Management and Organizational Behavior
The consequences of using hard influence tactics is likely to be which of the following?
-Compliance -Resistance
The sources of power that originate mostly from a person's formal position in an organization include ______ power. (Check all that apply.)
-coercive -legitimate -reward
What are some advantages to workplace teams?
-coworkers become benchmarks of comparison, stimulating improved performance - teams often make better decisions than employees working alone -people are potentially more motivated when working in teams than when working alone
Alonzo works in a factory. He was hired at $10 per hour but can increase his pay as he masters new units in the production process. Which reward system is being applied at Alonzo's factory? Multiple choice question.
Competency-based rewards
The Human Rule
Form a team of people with diverse knowledge
______ is the extent to which the work performed by one member of a group affects what other members do.
Task interdependence
Which model recognizes the role of the receiver in communication?
active listening
One way of improving the chances of getting your message across is to ______.
be empathetic and sensitive to the receiver
Employees can increase visibility by ______
being located in central work areas
In the communication process model, the receiver _______ the message.
decodes
An example of ___ as a contingency of power is the frequent complaint of middle managers that they have limited power to make decisions without approval from upper management.
discretion
The capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others is the definition of
power
The extent to which a communication channel creates psychological closeness with others is called social ____
presence
Employees are much more likely to experience which element of empowerment when they are working in jobs with a high degree of autonomy and minimal bureaucratic control?
self-determination
The process of keeping track of your progress towards a goal by using naturally occurring feedback is known as ______.
self-monitoring
The degree of attraction people feel toward the team and their motivation to remain members is referred to as ______.
team cohesion
The job design model that relates the motivational properties of jobs to specific personal and organizational consequences of those properties is known as ______.
the job characteristics model
Social acceptance and media richness are ______.
two sets of factors in choosing communication channels
Social media are internet-based tools that ______.
-facilitate the forming of communities or groups -enable conversations between users -allow users to generate and share information
Synchronous communication is preferred over asynchronous communication when:
-information has high immediacy. -a complex issue needs to be discussed.
Team-based rewards are most appropriate when ___.
-jobs are highly interdependent -job results rely on the cooperative effort of multiple people
Potential sources of power in an organization can generate power only in certain conditions. These contingencies include:
-nonsubstitutability -visibility -centrality
Elements of the organizational and team environment that impact the effectiveness of a team include:
-team rewards -organizational structure
The conditions for the use of silent authority as an influence tactic include ______. (Check all that apply)
-the requester's legitimate power -the target person's role expectations
Which of the following is most likely to encourage organizational politics?
A one-sentence announcement that there will be layoffs starting next week
Intuition relies on programmed decision routines that speed up our responses to pattern matches or mismatches. What term is used to describe these programmed routines?
Action scripts
______ is the development of original ideas that make a socially recognized contribution.
Creativity
Which of the following is the BEST description of scientific management?
Dividing a job into small elements and assigning those tasks to employees who are best qualified to perform them
The Tangible Rule
Embrace a learning orientation by being willing to fail
Companies should seek to improve the pay-performance linkage by utilizing subjective performance measures in reward systems.
False
Which of the following visit primarily for the benefit of their members?
Informal groups
Willy is attempting to get promoted more quickly by taking credit for the work of others when presenting it to management. His behavior can be described as ______.
Machiavellian
According to the job characteristics model, skill variety, task significance, and task identity directly contribute to which critical psychological state?
Meaningfulness
Cisco Systems has wireless technology throughout its facility and uses collaborative workspaces instead of cubicles to facilitate interaction between team members. Which element of the organizational and team environment has Cisco addressed?
Physical space
The Ambiguity Rule
Questions and refine problems and solutions
The Re-Design Rule
Review solutions that worked in the past
Which of the following teams allows employees to plan, organize, and control their work activities with little or no direct involvement of a higher-status supervisor?
Self-directed team
Xavier met with his supervisor to discuss a problem he was having with a coworker. After listening for a few minutes, his supervisor said, "The problem is that you need to stop taking things so personally." This is an example of which limitation in effective problem identification?
Solution-focused problem identification
True or False: As a general rule, smaller teams have less process loss than larger teams.
TRUE Small teams (less than a dozen members) tend to experience less process loss than larger teams.
