causes lung cancer, they were exhibiting a(n) ? approach to social responsibility
obstructionist
after a lengthy investigation, Larry lost his license to practice law on charges of accepting bribes. In all likelihood, Larry probably violated ? ethics
occupational
which of the following is the right approach to eradicating sexual harassment
organizations should develop and clearly communicate a sexual harassment policy
Good decisions are based on accurate information. The success of fast-food restaurants in diverse markets can be attributed to the managers who have relatively accurate
perceptions
Deregulation, privatization, and the removal of legal barriers to trade are examples of changing _____ forces.
political
An organization that is not presently in a task environment but has the resources to enter if it so chooses is called a
potential competitor.
companies that go out of their way to learn about the needs of different stakeholders and use organizational resources to promote their interests are using the ? approach.
proactive
which approach to social responsibility is being implemented by a company that actively embraces the need to behave in socially responsible ways?
proactive
The supervisor of medical billing at a hospital has established a practice that helps her document her employees' skills, performances, and abilities. This information helps the supervisor make objective decisions when promoting employees in her department. Which principle are the supervisor's actions based on?
procedural justice
The aim of tariffs is to
protect domestic industries and jobs
When a manager asks a subordinate for sexual favors in return for a promotion, what type of sexual harassment has occurred?
quid pro quo
While on a business trip, Eva, the planning manager, suggested to a male subordinate that it would be good for his career if he spent an intimate night with her. This is an example of
quid pro quo sexual harassment
One result of effectively managing diversity is a(n)
reduction in turnover rates
Sarah is currently a manager at a fabric manufacturing company. The company has arranged for Sarah to complete a four-week community internship to improve her diversity awareness and management skills. She will experience social challenges such as unemployment, homelessness, and illiteracy. Sarah will also have an opportunity to interact with people from different cultures and learn about different approaches to work and life. The manufacturing company periodically offers diversity training, such as group exercises and role-plays, so what is the advantage of Sarah completing the internship?
sarah will experience the diversities firsthand
Which of the following helps ensure that diversity is managed effectively in an organization?
securing top management commitment
Jeanie realizes that her values differ significantly from some of her younger subordinates. What should Jeanie do to understand them better?
seek out others' points of view and perspectives
Samantha made some changes in the production process to make sure employees could perform tasks without endangering their health and safety. Samantha was employing the moral rights rule to
seek to protect the rights and privileges of people affected
A manager in the leader role manages diversity in an organization by
serving as a role model and instituting policies and procedures to ensure that diverse members are treated fairly.
Julie, a regional sales manager for a pharmaceutical corporation, scheduled a critical meeting for all the sales reps in her region. After setting the date and time for the meeting, Julie learned that the date she chose was a religious holiday for members of a certain faith. Julie then changed the date for the meeting because
she wanted to effectively manage diversity
The ______ effect happens if a white male manager perceives other white male managers more positively than managers from minority groups.
similar-to-me
Tucker is hiring a manager for his clothing store. When he reviews the credentials of applicants, he pays special attention to individuals who share his hobbies and interests. Jose's passion for music and interest in the stock market gets him the job. Tucker is influenced by the _______ effect.
similar-to-me
Janice is hiring an assistant marketing manager for Fall Inc. Janice recruits Sandra because she comes from a well-known family. Janice is influenced by the _____ effect.
social status
Steve believes that Carlos is more responsible and capable than Gus because Carlos is from the management team while Gus is the maintenance supervisor. This type of bias known as the ______ effect.
social status
Jean is the CEO of Creative Tribune, an advertising firm in Winchester. Many distinctions exist between the different classes of people in her society. Most of the top managers in her organization, for example, come from the upper classes. This implies that society in Winchester has a high degree of
social stratification.
? ethics are the standards that govern how members of a society should deal with one another in matters involving issues such as fairness, justice, poverty and individual rights.
societal
? ethics are the standards that govern how members of a society should deal with one another in matters involving issues such as fairness, justice, poverty, and individual rights.
societal
Tiffany & Co. has a deep moral commitment to act responsibly in its sourcing of precious metals and gemstones. This is an example of ? ethics
societal
Which of the following is an example of a folkway?
societal conventions that concern gender-appropriate clothing
The sales manager at STU Inc., Riley, has to promote either Mark or Kate to the position of assistant sales manager. Mark and Kate are equally good resources. Riley promotes Kate because he believes that all women are soft-spoken and polite. Riley is influenced by
stereotypes
_____ are composed of simplistic and often inaccurate beliefs about the typical characteristics of particular groups of people.
stereotypes
? watch the company and its managers closely to ensure that management is working diligently to increase the company's profitability.
stockholders
All decisions and actions of managers are based on their
subjective perceptions
all decisions and actions of managers are based on their
subjective perceptions
Which of the following is an example of collectivism values
subordination of the individual to the goals of the group
which of the following is least likely to be a source of individual ethics?
supervisors
Companies that provide other organizations with input resources are known as
suppliers.
Which of the following contributed to the lowering of barriers of distance and culture that affected global organizations?
the advancements of communication and transportation technology
The more difficult it is to enter the task environment
the easier it is to keep prices high.
? can provide guidance when organization members are uncertain about whether an action is ethical
the ethics ombudsperson
Nancy wants to report some unethical behavior among colleagues in her department, but she doesn't want her colleagues to know she is the whistleblower. Nancy should talk to
the ethics ombudsperson
which of the following statements is true of organizational ethics
the individual ethics of a company's founders and top managers are especially important in shaping the organization's code of ethics
The Republic of Karibo has been losing capital steadily over the last five years. As a result of this
the standard of living has fallen.
which of the following statements is true about stockholders?
they have a claim on a company because when they buy its stocks or shares, they become its owners.
stockholders are interested in how a company operates because
they want to maximize the return on their investment
Which of the following is an aim of distributive justice within an organization?
to ensure that outcomes are not distributed based on a person's personal characteristics like race or age
Some websites offer free streaming and downloading of movies, games, and music. Websites like these demonstrate that the pursuit of self-interest can lead to a collective disaster when one or more people start to profit from being unethical because this encourages other people to act in the same way. This exemplifies a situation known as the
tragedy of the commons
? is a person's confidence and faith in another person's goodwill
trust
Simon was confronted with a serious ethical dilemma. He responded with a solution that created the greater good for the greatest number of people. Which ethical rule best describes his response?
utilitarian
According to Hofstede, individualist societies
value personal freedom, personal success, and self-expression
According to Hofstede, individualist societies
value personal freedom, personal success, and self-expression.
The basic building blocks of national culture are
values and norms.
All of the following are principal forms of capital that flow between countries except
virtual capital
Which of the following is a value of nurturing orientation?
warm personal friendships
One managerial implication of the justice model is that managers should base their decisions on
whatever promotes a fair distribution of outcomes