True or false: Employee involvement serves to strengthen employee commitment to the decision because they are involved in making the decision.
True
Social networks are inherent in all organizations, yet they can create a formidable barrier to those who are excluded from those networks. An example of barriers formed by informal male social networks is _____.
a men's golf tournament
Barriers to communication include ______.
ambiguity of language
The definition of influence is ___.
any behavior that attempts to alter someone's attitudes or behavior
Actively applying legitimate or coercive power to influence others is ______.
assertiveness
Jorge is worried about losing his job because his supervisor frequently checks and corrects his work and has let him know that he needs to 'clean up his act' or face dismissal. Jorge's boss is using the influence tactic known as _______.
assertiveness
According to the job characteristics model, what characteristic most directly contributes to the psychological state of responsibility?
autonomy
According to the job characteristics model, which of the following contributes directly to a feeling of increased responsibility?
autonomy
The ability of a manager to punish an employee is _______ power.
coercive
The more similar the background, interests, attitudes, and values of team members, the more _____(cohesive/incoherent) the team tends to be. (Enter only one word in the blank.)
cohesive
The process by which information is transmitted and understood between two or more people is
communication
Deliberate gestures, such as shaking one's head, ______.
differ in meaning depending on the national culture
The medium of choice in most workplaces today is text-based______ communication because it is asynchronous, can be sent to many people at once, and can quickly transmit attached information. (Enter one word in the blank.)
digital
The rational choice paradigm completely ignores the effect of ______ in human decision making.
emotions
The practice of adding tasks to an existing job is known as job ______.
enlargement
Employee-of-the-Month winners at Davenport Properties can choose from a set of rewards, including a cash bonus, paid time-off, or a gift certificate at a local restaurant. This improves reward effectiveness by ______.
ensuring the rewards are valued
Jacqueline is bidding against several other people on an item at an auction. She knows the bid is already too high, but she's doesn't want to give up, so she keeps bidding. This is an example of ______.
escalation of commitment
The tendency to repeat an apparently bad decision or allocate more resources to a failing course of action is referred to as ______.
escalation of commitment
A personal source of power based on the possession of knowledge or skills valued by others is ______ power.
expert
The ability to cope with uncertainty in the environment is an important source of___power
expert
True or false: The sharing of resources, information, trust, and knowledge among those in a social network creates legitimate power.
false Networks create social capital. Only the organization's formal structure creates legitimate power.
As a general rule, as the size of the team ______, team cohesion ______.
increases; decreases
The stage in the creative process model in which we put the problem aside, but our mind is still working on a solution in the background, is referred to as
incubation
Power in motion, or any behavior designed to change someone's attitudes or behavior, is known as ______.
influence
People with centrality in social networks are able to influence others using ______.
information control
Social loafing is more likely to occur when employees ______.
lack motivation to help the team
According to the rational choice paradigm, people choose the alternative with the highest payoff or highest subjective expected utility. This is referred to as ______.
maximizing
The volume and variety of information that can be transmitted during a specific time is ______.
media richness
According to the communication process model, ______ describes barriers that distort the message when it is being transmitted.
noise
Changing another person's beliefs, attitudes, and behavior using facts, logic, and emotional appeals is the definition of
persuasion
The new product development team of which Lloyd has been a member is finally "firing on all cylinders." Its members are working together smoothly, trust each other, and are mutually committed to the objectives of the team. Lloyd's team appears to be in the ______ stage of team development.
preforming
The type of power that may be based on charisma is ____ power.
referent
A team whose members operate across space, time and organizational boundaries and are linked through information technologies to achieve organizational tasks is known as a(n) ___ team
remote
Which is a component of active listening?
responding
Alyssa works in the accounting department for a large automotive parts supplier. During the first week of each month, she works in Accounts Payable. During the second week, she works in Accounts Receivable, and then in Payroll in the third week. This enables her to have skills in multiple areas and gives her employer more staffing flexibility. This practice is referred to as job ______.
rotation
The practice of moving employees from one job to another is referred to as job ______.
rotation
The old saying, "Close enough is good enough" is an example of _____
satisficing
You're not looking for the sharpest needle in the haystack; you simply want one that is sharp enough to sew with. This is an example of ______.
satisficing
After studying for her final exam all afternoon, Kate decided to reward herself by going out for some frozen yogurt. This instance is an example of ______.
self-reinforcement
The knowledge and other resources available to people or social units from a durable network that connects to others is ______.
social capital
The final project in Alonzo's class is a group research paper. He hates group work but he also knows that, even if he doesn't do much work on the project, his other group members will pick up the slack so they don't get a bad grade on the project. This is known as ______.
social loafing
The tendency for people in a group to put less effort into a task when the effort is pooled compared to when they are responsible for their own work is known as ______.
social loafing
At an automotive assembly plant, one worker tightens the bolts on a windshield wiper assembly, and the vehicle moves along the assembly line to the next worker, who then fastens the blades to the wiper assembly. This is an example of job ______.
specialization
The subdivision of work into separate jobs assigned to different people is referred to as job ______.
specialization
An example of ______ is when employees are replaced by technology to produce a product more cheaply.
substitutability
Tasha works at a start-up company, and there are few written procedures that guide the completion of her job. As a result, she often has to rely on her own judgment rather than written guidelines to decide how to complete her work. Based on this description, it would appear that Tasha has a job with low _______.
task analyzability
The extent to which team members must share materials, information or expertise to perform their jobs is referred to as:
task interdependence.
Closely related to the core job characteristic of skill variety is _______, the predictability or pattern of job duties from one day to the next.
task variability
A(n)_____ is a group of two or more people who interact and influence each other, are mutually accountable for achieving common goals, and perceive themselves as a social entity.
team
The Three Musketeers' motto, "All for one and one for all" (meaning that all members of the group support individual members, and the individual members pledge to support the group), is an example of ______.
team cohesion
What important social need is supported by the grapevine?
the drive to bond
A personal characteristic that supports organizational politics through self-serving behaviors is ______.
the need for personal power
true or false: As a general rule, smaller teams have less process loss than larger teams.
true
True or false: Nonverbal gestures differ from one culture to another.
true Shaking of the head or raising one's eyebrows have different meanings in different cultures.
When women communicate they ______.
use rapport talk to build relationships
Which of the following are ways to improve the process of identifying problems and opportunities? (Check all that apply.)
-Creating a mindset that actively searches for problems and opportunities -Becoming aware of problem identification biases -Discussing perceptions of the situation with colleagues or coworkers
Which of the following are situations that help lead to social loafing?
-Individual performance is hidden in the single output of the team. -The work of the team is boring. -Team members have low agreeableness.
Which of the following describe characteristics of teams?
-Members perceive themselves as a social entity -Teams exist to fulfill a purpose.
What are types of verbal communication?
-Oral communications -Written communications
You can improve the chances of getting your message across if you ______
-empathize with the receiver -remove ambiguous words -time it when the receiver is not distracted
Important factors to consider in selecting the most appropriate channel of communication include ______.
-social presence -synchronicity
Important factors in selecting a socially acceptable channel of communication may include ______.
-symbolic meaning of a channel -organizational, team, and cultural norms -individual preferences
Effective interpersonal communication depends on ______.
-the sender's ability to get the message across -the receiver's capacity for active listening
Order the stages of team development from first to last, with the first stage at the top.
1. Forming 2. Storming 3. Norming 4. Preforming 5. Adjourning
Which of the following is the lowest level of employee involvement?
Asking individual employees for specific information without describing of the problem the information is needed for
Harry wanted to get as many ideas as possible about the company's new campaign. He gathered his creative team in a conference room, introduced the topic, and asked that each participant think and record their ideas individually and anonymously without any verbal interaction. What is the term used to describe the technique Harry was using?
Brainwriting
Most companies today publish company magazines and other information using e-zines on the ____
internet
The tendency to define problems in terms of a preferred solution happens because _____. Multiple choice question.
it provides comforting closure to an ambiguous problem
Jaime is the only one who is able to reprogram the robots needed for production of a key part. His power in the company is greater than his formal position based on ______.
nonsubstitutability
If you're late for a product development team meeting at JoBella Enterprises, you have to put $2 in a "Pizza Fund." This fund is used to buy lunch for the team on the first Friday of each month. This is an example of a team _____
norm
Team ______ are the informal rules and shared expectations that groups establish to regulate the behavior of their members.
norms
A time constraint in decision making due to the procedural requirement that only one person may speak at a time is referred to as:
production blocking
Mercy Hospital has developed a detailed set of plans to safeguard patients, staff, and hospital assets in the event of catastrophic situations, such as airplane crashes or terror attacks. This is an example of ______.
scenario planning
Freedom, independence and discretion over one's work activities are important elements in which dimension of empowerment?
self-determination
The extent to which communication channels require or allow the sender and receiver to be actively involved in a conversation at the same time is called ______.
synchronicity
Grouping employees into team spaces to improve communication between team members is a ______ design strategy.
workspace
Emotions affect the evaluation of alternatives in the decision-making process in which of the following ways?
-Emotions determine our preferences for each alternative before we consciously evaluate them. -We "listen in" on our emotions to gain guidance when making choices.
Self-leadership behaviors are more frequently found in people with higher levels of which dimensions of the Five Factor Model (FFM)?
-Extroversion -Conscientiousness
Which of the following personality traits and values support an independent imagination
-High openness to experience -Moderately low need for affiliation
Which of the following personality traits and values support an independent imagination?
-High openness to experience -Moderately low need for affiliation
Under which of the following circumstances should employees be involved in the decision-making process?
-If they are unwilling to accept a decision without their involvement -If they possess more knowledge and experience than the supervisor
The strategies for improving communication throughout the organization's hierarchy include ______.
-Internet-based communication -direct communication with top management -workspace design
Which of the following statements about power are true? (Check all that apply)
-It exists when others believe you have power. -It is the potential to change someone's attitudes.
Which of the following are true of job specialization? (Check all that apply.)
-It improves the mechanical efficiency of work. -It can result in absenteeism and turnover. -It may have a negative effect on worker motivation.
Which are benefits of the grapevine in organizations?
-It is often used to transmit corporate culture -It provides information not available through formal channels -It is associated with the drive to bond among workers
Which of the following are benefits of employee involvement in the decision-making process?
-It may improve the evaluation of alternatives. -It increases the number and quality of solutions generated. -It strengthens employee commitment to the decision.
Which statements are true about self-leadership?
-It produces good results across cultures. -It can help workers self-monitor safety practices. -It can improve results in physical tests.
Which of the following are commonalities that can form social networks?
-Kinship -Common interests -Physical proximity
Advantages of smaller teams include ______.
-Less process loss -higher levels of engagement
Which of the following are organizational and work-context factors that influence psychological empowerment?
-Providing easy access to needed information and resources -Establishing a learning orientation culture -Trusting employees and be willing to take the risks that empowerment creates
Which of the following core job characteristics contribute to the job's meaningfulness?
-Task identity -Task significance -Skill variety
In designing reward systems, in what ways can companies improve the pay-performance linkage?
-Using objective performance measures -Applying rewards soon after the performance occurs
The influence tactics most commonly used in organizations include ___.
-assertiveness -information control -silent authority
Ways in which an organization can improve the effectiveness of virtual teams include ______.
-clear operational objectives -documented work procedures -a toolkit of communication channels
Informal groups are differentiated from teams in that ______.
-their members have little or no interdependence -they have no organizationally mandated purpose -they exist primarily for the benefit of their members
Examples of having similar codebooks when encoding and decoding messages would include ______.
-using math symbols to write an equation -speaking the same language
Cross-cultural differences that create barriers to communication include ______.
-voice intonation -language -silence
Rank the following actions in terms of the level of employee involvement in decision-making, placing the greatest level of employment involvement at the top.
1. Handing over the entire decision-making process to employees 2. Describing a problem and ask employees for recommendations 3. Asking individual employees for specific information relating to a problem
Place the steps in the rational decision-making process in the correct order, with the first step at the top.
1. Identify the problem or opportunity 2. Choose the best decision-making process 3. Identify and develop possible solutions 4. Choose the alternative the offers the best chance of satisfaction 5. Implement the selected alternative 6. Evaluate whether the solution has effectively addressed the problem or opportunity
Rank the following types of communication channels according to the amount of social presence they have, with the channel having the least social presence at the bottom.
1. a face-to-face conversation between sisters at a coffee shop 2. a smart phone video call between two friends 3. a scheduled conference call amount a team of co-workers 4. a promotion email sent to a distribution list
Rank the types of team trust in order, with the type having the highest level of trust at the top.
1. identification-based trust 2. knowledge-based trust 3. calculus-based trust
______ is the idea that, in decision making, people are limited by their ability to process information, their cognitive abilities, and the finite amount of time they have to make decisions.
Bounded rationality
_______ is a group idea generation and problem resolution approach that asks participants to write down their ideas instead of verbally describing them.
Brainwriting
______ trust is based on the assumption that other team members will perform as expected because they fear the consequences of not doing what they promised.
Calculus-based
Which rewards system motivates employees to learn new skills?
Competency-based
The 5 C's Model of Team Member Competency identifies five competencies of effective team members: comforting, conflict resolving, communicating, cooperating, and _____
Coordinating
True or false: Employees always value monetary rewards over other forms of reward.
False
Which of the following represents the first step in the rational decision making process?
Identify the problem or opportunity
Which of the following statements about interpersonal communication is true?
It depends on the receiver's active listening performance.
Specialized words and phrases for specific occupations or groups, known as _____, creates barriers to communication for those who lack the codebook.
Jargon
Which model identifies core job dimensions that produce psychological states which then affect employees' motivation, satisfaction, and effectiveness?
Job characteristic model
If a company wished to align rewards with performance that is within an employee's control, which of the following rewards would be most appropriate?
Rewarding factory employees for meeting production output standards
Under which of the following circumstances would employee involvement in decision making be preferable?
The problem relates to a nonprogrammed decision.
Which rule for design thinking stresses the importance of building low-cost prototypes as a rich form of communication?
The tangible rule
True or false: Job specialization can lead to lower work quality.
True
True or false: Creativity helps us in the decision making process because it assists us in visualizing the future and seeing the impact of our alternatives.
True: Creativity helps us choose alternatives because we can visualize the future in different ways and figure out how each choice might be useful or a liability in those scenarios.
A work group chooses to have 5-minute "stand-up" meetings at the start of each day rather than weekly staff meetings. This is an example of social _____ of the communication medium.
acceptance
The job characteristics model identifies five core job characteristics: skill variety, task identity, task significance, job feedback, and____.
autonomy
Employees' drive to _____ motivates them to fulfill the goals of the groups to which they belong
bond
Employees' drive to _____ motivates them to fulfill the goals of the groups to which they belong.
bond
The concept that decision makers process limited and imperfect information and rarely select the best choice is referred to as ______.
bounded rationality
______ is a decision making technique where team members meet face-to-face, speak freely without fear of criticism, generate as many creative ideas as possible, and build on the ideas of others.
brainstorming
An advantage of using the Internet for internal communication, such as e-zines, is that online communication ______.
can be prepared and distributed quickly
A disadvantage of social networks is that they ___.
can increase workplace discrimination
The power holder's importance based on the degree and nature of that person's interdependence with others is ______
centrality
The power holder's importance based on the degree and nature of that person's interdependence with others is ______.
centrality
When the only manager of a retail store able to open it for business is late to work and business is lost, it is an example of ______
centrality
George regularly shares positive outcomes by his work group with his manager while seldom reporting problems or mistakes. He is using the tactic of ______.
centrality to control information
When team members are sarcastic or ostracize another member for not meeting team norms, they are using ______ power.
coercive
Creative people possess both practical and _____ intelligence
cognitive
According to the Five Cs model, which team member competency involves helping coworkers maintain a positive and healthy psychological state?
comforting
Arturo is a highly motivated telecommuter who appreciates his supervisor's trust and works hard to achieve company goals. Arturo is demonstrating the outcome of the soft influence tactic known as ______.
commitment
Because Cesar, the manager, persuaded Team Blue that extra effort will make a major contribution to the success of the company, Team Blue has been working hard to meet the goals they set with Cesar. Cesar has used soft influence tactics to develop ______.
commitment
Effective____ is essential to organizations because it is needed for employees and work units to synchronize their work.
communication
Workplace design, Internet-based communication, and direct communication with management are strategies for improving ______.
communication flow
The dimension of empowerment in which employees are confident about their ability to perform the work well and grow with new challenges is ______.
competence
Tyler is a die-hard Iowa Hawkeyes football fan, and he just bought season's tickets. He tells everyone about the games the Hawkeyes won but doesn't seem to acknowledge the games they lost to some inferior opponents. This is an example of ______
confirmation bias
When evaluating decisions, people often ignore or downplay the negative outcomes and overemphasize the positive outcomes of the decision. This is known as ______.
confirmation bias
Several studies have suggested that _______ improve individual performance in sports-related activities.
constructive thought patterns
One important function of communication in organizations is to ______.
coordinate the work of employees
Joachim is the sales manager of a large car dealership. He wants to increase sales significantly over the next 12 months, and he and his staff have brainstormed several ideas to achieve this. Joachim now has to choose among these alternatives. Joachim is involved in the process of ______.
decision making
The process of making choices among alternatives with the intention of moving toward a desired state of affairs is known as ______.
decision making
The process of assigning tasks to a job, including the interdependency of those tasks with other jobs, is known as job ______.
design
The freedom to make decisions without referring to a specific rule or getting permission from someone with more authority is a contingency of power known as ______.
discretion
The mindset that is characterised by never being satisfied with current conditions no matter how successful that situation may be is referred to as ___.
divine discontent
Sofia works as a customer service representative for a financial services firm. She handles phone calls from clients regarding variable annuities. Her job has been changed so that she can also take calls from clients regarding fixed annuities. This is an example of job ______.
enlargement
Jamal is a customer service representative at a local credit union. He has been handling customer deposits and disbursements. His job has changed so that he can now assist customers with completing loan applications, and he has the authority to approve small, short-term loans. This is an example of job ______.
enrichment
Job ______ is the practice of giving employees more responsibility for scheduling, coordinating, and planning their own work
enrichment
James often seeks Isabel's help because she understands the capabilities of the tax program better than anyone else in the department, including their boss. Isabel has ______ power in this relationship.
expert
Research suggests that self-leadership behaviors are more frequently found in people with higher levels of conscientiousness and ______.
extroversion
According to research, which of the following would likely be the most persuasive type of communication?
face-to-face interaction
Nonverbal communication includes ______.
facial expressions
True or false: Valuable expertise alone can make one powerful in an organization.
false Sources of power such as expertise generate power only under certain conditions, which are defined in four contingencies of power.
True or false: Face-to-face communication during the early stages of the team development process ultimately may hinder the success of a virtual team.
false: Virtual teams should meet face-to-face early in the team development process because technology cannot replace face-to-face interaction for high-level bonding and mutual understanding.
According to the job characteristics model, there are _______ core job characteristics that affect critical psychological states which in turn influence work outcomes.
five
Legitimate power is based on a person's ______.
formal job description
In the communication process model, the message must first be ______ and ______ by the sender before transmitting it.
formed; encoded
In a brainstorming meeting, team members are encouraged to _____.
generate as many ideas as possible
The difference between hard and soft influence tactics is that ______.
hard tactics are based on position power
The source of power for __________ influence tactics such as assertiveness is position power, while the source of power for _______ influence tactics such as persuasion is personal power.
hard; soft
People have a tendency to be more creative when they ______.
have a comfortable level of job security
An advantage of using text-based digital methods to communicate in the workplace is that they ______.
have become critical for coordinating work
Self-directed teams ______.
have substantial autonomy over the execution of their tasks
Communication "codebooks" are dictionaries of symbols that include languages, gestures, and:
idioms
You've been worrying about the topic for your final paper for days. Suddenly, you have an "Aha!" moment, and you quickly jot down a quick outline before you lose the idea. This is the ______ stage of the creative process model.
illumination
The alternative that the decision maker prefers and that is used as a comparison with other choices is referred to as the ______.
implicit favorite
The situation in which the volume of information received exceeds the person's ability to process it is known as ______
information overload
When the volume of information received exceeds a person's ability to process it, it is known as _____ _____
information overload
The "inner feeling" or "gut instinct" we have when making a decision is known as
intuition
The ability to sense when a problem or opportunity exists and to select the best course of action without conscious reasoning is referred to as _____.
intuition
An example of cross-cultural barriers to communication is ______.
language
An organizational culture in which leaders recognize and accept reasonable mistakes as part of the creative process is referred to as a(n) )______orientation.
learning
An agreement among organizational members that people in certain roles can request a set of behaviors from others, such as a manager making requests of those she supervises, is known as ______ power.
legitimate
Assertiveness and silent authority are influence tactics that are based on ______ power.
legitimate
Communication barriers, such as jargon, language ambiguities, or different codebooks, are called
noise
Facial expressions and gestures are examples of __________ communication channels.
nonverbal
Laurel was frustrated after the fund raising committee meeting because only one member was allowed to speak at a time, and she couldn't find an opportune time to voice her concerns or ask questions. Laurel has experienced:
production blocking
The type of power that originates within the person, that develops slowly, and is based on interpersonal skills is ______ power.
referent
The source of power in an organization based on a person's ability to decide pay, promotions, scheduling, and work assignments is ______ power.
reward
John's supervisor, Jilleen, recognizes that he is working long hours and produces more than others by giving him extra time off. This is an example of ______.
reward power
Conditions that support organizational politics include ______.
scarce resources
Systematic thinking about alternative futures and what an organization should do to anticipate and react to those environments is known as ______.
scenario planning
Systematically partitioning work into its smallest elements and standardizing tasks to achieve maximum efficiency is referred to as ______.
scientific management
When men communicate they ______.
see conversations as negotiations of status and power
Jackson has had a lot of success in investing for his clients over the last few years, but his investments have soured this past quarter. Instead of re-evaluating his investment strategy, he tells himself that his investment decisions were sound and it's only a matter of time before the market turns around. This is an example of the ______.
self-justification effect
Jaime championed making changes in the company's employee benefits package but now sees that many employees are angered over the changes. Instead of suggesting modifications to her plan, she tells herself that she couldn't have implemented the project without others' help, so she isn't completely to blame. This is an example of the ______.
self-justification effect
The process of influencing yourself to establish the self-direction and self-motivation needed to perform a task is referred to as ______.
self-leadership
______ is the practice of intentionally influencing your thoughts, feelings and behaviors in order to achieve your objectives.
self-leadership
Your professor has provided several practice assignments to help you prepare for the final exam. These assignments provide you with immediate feedback on your mastery of the concepts and enables which element of self-leadership?
self-monitoring
You hate to balance your checkbook every month, so you decide that you'll spend some time playing your favorite online game when you're done. This instance is an example of ______.
self-reinforcement
Before she starts the cumulative final exam in her organizational behavior course, Rachel tells herself, "You're ready. You know this stuff. You can ace this test." This is an example of ______.
self-talk
To shore up her confidence before an important presentation, Janeen tells herself, "You know more about this subject than anyone else in the room. Get out there and prove it." This is an example of ______.
self-talk
In the communication process model, the message is encoded by the
sender
Workplace design can be used to improve communication in organizations by ______.
shaping the frequency of communication
When someone complies with a request because of the requester's legitimate power as well as the target person's role expectations, it is an example of ___
silent authority
When someone complies with a request because of the requester's legitimate power as well as the target person's role expectations, it is an example of ___.
silent authority
Social structures of individuals or social units that are connected to each other through one or more forms of interdependence are known as ______.
social networks
Selecting a preferred alternative and then skewing other alternatives to make the chosen one appear to be "the best" is known as ___.
the implicit favorite
Which of the following is the best definition of communication?
the process by which information is transmitted and understood between two or more people
True or false: Self-leadership is dependent on both the individual and the situation.
true: As with most other forms of organizational behavior, self-leadership is more or less likely to occur depending on the person and the situation.
Janice is a project manager at a large, multinational insurance company in Illinois. Her team members are located in Ireland, Bangladesh, and Australia and work remotely via information technologies. This is an example of a(n) ______ team.
virtual
A problem that telecommuters have in generating power is their lack of_____because they are seldom seen in the office
visibility
jargon creates barriers to communication ______.
when the receivers do not know the jargon
Which of the following social media focuses primarily on forming communities and sharing information and has less emphasis on revealing personal identity?
wikis
